the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Nitrate and dissolved nitrous oxide in groundwater within cropped fields and riparian buffers
Abstract. Transport and fate of dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) in groundwater and its significance to nitrogen dynamics within agro-ecosystems are poorly known in spite of significant potential of N2O to global warming and ozone depletion. Increasing denitrification in riparian buffers may trade a reduction in nitrate (NO3−) transport to surface waters for increased N2O emissions resulting from denitrification-produced N2O dissolved in groundwater being emitted into the air when groundwater flows into a stream or a river. This study quantifies the transport and fate of NO3− and dissolved N2O moving from crop fields through riparian buffers, assesses whether groundwater exported from crop fields and riparian buffers is a significant source of dissolved N2O emissions, and evaluates the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology to estimate dissolved N2O emission. We measured concentrations of NO3−; chloride (Cl−); pH; dissolved N2O, dissolved oxygen (DO), and organic carbon (DOC) in groundwater under a multi-species riparian buffer, a cool-season grass filter, and adjacent crop fields located in the Bear Creek watershed in central Iowa, USA. In both the multi-species riparian buffer and the cool-season grass filter, concentrations of dissolved N2O in the groundwater did not change as it passed through the sites, even when the concentrations of groundwater NO3− were decreased by 50% and 59%, respectively, over the same periods. The fraction of N lost to leaching and runoff (0.05) and the modified N2O emission factor, [ratio of dissolved N2O flux to N input (0.00002)] determined for the cropped fields indicate that the current IPCC methodology overestimates dissolved N2O flux in the sites. A low ratio between dissolved N2O flux and soil N2O emission (0.0003) was estimated in the cropped fields. These results suggest that the riparian buffers established adjacent to crop fields for water quality functions (enhanced denitrification) decreased NO3− and were not a source of dissolved N2O. Also, the flux of dissolved N2O from the cropped field was negligible in comparison to soil N2O emission in the crop fields.
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- RC S327: 'Referee comment on MS-NR: bgd-2008-0152', Anonymous Referee #2, 05 Mar 2009
- RC S373: 'Referee comments', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Mar 2009
- RC S449: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #3, 12 Mar 2009
- RC S327: 'Referee comment on MS-NR: bgd-2008-0152', Anonymous Referee #2, 05 Mar 2009
- RC S373: 'Referee comments', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Mar 2009
- RC S449: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #3, 12 Mar 2009
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Cited
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- RZ-TRADEOFF: A New Model to Estimate Riparian Water and Air Quality Functions . Hassanzadeh et al. 10.3390/w11040769
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- Land Use and Climate Variability Amplify Carbon, Nutrient, and Contaminant Pulses: A Review with Management Implications S. Kaushal et al. 10.1111/jawr.12204
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- Nitrate removal in a restored riparian groundwater system: functioning and importance of individual riparian zones S. Peter et al. 10.5194/bg-9-4295-2012
- In Situ Denitrification in Saturated Riparian Buffers T. Groh et al. 10.2134/jeq2018.03.0125
- Modeling biogeochemical impacts of bioenergy buffers with perennial grasses for a row‐crop field in Illinois G. Gopalakrishnan et al. 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01145.x