Ozone-induced gross primary productivity reductions over European forests inferred from satellite observations
- 1Earth Observation Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- 2National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- 3Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, National Agency for New Technologies (ENEA), Rome, Italy
- 4Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- 5Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, CSP, Bologna, Italy
- 6College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
- 7Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, 210044, China
- 1Earth Observation Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- 2National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- 3Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, National Agency for New Technologies (ENEA), Rome, Italy
- 4Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- 5Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, CSP, Bologna, Italy
- 6College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
- 7Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, 210044, China
Abstract. Tropospheric O3 damages leaves and directly inhibits photosynthesis, posing a threat to terrestrial carbon sinks. Previous investigations have mostly relied on sparse in-situ data or simulations using land surface models. This work is the first to use satellite data to quantify the effect of O3 exposure on gross primary productivity (GPP). O3-induced GPP reductions were estimated to vary between 0.36–9.55% across European forests along a North-South transect between 2003–2015, in line with prior estimates. No significant temporal trend could be determined over most of Europe, while Random Forest analysis (RFA) shows that soil moisture is a significant variable governing GPP reductions over the Mediterranean. Comparisons between this work and GPP reductions simulated by the Yale Interactive Biosphere (YIBs) model suggest that satellite-based estimates over the Mediterranean region may be biased by +12%, potentially because of differences in modelling stomatal sensitivity to soil moisture and prior O3 exposure. This work has demonstrated for the first time that satellite-based datasets can be leveraged to assess the impact of O3 on the terrestrial carbon sink, which are comparable with in-situ or model-based analyses.
Jasdeep Singh Anand et al.
Status: closed (peer review stopped)
-
RC1: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #1, 17 Jun 2021
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2021-125/bg-2021-125-RC1-supplement.pdf
-
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Jasdeep Anand, 18 Dec 2021
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2021-125/bg-2021-125-AC1-supplement.pdf
-
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Jasdeep Anand, 18 Dec 2021
-
RC2: 'Comment on bg-2021-125', Anonymous Referee #2, 26 Jul 2021
The paper is well-written, and of great interest. I suggest minor comments.
L7: to be reformulated e.g., “soil moisture is a significant variable governing/affecting ozone uptake leading to GPP changes…”, indeed soil moisture do not directly govern GPP reductions.
L46: ozone levels decreased in rural and remote areas while ozone levels are rising in cities following the emission control strategies worldwide.
Section 2.2.1 & 2.2.2: did you use (extrapolate) meteorological and ozone data at canopy height (ca. 20-25 m)? as you used the parameterization of the DO3SE model for sunlit leaves at the top canopy (Table 1).
Table 1: mistake for Tmin for Mediterranean species (Deciduous Tmin = 0; Evergreen Tmin = 1). Explain why Tmax is set at 200°C.
L106-107: to be reformulated, indeed AOD are not considered as precursor species.
L114: why an overestimation of 15% is observed in Southern Europe?
L154 (formula), please check the parenthesis (fmin (fT. fVPD. fSWC))
L167: what is the layer depth for SWC? Soil moisture is usually obtained for the upper 10-20 cm of soil, which resulted in a worst-case risk scenario, as the uppermost soil layers are expected to dry out more easily than deeper layers.
Figure 3: the caption needs to be updated as the first figure (left side) is “Mean f”. lease check the unit of gsto (usually we use mmol O3 m-2 PLA second -1).
Section 2: a new section 2.5 is needed with statistical analysis (trend analysis, RFA).
L195: which test did you use for trend analysis: Mann-Kendall test, Sen method?
Figure 8: why some areas are missing (e.g., the UK, Southeastern Spain, Northwestern France)?
Section Discussion: remove Fig. at L245, L262.
L235: do you mean “tropospheric” rather than “anthropogenic”? Surface ozone can be formed from biogenic VOCs.
L236: add references.
L238: previous studies applied CCM and CTM models to investigate surface ozone impacts on vegetation at regional and global scales.
L246 “caused by differences in parameters… vegetation”: to be reformulated. It seems that only physiological parameters led to latitudinal gradient in GPP reductions. Differences are also and mainly due to ozone levels, meteorological conditions (more or less optimal for ozone uptake), etc.
-
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Jasdeep Anand, 18 Dec 2021
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2021-125/bg-2021-125-AC2-supplement.pdf
-
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Jasdeep Anand, 18 Dec 2021
Status: closed (peer review stopped)
-
RC1: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #1, 17 Jun 2021
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2021-125/bg-2021-125-RC1-supplement.pdf
-
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Jasdeep Anand, 18 Dec 2021
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2021-125/bg-2021-125-AC1-supplement.pdf
-
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Jasdeep Anand, 18 Dec 2021
-
RC2: 'Comment on bg-2021-125', Anonymous Referee #2, 26 Jul 2021
The paper is well-written, and of great interest. I suggest minor comments.
L7: to be reformulated e.g., “soil moisture is a significant variable governing/affecting ozone uptake leading to GPP changes…”, indeed soil moisture do not directly govern GPP reductions.
L46: ozone levels decreased in rural and remote areas while ozone levels are rising in cities following the emission control strategies worldwide.
Section 2.2.1 & 2.2.2: did you use (extrapolate) meteorological and ozone data at canopy height (ca. 20-25 m)? as you used the parameterization of the DO3SE model for sunlit leaves at the top canopy (Table 1).
Table 1: mistake for Tmin for Mediterranean species (Deciduous Tmin = 0; Evergreen Tmin = 1). Explain why Tmax is set at 200°C.
L106-107: to be reformulated, indeed AOD are not considered as precursor species.
L114: why an overestimation of 15% is observed in Southern Europe?
L154 (formula), please check the parenthesis (fmin (fT. fVPD. fSWC))
L167: what is the layer depth for SWC? Soil moisture is usually obtained for the upper 10-20 cm of soil, which resulted in a worst-case risk scenario, as the uppermost soil layers are expected to dry out more easily than deeper layers.
Figure 3: the caption needs to be updated as the first figure (left side) is “Mean f”. lease check the unit of gsto (usually we use mmol O3 m-2 PLA second -1).
Section 2: a new section 2.5 is needed with statistical analysis (trend analysis, RFA).
L195: which test did you use for trend analysis: Mann-Kendall test, Sen method?
Figure 8: why some areas are missing (e.g., the UK, Southeastern Spain, Northwestern France)?
Section Discussion: remove Fig. at L245, L262.
L235: do you mean “tropospheric” rather than “anthropogenic”? Surface ozone can be formed from biogenic VOCs.
L236: add references.
L238: previous studies applied CCM and CTM models to investigate surface ozone impacts on vegetation at regional and global scales.
L246 “caused by differences in parameters… vegetation”: to be reformulated. It seems that only physiological parameters led to latitudinal gradient in GPP reductions. Differences are also and mainly due to ozone levels, meteorological conditions (more or less optimal for ozone uptake), etc.
-
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Jasdeep Anand, 18 Dec 2021
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2021-125/bg-2021-125-AC2-supplement.pdf
-
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Jasdeep Anand, 18 Dec 2021
Jasdeep Singh Anand et al.
Jasdeep Singh Anand et al.
Viewed
HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
649 | 316 | 22 | 987 | 14 | 20 |
- HTML: 649
- PDF: 316
- XML: 22
- Total: 987
- BibTeX: 14
- EndNote: 20
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Country | # | Views | % |
---|
Total: | 0 |
HTML: | 0 |
PDF: | 0 |
XML: | 0 |
- 1