West Siberia (WS) wetlands are the world’s largest high-latitude wetland system. WS methane emission estimates suffered from large uncertainty due to high emission rate variability across the wetland vegetation cover. We mapped WS taiga zone wetlands with Landsat imagery and applied wetland typology specifically developed to reflect heterogeneity of methane fluxes. The map provides a benchmark for validation of coarse-resolution land cover products and wetland data sets in high latitudes.

Stand age demonstrated strong positive total effects, including a positive direct effect (β = 0.41), and a positive indirect effect via stand structural diversity (β = 0.41) on aboveground carbon (C) storage. Stand structural diversity had a positive direct effect on aboveground C storage (β = 0.56), whereas there was little total effect of species diversity as it had a negative direct association with, but had a positive indirect effect, via stand structural diversity, on aboveground C storage.

The goal of this manuscript was to track the fate of newly fixed nitrogen (N) in large volume mesocosms in the coastal waters of New Caledonia. We used a N isotope ("δ¹⁵N") budget and found a shift in the δ¹⁵N of sinking particulate N over the 23-day experiment, indicating that nitrate supported export production at the beginning of the experiment, but that nitrogen fixation supported export at the end. We infer that nitrogen fixation supported export production by a release of dissolved N.

This study assesses the state of the carbon cycle in Hudson Bay, an ecologically important region of the Canadian Arctic. Results show that river input, sea-ice melt, biological activity, and general circulation patterns all have significant, and regionally dependent, impacts on the carbon cycle. The study also highlights the importance of detailed sampling procedures in highly stratified waters, and reveals that the deep Hudson Bay is primarily filled with waters of Pacific origin.

Proximal sensors can assist in managing feed in livestock production systems but raw data needs calibration to biophysical values such as biomass and ground cover. Our pilot project monitored tropical pastures for 18 months using digital cameras, multispectral sensors, soil moisture sensors, and field observations. We developed stringent data cleaning rules that are applicable to other sensor projects. Proximal sensors were found to deliver continual and timely pasture data.

Freezing can affect dissolved organic matter properties and concentrations. Nevertheless, water samples are regularly frozen for sample preservation. To test, if fast-freezing with liquid nitrogen instead of normal freezing at −18 °C can prevent changes in DOM characteristics, we compared fresh and differently frozen terrestrial water samples. We found that fast-freezing with liquid nitrogen can prevent bulk organic matter concentrations but not its spectroscopic properties.

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions are reducing the pH in the world's oceans. We determined the plankton community composition and measured primary production, respiration rates and carbon export during an ocean acidification experiment. Our results suggest that increased CO₂ reduced respiration and increased net carbon fixation at high CO₂. This did not, however, translate into higher carbon export, and consequently did not work as a negative feedback mechanism for decreasing pH.

Anthropogenic land degradation affects many terrestrial processes, including reductions of net primary productivity. This study identifies degradation through spatial comparison of areas with similar growth potentials in six semiarid river basins in Australia using satellite data from 2000 to 2013. Varying severities and rates of degradation were detected across the basins, most linked to indirect management. Evidence of permanent degradation was found despite an overall trend of greening.

We used a novel approach to reassess erosion rates on the CLP. We found that both current average topsoil erosion rates and the maximum magnitude of the erosion-induced carbon sink are overestimated on the CLP. Although average topsoil losses on the CLP are still high, a major increase in agricultural productivity occurred since 1980. Hence, erosion is currently not a direct threat to agricultural productivity on the CLP but the long-term effects of erosion on soil quality remain important.

Nitrogen-rich dissolved organic matter inputs from wastewater treatment plant effluents increased bacterial production and decreased primary production and community respiration. Nutrient amendments and seasonally variable environmental conditions lead to shifts in bacterial community composition. Increases in bacterial production and simultaneous decreases in primary production lead to more carbon being consumed in the microbial loop and reduce its availability to sustain the food web.

The transport of organic C from the surface to the deep ocean by sinking particles composed of remains of dead cells and zooplankton fecal pellets can reduce the atmospheric CO₂. Study of the effect of the silica content of diatoms, one of the most important primary products, on the production, degradation and sinking of its fecal pellets provides a better understanding of the complexity and variability of the planktonic food web and its implication on the vertical flux of C in the global ocean.

To mitigate the harmful effects of global climate change, it is essential to completely understand the cycles of carbon. In this study, we found the iron oxides play an important role in regulating the accumulation of carbon in forest soil, and uncovered the governing factors for the spatial variability and characteristics of iron-bound organic carbon. Such information is important for predicting the turnover of carbon in global soils.

African natural ecosystems and agricultural lands are a significant source of GHG. However, there are huge research gaps and understanding of Africa's contribution to global GHG emissions remains highly uncertain. The strategy for addressing this data gap involves identifying priorities for data acquisition, utilizing appropriate technologies, and establishing networks and collaboration.

Using a quantum cascade laser we measured N₂O fluxes before and after a tillage event on a long-term grazed grassland field using the flux chamber and eddy covariance methods. The measurements were gap-filled using a generalised additive model which used meteorological data at the site. Results suggest that tillage of soils containing plant material (crop residues) releases a relatively large amount of N₂O-N, similar in magnitude to approximately 0.9 % of the nitrogen in the plant materials.

Our approach is based on a multi-proxy study from a core collected off the Congo River and discusses surface oceanic conditions (upwelling cells, river-induced upwelling), land–sea interactions and terrestrial erosion and in particular enables us to spatially constrain the migration of atmospheric systems. This paper thus presents new data highlighting, with the highest resolution ever reached in this region, the great correlation between phytoplanktonic organisms and monsoonal mechanisms.

The vertical structure of the coccolithophore community in the water column was controlled by trophic conditions, which were regulated by mesoscale eddies across the South China Sea basin. Three key species (Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Florisphaera profunda) contributed roughly half of the surface ocean coccolith-calcite concentrations. E. huxleyi coccolith length is influenced by light and nutrients through the regulation of growth rates.