This study examines how winds, ocean currents, and Saharan dust affect the movement of carbon-rich material from surface waters to the deep ocean off Northwest Africa. By tracing surface seawater pathways and quantifying sinking particles throughout the year, the work shows that winter-spring upwelling drive this transfer, while summer dust helps carry organic matter downward. These findings can be used to improve forecasts of how the ocean will store carbon in the future.

Ocean alkalinity enhancement is viewed as a promising option for carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. When alkalinity is added through mineral powders, carbon uptake from the atmosphere is decreased when mineral particles sink before fully dissolving. Here we prescribe vertical alkalinity release profiles to an Earth system model. We show that carbon uptake may initially decrease by more than 75% when grain size doubles and that full uptake is delayed by centuries and spatially dispersed.

We examine benthic foraminiferal communities along an inner-to-outer transect in a fjord of Victoria Land. Community structure reflects organic matter flux, sedimentation rates, and circulation regimes. Inner sites show signs of stress, likely tied to oxygen depletion after sea-ice break up. Outer sites have higher densities, suggesting improved conditions. Comparison between paleocommunities and modern assemblages shows that communities are still recovering from late Holocene changes.