Articles | Volume 16, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-903-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-903-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Examining the evidence for decoupling between photosynthesis and transpiration during heat extremes
ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Sydney, NSW
2052, Australia
Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW
2052, Australia
Belinda E. Medlyn
Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western
Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
Andrew J. Pitman
ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Sydney, NSW
2052, Australia
Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW
2052, Australia
John E. Drake
Forest and Natural Resources Management, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY,
USA
Anna Ukkola
ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
2601, Australia
Anne Griebel
Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW
2052, Australia
Elise Pendall
Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW
2052, Australia
Suzanne Prober
CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Private Bag 5, Wembley,
WA 6913, Australia
Michael Roderick
ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
2601, Australia
Related authors
Gab Abramowitz, Anna Ukkola, Sanaa Hobeichi, Jon Cranko Page, Mathew Lipson, Martin G. De Kauwe, Samuel Green, Claire Brenner, Jonathan Frame, Grey Nearing, Martyn Clark, Martin Best, Peter Anthoni, Gabriele Arduini, Souhail Boussetta, Silvia Caldararu, Kyeungwoo Cho, Matthias Cuntz, David Fairbairn, Craig R. Ferguson, Hyungjun Kim, Yeonjoo Kim, Jürgen Knauer, David Lawrence, Xiangzhong Luo, Sergey Malyshev, Tomoko Nitta, Jerome Ogee, Keith Oleson, Catherine Ottlé, Phillipe Peylin, Patricia de Rosnay, Heather Rumbold, Bob Su, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Xiaoni Wang-Faivre, Yunfei Wang, and Yijian Zeng
Biogeosciences, 21, 5517–5538, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates land models – computer-based models that simulate ecosystem dynamics; land carbon, water, and energy cycles; and the role of land in the climate system. It uses machine learning and AI approaches to show that, despite the complexity of land models, they do not perform nearly as well as they could given the amount of information they are provided with about the prediction problem.
Lina Teckentrup, Martin G. De Kauwe, Gab Abramowitz, Andrew J. Pitman, Anna M. Ukkola, Sanaa Hobeichi, Bastien François, and Benjamin Smith
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 549–576, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-549-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-549-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Studies analyzing the impact of the future climate on ecosystems employ climate projections simulated by global circulation models. These climate projections display biases that translate into significant uncertainty in projections of the future carbon cycle. Here, we test different methods to constrain the uncertainty in simulations of the carbon cycle over Australia. We find that all methods reduce the bias in the steady-state carbon variables but that temporal properties do not improve.
Yuan Zhang, Devaraju Narayanappa, Philippe Ciais, Wei Li, Daniel Goll, Nicolas Vuichard, Martin G. De Kauwe, Laurent Li, and Fabienne Maignan
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 9111–9125, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-9111-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-9111-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
There are a few studies to examine if current models correctly represented the complex processes of transpiration. Here, we use a coefficient Ω, which indicates if transpiration is mainly controlled by vegetation processes or by turbulence, to evaluate the ORCHIDEE model. We found a good performance of ORCHIDEE, but due to compensation of biases in different processes, we also identified how different factors control Ω and where the model is wrong. Our method is generic to evaluate other models.
Jon Cranko Page, Martin G. De Kauwe, Gab Abramowitz, Jamie Cleverly, Nina Hinko-Najera, Mark J. Hovenden, Yao Liu, Andy J. Pitman, and Kiona Ogle
Biogeosciences, 19, 1913–1932, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although vegetation responds to climate at a wide range of timescales, models of the land carbon sink often ignore responses that do not occur instantly. In this study, we explore the timescales at which Australian ecosystems respond to climate. We identified that carbon and water fluxes can be modelled more accurately if we include environmental drivers from up to a year in the past. The importance of antecedent conditions is related to ecosystem aridity but is also influenced by other factors.
Anna M. Ukkola, Gab Abramowitz, and Martin G. De Kauwe
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 449–461, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Flux towers provide measurements of water, energy, and carbon fluxes. Flux tower data are invaluable in improving and evaluating land models but are not suited to modelling applications as published. Here we present flux tower data tailored for land modelling, encompassing 170 sites globally. Our dataset resolves several key limitations hindering the use of flux tower data in land modelling, including incomplete forcing variable, data format, and low data quality.
Sami W. Rifai, Martin G. De Kauwe, Anna M. Ukkola, Lucas A. Cernusak, Patrick Meir, Belinda E. Medlyn, and Andy J. Pitman
Biogeosciences, 19, 491–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-491-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-491-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Australia's woody ecosystems have experienced widespread greening despite a warming climate and repeated record-breaking droughts and heat waves. Increasing atmospheric CO2 increases plant water use efficiency, yet quantifying the CO2 effect is complicated due to co-occurring effects of global change. Here we harmonized a 38-year satellite record to separate the effects of climate change, land use change, and disturbance to quantify the CO2 fertilization effect on the greening phenomenon.
Lina Teckentrup, Martin G. De Kauwe, Andrew J. Pitman, Daniel S. Goll, Vanessa Haverd, Atul K. Jain, Emilie Joetzjer, Etsushi Kato, Sebastian Lienert, Danica Lombardozzi, Patrick C. McGuire, Joe R. Melton, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Anthony P. Walker, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 18, 5639–5668, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5639-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5639-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Australian continent is included in global assessments of the carbon cycle such as the global carbon budget, yet the performance of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) over Australia has rarely been evaluated. We assessed simulations by an ensemble of dynamic global vegetation models over Australia and highlighted a number of key areas that lead to model divergence on both short (inter-annual) and long (decadal) timescales.
Mengyuan Mu, Martin G. De Kauwe, Anna M. Ukkola, Andy J. Pitman, Weidong Guo, Sanaa Hobeichi, and Peter R. Briggs
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 919–938, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-919-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-919-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater can buffer the impacts of drought and heatwaves on ecosystems, which is often neglected in model studies. Using a land surface model with groundwater, we explained how groundwater sustains transpiration and eases heat pressure on plants in heatwaves during multi-year droughts. Our results showed the groundwater’s influences diminish as drought extends and are regulated by plant physiology. We suggest neglecting groundwater in models may overstate projected future heatwave intensity.
Anna B. Harper, Karina E. Williams, Patrick C. McGuire, Maria Carolina Duran Rojas, Debbie Hemming, Anne Verhoef, Chris Huntingford, Lucy Rowland, Toby Marthews, Cleiton Breder Eller, Camilla Mathison, Rodolfo L. B. Nobrega, Nicola Gedney, Pier Luigi Vidale, Fred Otu-Larbi, Divya Pandey, Sebastien Garrigues, Azin Wright, Darren Slevin, Martin G. De Kauwe, Eleanor Blyth, Jonas Ardö, Andrew Black, Damien Bonal, Nina Buchmann, Benoit Burban, Kathrin Fuchs, Agnès de Grandcourt, Ivan Mammarella, Lutz Merbold, Leonardo Montagnani, Yann Nouvellon, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, and Georg Wohlfahrt
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3269–3294, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3269-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3269-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated 10 representations of soil moisture stress in the JULES land surface model against site observations of GPP and latent heat flux. Increasing the soil depth and plant access to deep soil moisture improved many aspects of the simulations, and we recommend these settings in future work using JULES. In addition, using soil matric potential presents the opportunity to include parameters specific to plant functional type to further improve modeled fluxes.
Lina Teckentrup, Martin G. De Kauwe, Andrew J. Pitman, and Benjamin Smith
Biogeosciences, 18, 2181–2203, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2181-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2181-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) describes changes in the sea surface temperature patterns of the Pacific Ocean. This influences the global weather, impacting vegetation on land. There are two types of El Niño: central Pacific (CP) and eastern Pacific (EP). In this study, we explored the long-term impacts on the carbon balance on land linked to the two El Niño types. Using a dynamic vegetation model, we simulated what would happen if only either CP or EP El Niño events had occurred.
Mengyuan Mu, Martin G. De Kauwe, Anna M. Ukkola, Andy J. Pitman, Teresa E. Gimeno, Belinda E. Medlyn, Dani Or, Jinyan Yang, and David S. Ellsworth
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 447–471, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-447-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-447-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Land surface model (LSM) is a critical tool to study land responses to droughts and heatwaves, but lacking comprehensive observations limited past model evaluations. Here we use a novel dataset at a water-limited site, evaluate a typical LSM with a range of competing model hypotheses widely used in LSMs and identify marked uncertainty due to the differing process assumptions. We show the extensive observations constrain model processes and allow better simulated land responses to these extremes.
Lingfei Wang, Gab Abramowitz, Ying-Ping Wang, Andy Pitman, Philippe Ciais, and Daniel S. Goll
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2545, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2545, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate estimates of global soil organic carbon (SOC) content and its spatial pattern are critical for future climate change mitigation. However, the most advanced mechanistic SOC models struggle to do this task. Here we apply multiple explainable machine learning methods to identify missing variables and misrepresented relationships between environmental factors and SOC in these models, offering new insights to guide model development for more reliable SOC predictions.
Michael L. Roderick and Callum J. Shakespeare
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 2097–2108, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2097-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2097-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Earth scientists assume that evaporation depends on the gradient in water vapour concentration (Fick’s law), but this is only true in an isothermal system. Temperature gradients can impact evaporation via the Soret effect. Here we evaluate the relative magnitude of the Soret effect and find that it is at least 2 orders of magnitude smaller than classical concentration-dependent mass (“Fickian”) diffusion. This result justifies the standard practice of assuming evaporation follows Fick’s law.
Matthew O. Grant, Anna M. Ukkola, Elisabeth Vogel, Sanaa Hobeichi, Andy J. Pitman, Alex Raymond Borowiak, and Keirnan Fowler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4024, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4024, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Australia is regularly subjected to severe and widespread drought. By using multiple drought indicators, we show that while there have been widespread decreases in droughts since the beginning of the 20th century. However, many regions have seen an increase in droughts in more recent decades. Despite these changes, our analysis shows that they remain within the range of observed variability and are not unprecedented in the context of past droughts.
Gab Abramowitz, Anna Ukkola, Sanaa Hobeichi, Jon Cranko Page, Mathew Lipson, Martin G. De Kauwe, Samuel Green, Claire Brenner, Jonathan Frame, Grey Nearing, Martyn Clark, Martin Best, Peter Anthoni, Gabriele Arduini, Souhail Boussetta, Silvia Caldararu, Kyeungwoo Cho, Matthias Cuntz, David Fairbairn, Craig R. Ferguson, Hyungjun Kim, Yeonjoo Kim, Jürgen Knauer, David Lawrence, Xiangzhong Luo, Sergey Malyshev, Tomoko Nitta, Jerome Ogee, Keith Oleson, Catherine Ottlé, Phillipe Peylin, Patricia de Rosnay, Heather Rumbold, Bob Su, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Xiaoni Wang-Faivre, Yunfei Wang, and Yijian Zeng
Biogeosciences, 21, 5517–5538, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates land models – computer-based models that simulate ecosystem dynamics; land carbon, water, and energy cycles; and the role of land in the climate system. It uses machine learning and AI approaches to show that, despite the complexity of land models, they do not perform nearly as well as they could given the amount of information they are provided with about the prediction problem.
Jacob A. Nelson, Sophia Walther, Fabian Gans, Basil Kraft, Ulrich Weber, Kimberly Novick, Nina Buchmann, Mirco Migliavacca, Georg Wohlfahrt, Ladislav Šigut, Andreas Ibrom, Dario Papale, Mathias Göckede, Gregory Duveiller, Alexander Knohl, Lukas Hörtnagl, Russell L. Scott, Jiří Dušek, Weijie Zhang, Zayd Mahmoud Hamdi, Markus Reichstein, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Jonas Ardö, Maarten Op de Beeck, Dave Billesbach, David Bowling, Rosvel Bracho, Christian Brümmer, Gustau Camps-Valls, Shiping Chen, Jamie Rose Cleverly, Ankur Desai, Gang Dong, Tarek S. El-Madany, Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen, Iris Feigenwinter, Marta Galvagno, Giacomo A. Gerosa, Bert Gielen, Ignacio Goded, Sarah Goslee, Christopher Michael Gough, Bernard Heinesch, Kazuhito Ichii, Marcin Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski, Anne Klosterhalfen, Sara Knox, Hideki Kobayashi, Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Mika Korkiakoski, Ivan Mammarella, Mana Gharun, Riccardo Marzuoli, Roser Matamala, Stefan Metzger, Leonardo Montagnani, Giacomo Nicolini, Thomas O'Halloran, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Matthias Peichl, Elise Pendall, Borja Ruiz Reverter, Marilyn Roland, Simone Sabbatini, Torsten Sachs, Marius Schmidt, Christopher R. Schwalm, Ankit Shekhar, Richard Silberstein, Maria Lucia Silveira, Donatella Spano, Torbern Tagesson, Gianluca Tramontana, Carlo Trotta, Fabio Turco, Timo Vesala, Caroline Vincke, Domenico Vitale, Enrique R. Vivoni, Yi Wang, William Woodgate, Enrico A. Yepez, Junhui Zhang, Donatella Zona, and Martin Jung
Biogeosciences, 21, 5079–5115, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5079-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5079-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The movement of water, carbon, and energy from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere, or flux, is an important process to understand because it impacts our lives. Here, we outline a method called FLUXCOM-X to estimate global water and CO2 fluxes based on direct measurements from sites around the world. We go on to demonstrate how these new estimates of net CO2 uptake/loss, gross CO2 uptake, total water evaporation, and transpiration from plants compare to previous and independent estimates.
Anjana Devanand, Jason Evans, Andy Pitman, Sujan Pal, David Gochis, and Kevin Sampson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3148, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3148, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Including lateral flow increases evapotranspiration near major river channels in high-resolution land surface simulations in southeast Australia, consistent with observations. The 1-km resolution model shows a widespread pattern of dry ridges that does not exist at coarser resolutions. Our results have implications for improved simulations of droughts and future water availability.
Lingfei Wang, Gab Abramowitz, Ying-Ping Wang, Andy Pitman, and Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel
SOIL, 10, 619–636, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-619-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-619-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Effective management of soil organic carbon (SOC) requires accurate knowledge of its distribution and factors influencing its dynamics. We identify the importance of variables in spatial SOC variation and estimate SOC stocks in Australia using various models. We find there are significant disparities in SOC estimates when different models are used, highlighting the need for a critical re-evaluation of land management strategies that rely on the SOC distribution derived from a single approach.
Anna M. Ukkola, Steven Thomas, Elisabeth Vogel, Ulrike Bende-Michl, Steven Siems, Vjekoslav Matic, and Wendy Sharples
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.31223/X56110, https://doi.org/10.31223/X56110, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Future drought changes in Australia –the driest inhabited continent on Earth– have remained stubbornly uncertain. We assess future drought changes in Australia using projections from climate and hydrological models. We show an increasing probability of drought over highly-populated and agricultural regions of Australia in coming decades, suggesting potential impacts on agricultural activities, ecosystems and urban water supply.
Georgina M. Falster, Nicky M. Wright, Nerilie J. Abram, Anna M. Ukkola, and Benjamin J. Henley
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1383–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1383-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1383-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-year droughts have severe environmental and economic impacts, but the instrumental record is too short to characterise multi-year drought variability. We assessed the nature of Australian multi-year droughts using simulations of the past millennium from 11 climate models. We show that multi-decadal
megadroughtsare a natural feature of the Australian hydroclimate. Human-caused climate change is also driving a tendency towards longer droughts in eastern and southwestern Australia.
Michael L. Roderick, Chathuranga Jayarathne, Angus J. Rummery, and Callum J. Shakespeare
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4833–4859, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4833-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4833-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Terrestrial radiation emitted by the Earth's atmosphere (long wave) is a key component of the energy balance at the Earth's surface. An important research question is how this terrestrial radiation is coupled to the evaporation of water at the surface. In this work, we evaluate a new laboratory wind tunnel system designed to measure the evaporation rate of a water surface exposed to different levels of terrestrial radiation.
Lina Teckentrup, Martin G. De Kauwe, Gab Abramowitz, Andrew J. Pitman, Anna M. Ukkola, Sanaa Hobeichi, Bastien François, and Benjamin Smith
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 549–576, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-549-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-549-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Studies analyzing the impact of the future climate on ecosystems employ climate projections simulated by global circulation models. These climate projections display biases that translate into significant uncertainty in projections of the future carbon cycle. Here, we test different methods to constrain the uncertainty in simulations of the carbon cycle over Australia. We find that all methods reduce the bias in the steady-state carbon variables but that temporal properties do not improve.
Yuan Zhang, Devaraju Narayanappa, Philippe Ciais, Wei Li, Daniel Goll, Nicolas Vuichard, Martin G. De Kauwe, Laurent Li, and Fabienne Maignan
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 9111–9125, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-9111-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-9111-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
There are a few studies to examine if current models correctly represented the complex processes of transpiration. Here, we use a coefficient Ω, which indicates if transpiration is mainly controlled by vegetation processes or by turbulence, to evaluate the ORCHIDEE model. We found a good performance of ORCHIDEE, but due to compensation of biases in different processes, we also identified how different factors control Ω and where the model is wrong. Our method is generic to evaluate other models.
Keirnan Fowler, Murray Peel, Margarita Saft, Tim J. Peterson, Andrew Western, Lawrence Band, Cuan Petheram, Sandra Dharmadi, Kim Seong Tan, Lu Zhang, Patrick Lane, Anthony Kiem, Lucy Marshall, Anne Griebel, Belinda E. Medlyn, Dongryeol Ryu, Giancarlo Bonotto, Conrad Wasko, Anna Ukkola, Clare Stephens, Andrew Frost, Hansini Gardiya Weligamage, Patricia Saco, Hongxing Zheng, Francis Chiew, Edoardo Daly, Glen Walker, R. Willem Vervoort, Justin Hughes, Luca Trotter, Brad Neal, Ian Cartwright, and Rory Nathan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6073–6120, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6073-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6073-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, we have seen multi-year droughts tending to cause shifts in the relationship between rainfall and streamflow. In shifted catchments that have not recovered, an average rainfall year produces less streamflow today than it did pre-drought. We take a multi-disciplinary approach to understand why these shifts occur, focusing on Australia's over-10-year Millennium Drought. We evaluate multiple hypotheses against evidence, with particular focus on the key role of groundwater processes.
Rebecca J. Oliver, Lina M. Mercado, Doug B. Clark, Chris Huntingford, Christopher M. Taylor, Pier Luigi Vidale, Patrick C. McGuire, Markus Todt, Sonja Folwell, Valiyaveetil Shamsudheen Semeena, and Belinda E. Medlyn
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 5567–5592, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5567-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5567-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce new representations of plant physiological processes into a land surface model. Including new biological understanding improves modelled carbon and water fluxes for the present in tropical and northern-latitude forests. Future climate simulations demonstrate the sensitivity of photosynthesis to temperature is important for modelling carbon cycle dynamics in a warming world. Accurate representation of these processes in models is necessary for robust predictions of climate change.
Zhuoyi Tu, Yuting Yang, and Michael L. Roderick
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1745–1754, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1745-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1745-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we test a maximum evaporation theory that acknowledges the interdependence between radiation, surface temperature, and evaporation over saturated land. We show that the maximum evaporation approach recovers observed evaporation and surface temperature under non-water-limited conditions across a broad range of bio-climates. The implication is that the maximum evaporation concept can be used to predict potential evaporation that has long been a major difficulty for the hydrological community.
Jon Cranko Page, Martin G. De Kauwe, Gab Abramowitz, Jamie Cleverly, Nina Hinko-Najera, Mark J. Hovenden, Yao Liu, Andy J. Pitman, and Kiona Ogle
Biogeosciences, 19, 1913–1932, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although vegetation responds to climate at a wide range of timescales, models of the land carbon sink often ignore responses that do not occur instantly. In this study, we explore the timescales at which Australian ecosystems respond to climate. We identified that carbon and water fluxes can be modelled more accurately if we include environmental drivers from up to a year in the past. The importance of antecedent conditions is related to ecosystem aridity but is also influenced by other factors.
Anna M. Ukkola, Gab Abramowitz, and Martin G. De Kauwe
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 449–461, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Flux towers provide measurements of water, energy, and carbon fluxes. Flux tower data are invaluable in improving and evaluating land models but are not suited to modelling applications as published. Here we present flux tower data tailored for land modelling, encompassing 170 sites globally. Our dataset resolves several key limitations hindering the use of flux tower data in land modelling, including incomplete forcing variable, data format, and low data quality.
Sami W. Rifai, Martin G. De Kauwe, Anna M. Ukkola, Lucas A. Cernusak, Patrick Meir, Belinda E. Medlyn, and Andy J. Pitman
Biogeosciences, 19, 491–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-491-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-491-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Australia's woody ecosystems have experienced widespread greening despite a warming climate and repeated record-breaking droughts and heat waves. Increasing atmospheric CO2 increases plant water use efficiency, yet quantifying the CO2 effect is complicated due to co-occurring effects of global change. Here we harmonized a 38-year satellite record to separate the effects of climate change, land use change, and disturbance to quantify the CO2 fertilization effect on the greening phenomenon.
Lina Teckentrup, Martin G. De Kauwe, Andrew J. Pitman, Daniel S. Goll, Vanessa Haverd, Atul K. Jain, Emilie Joetzjer, Etsushi Kato, Sebastian Lienert, Danica Lombardozzi, Patrick C. McGuire, Joe R. Melton, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Anthony P. Walker, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 18, 5639–5668, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5639-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5639-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Australian continent is included in global assessments of the carbon cycle such as the global carbon budget, yet the performance of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) over Australia has rarely been evaluated. We assessed simulations by an ensemble of dynamic global vegetation models over Australia and highlighted a number of key areas that lead to model divergence on both short (inter-annual) and long (decadal) timescales.
Mengyuan Mu, Martin G. De Kauwe, Anna M. Ukkola, Andy J. Pitman, Weidong Guo, Sanaa Hobeichi, and Peter R. Briggs
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 919–938, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-919-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-919-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater can buffer the impacts of drought and heatwaves on ecosystems, which is often neglected in model studies. Using a land surface model with groundwater, we explained how groundwater sustains transpiration and eases heat pressure on plants in heatwaves during multi-year droughts. Our results showed the groundwater’s influences diminish as drought extends and are regulated by plant physiology. We suggest neglecting groundwater in models may overstate projected future heatwave intensity.
Rafael Poyatos, Víctor Granda, Víctor Flo, Mark A. Adams, Balázs Adorján, David Aguadé, Marcos P. M. Aidar, Scott Allen, M. Susana Alvarado-Barrientos, Kristina J. Anderson-Teixeira, Luiza Maria Aparecido, M. Altaf Arain, Ismael Aranda, Heidi Asbjornsen, Robert Baxter, Eric Beamesderfer, Z. Carter Berry, Daniel Berveiller, Bethany Blakely, Johnny Boggs, Gil Bohrer, Paul V. Bolstad, Damien Bonal, Rosvel Bracho, Patricia Brito, Jason Brodeur, Fernando Casanoves, Jérôme Chave, Hui Chen, Cesar Cisneros, Kenneth Clark, Edoardo Cremonese, Hongzhong Dang, Jorge S. David, Teresa S. David, Nicolas Delpierre, Ankur R. Desai, Frederic C. Do, Michal Dohnal, Jean-Christophe Domec, Sebinasi Dzikiti, Colin Edgar, Rebekka Eichstaedt, Tarek S. El-Madany, Jan Elbers, Cleiton B. Eller, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Brent Ewers, Patrick Fonti, Alicia Forner, David I. Forrester, Helber C. Freitas, Marta Galvagno, Omar Garcia-Tejera, Chandra Prasad Ghimire, Teresa E. Gimeno, John Grace, André Granier, Anne Griebel, Yan Guangyu, Mark B. Gush, Paul J. Hanson, Niles J. Hasselquist, Ingo Heinrich, Virginia Hernandez-Santana, Valentine Herrmann, Teemu Hölttä, Friso Holwerda, James Irvine, Supat Isarangkool Na Ayutthaya, Paul G. Jarvis, Hubert Jochheim, Carlos A. Joly, Julia Kaplick, Hyun Seok Kim, Leif Klemedtsson, Heather Kropp, Fredrik Lagergren, Patrick Lane, Petra Lang, Andrei Lapenas, Víctor Lechuga, Minsu Lee, Christoph Leuschner, Jean-Marc Limousin, Juan Carlos Linares, Maj-Lena Linderson, Anders Lindroth, Pilar Llorens, Álvaro López-Bernal, Michael M. Loranty, Dietmar Lüttschwager, Cate Macinnis-Ng, Isabelle Maréchaux, Timothy A. Martin, Ashley Matheny, Nate McDowell, Sean McMahon, Patrick Meir, Ilona Mészáros, Mirco Migliavacca, Patrick Mitchell, Meelis Mölder, Leonardo Montagnani, Georgianne W. Moore, Ryogo Nakada, Furong Niu, Rachael H. Nolan, Richard Norby, Kimberly Novick, Walter Oberhuber, Nikolaus Obojes, A. Christopher Oishi, Rafael S. Oliveira, Ram Oren, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Teemu Paljakka, Oscar Perez-Priego, Pablo L. Peri, Richard L. Peters, Sebastian Pfautsch, William T. Pockman, Yakir Preisler, Katherine Rascher, George Robinson, Humberto Rocha, Alain Rocheteau, Alexander Röll, Bruno H. P. Rosado, Lucy Rowland, Alexey V. Rubtsov, Santiago Sabaté, Yann Salmon, Roberto L. Salomón, Elisenda Sánchez-Costa, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Bernhard Schuldt, Alexandr Shashkin, Clément Stahl, Marko Stojanović, Juan Carlos Suárez, Ge Sun, Justyna Szatniewska, Fyodor Tatarinov, Miroslav Tesař, Frank M. Thomas, Pantana Tor-ngern, Josef Urban, Fernando Valladares, Christiaan van der Tol, Ilja van Meerveld, Andrej Varlagin, Holm Voigt, Jeffrey Warren, Christiane Werner, Willy Werner, Gerhard Wieser, Lisa Wingate, Stan Wullschleger, Koong Yi, Roman Zweifel, Kathy Steppe, Maurizio Mencuccini, and Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2607–2649, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Transpiration is a key component of global water balance, but it is poorly constrained from available observations. We present SAPFLUXNET, the first global database of tree-level transpiration from sap flow measurements, containing 202 datasets and covering a wide range of ecological conditions. SAPFLUXNET and its accompanying R software package
sapfluxnetrwill facilitate new data syntheses on the ecological factors driving water use and drought responses of trees and forests.
Anna B. Harper, Karina E. Williams, Patrick C. McGuire, Maria Carolina Duran Rojas, Debbie Hemming, Anne Verhoef, Chris Huntingford, Lucy Rowland, Toby Marthews, Cleiton Breder Eller, Camilla Mathison, Rodolfo L. B. Nobrega, Nicola Gedney, Pier Luigi Vidale, Fred Otu-Larbi, Divya Pandey, Sebastien Garrigues, Azin Wright, Darren Slevin, Martin G. De Kauwe, Eleanor Blyth, Jonas Ardö, Andrew Black, Damien Bonal, Nina Buchmann, Benoit Burban, Kathrin Fuchs, Agnès de Grandcourt, Ivan Mammarella, Lutz Merbold, Leonardo Montagnani, Yann Nouvellon, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, and Georg Wohlfahrt
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3269–3294, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3269-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3269-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated 10 representations of soil moisture stress in the JULES land surface model against site observations of GPP and latent heat flux. Increasing the soil depth and plant access to deep soil moisture improved many aspects of the simulations, and we recommend these settings in future work using JULES. In addition, using soil matric potential presents the opportunity to include parameters specific to plant functional type to further improve modeled fluxes.
Lina Teckentrup, Martin G. De Kauwe, Andrew J. Pitman, and Benjamin Smith
Biogeosciences, 18, 2181–2203, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2181-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2181-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) describes changes in the sea surface temperature patterns of the Pacific Ocean. This influences the global weather, impacting vegetation on land. There are two types of El Niño: central Pacific (CP) and eastern Pacific (EP). In this study, we explored the long-term impacts on the carbon balance on land linked to the two El Niño types. Using a dynamic vegetation model, we simulated what would happen if only either CP or EP El Niño events had occurred.
Mengyuan Mu, Martin G. De Kauwe, Anna M. Ukkola, Andy J. Pitman, Teresa E. Gimeno, Belinda E. Medlyn, Dani Or, Jinyan Yang, and David S. Ellsworth
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 447–471, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-447-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-447-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Land surface model (LSM) is a critical tool to study land responses to droughts and heatwaves, but lacking comprehensive observations limited past model evaluations. Here we use a novel dataset at a water-limited site, evaluate a typical LSM with a range of competing model hypotheses widely used in LSMs and identify marked uncertainty due to the differing process assumptions. We show the extensive observations constrain model processes and allow better simulated land responses to these extremes.
Cited articles
Alexander, L., Zhang, X., Peterson, T., Caesar, J., Gleason, B., Klein Tank,
A., Haylock, M., Collins, D., Trewin, B., Rahimzadeh, F., Tagipour, A., Rupa
Kumar, K., Revadekar, J., Griffiths, G., Vincent, L., Stephenson, D. B.,
Burn, J., Aguilar, E., Brunet, M., Taylor, M., New, M., Zhai, P., Rusticucci,
M., and Vazquez-Aguirre, J. L.: Global observed changes in daily climate
extremes of temperature and precipitation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111,
D05109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006290, 2006.
Ameye, M., Wertin, T. M., Bauweraerts, I., McGuire, M. A., Teskey, R. O., and
Steppe, K.: The effect of induced heat waves on Pinus taeda and
Quercus rubra seedlings in ambient and elevated CO2
atmospheres, New Phytol., 196, 448–461, 2012.
Berbigier, P., Bonnefond, J.-M., and Mellmann, P.: CO2 and water
vapour fluxes for 2 years above Euroflux forest site, Agricult. Forest
Meteorol., 108, 183–197, 2001.
Cernusak, L. A., Ubierna, N., Jenkins, M. W., Garrity, S. R., Rahn, T.,
Powers, H. H., Hanson, D. T., Sevanto, S., Wong, S. C., McDowell, N. G., and
Farquhar, G. D.: Unsaturation of vapour pressure inside leaves of two conifer
species, Sci. Rep., 8, 7667–7673, 2018.
Ciais, Ph., Reichstein, M., Viovy, N., Granier, A., Ogee, J., Allard, V.,
Aubinet, M., Buchmann, N., Bernhofer, Chr., Carrara, A., Chevallier, F., De
Noblet, N., Friend, A. D., Friedlingstein, P., Grünwald, T., Heinesch,
B., Keronen, P., Knohl, A., Krinner, G., and Loustau, D.: Europe-wide
reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003,
Nature, 437, 529–533, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03972, 2005.
Cleverly, J., Boulain, N., Villalobos-Vega, R., Grant, N., Faux, R., Wood,
C., Cook, P. G., Yu, Q., Leigh, A., and Eamus, D.: Dynamics of component
carbon fluxes in a semi-arid Acacia woodland, central Australia,
J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 118, 1168–1185, 2013.
Coumou, D. and Robinson, A.: Historic and future increase in the global land
area affected by monthly heat extremes, Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 034018,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034018, 2013.
Cowan, I. R. and Farquhar, G. D.: Stomatal function in relation to leaf
metabolism and environment, in: Integration of Activity in the Higher Plant,
edited by: Jennings, D. H., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 471–505,
1977.
Curtis, E. M., Gollan, J., Murray, B. R., and Leigh, A.: Native microhabitats
better predict tolerance to warming than latitudinal macro-climatic variables
in arid-zone plants, J. Biogeogr., 43, 1156–1165, 2016.
De Kauwe, M. G., Medlyn, B. E., Zaehle, S., Walker, A. P., Dietze, M. C.,
Hickler, T., Jain, A. K., Luo, Y. , Parton, W. J., Prentice, I. C., Smith,
B., Thornton, P. E., Wang, S., Wang, Y. , Wårlind, D., Weng, E., Crous,
K. Y., Ellsworth, D. S., Hanson, P. J., Seok Kim, H., Warren, J. M., Oren,
R., and Norby, R. J. : Forest water use and water use efficiency at elevated
CO2: A model-data intercomparison at two contrasting temperate forest
FACE sites, Glob. Change Biol., 19, 1759–1779, 2013.
De Kauwe, M. G., Medlyn, B. E., Knauer, J., and Williams, C. A.: Ideas and
perspectives: how coupled is the vegetation to the boundary layer?,
Biogeosciences, 14, 4435–4453, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4435-2017,
2017.
De Kauwe, M. G.: mdekauwe/heat_extremes_decoupling: accepted (Version
v1.0), Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2563373, 2019.
Dekker, S. C., Bouten, W., and Schaap, M. G.: Analysing forest transpiration
model errors with artificial neural networks, J. Hydrol., 246, 197–208,
2001.
Dekker, S. C., Groenendijk, M., Booth, B. B. B., Huntingford, C., and Cox, P.
M.: Spatial and temporal variations in plant water-use efficiency inferred
from tree-ring, eddy covariance and atmospheric observations, Earth Syst.
Dynam., 7, 525–533, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-525-2016, 2016.
Dirmeyer, P. A., Gao, X., Zhao, M., Guo, Z. H., Oki, T., and Hanasaki, N.:
GSWP-2-multimodel analysis and implications for our perception of the land
surface, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 87, 1381–1397, 2006.
Donat, M. G., Pitman, A. J., and Seneviratne, S. I.: Regional warming of hot
extremes accelerated by surface energy fluxes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44,
7011–7019, 2017.
Drake, J. E., Tjoelker, M. G., Aspinwall, M. J., Reich, P. B., Barton, C. V.,
Medlyn, B. E., and Duursma, R. A.: Does physiological acclimation to climate
warming stabilize the ratio of canopy respiration to photosynthesis?, New
Phytol., 211, 850–863, 2016.
Drake, J. E., Vårhammar, A., Kumarathunge, D., Medlyn, B. E., Pfautsch,
S., Reich, P. B., Tissue, D. T., Ghannoum, O., and Tjoelker, M. G.: A common
thermal niche among geographically diverse populations of the widely
distributed tree species Eucalyptus tereticornis: No evidence for
adaptation to climate-of-origin, Glob. Change Biol., 23, 5069–5082, 2017.
Drake, J. E., Tjoelker, M. G., Vårhammar, A., Medlyn, B. E., Reich, P.
B., Leigh, A., Pfautsch, S., Blackman, C. J., López, R., Aspinwall, M.
J., Crous, K. Y., Duursma, R. A., Kumarathunge D., De Kauwe, M. G., Jiang,
M., Nicotra, A. B., Tissue, D. T., Choat, B., Atkin, O. K., and Barton, C. V.
M.: Trees tolerate an extreme heatwave via sustained transpirational cooling
and increased leaf thermal tolerance, Glob. Change Biol., 24, 2390–2402,
2018.
Duursma, R. A., Barton, C. V. M., Lin, Y.-S., Medlyn, B. E., Eamus, D.,
Tissue, D. T., Ellsworth, D. S., and McMurtrie, R. E.: The peaked response of
transpiration rate to vapour pressure deficit in field conditions can be
explained by the temperature optimum of photosynthesis, Agr. Forest
Meteorol., 189–190, 2–10, 2014.
Eder, F., Schmidt, M., Damian, T., Träumner, K., and Mauder, M.:
Mesoscale Eddies Affect Near-Surface Turbulent Exchange: Evidence from Lidar
and Tower Measurements, J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 54, 189–206, 2015.
Fischer, E., Seneviratne, S., Lüthi, D., and Schär, C.: Contribution
of land-atmosphere coupling to recent European summer heat waves, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 34, L06707, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL029068, 2007.
Flach, M., Sippel, S., Gans, F., Bastos, A., Brenning, A., Reichstein, M.,
and Mahecha, M. D.: Contrasting biosphere responses to hydrometeorological
extremes: revisiting the 2010 western Russian heatwave, Biogeosciences, 15,
6067–6085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6067-2018, 2018.
Foken, T.: The energy balance closure problem: an overview, Ecol. Appl., 18,
1351–1367, 2008.
Griebel, A., Bennett, L. T., Metzen, D., Cleverly, J., Burba, G., and Arndt,
S. K.: Effects of inhomogeneities within the flux footprint on the
interpretation of seasonal, annual, and interannual ecosystem carbon
exchange, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 221, 50–60, 2016.
Groenendijk, M., Dolman, A. J., Ammann, C., Arneth, A., Cescatti, A.,
Dragoni, D., Gash, J. H. C., Gianelle, D., Gioli, B., Kiely, G., Knohl, A.,
Law, B. E., Lund, M., Marcolla, B., Van Der Molen, M. K., Montagnani, L.,
Moors, E., Richardson, A. D., Roupsard, O., Verbeeck, H., and Wohlfahrt, G.:
Seasonal varia- tion of photosynthetic model parameters and leaf area index
from global Fluxnet eddy covariance data, J. Geophys. Res., 116, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001742, 2011.
Hendricks-Franssen, H. J., Stöckli, R., Lehner, I., Rotenberg, E.,
Seneviratne, S. I.: Energy balance closure of eddy-covariance data: a
multisite analysis for European FLUXNET stations, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 150,
1553–1567, 2010.
Isaac, P., Cleverly, J., McHugh, I., van Gorsel, E., Ewenz, C., and Beringer,
J.: OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation,
Biogeosciences, 14, 2903–2928, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017,
2017.
Jarvis, P. and McNaughton, K.: Stomatal control of transpiration: Scaling up
from leaf to region, JAdv. Ecol. Res., 15, 1–49, 1986.
Kala, J., De Kauwe, M. G., Pitman, A. J., Medlyn, B. E., Wang, Y.-P., Lorenz,
R., and Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. E.: Impact of the representation of stomatal
conductance on model projections of heatwave intensity, Sci. Rep., 6, 1–7,
2016.
Katul, G. G., Palmroth, S., and Oren, R.: Leaf stomatal responses to vapour
pressure deficit under current and CO2-enriched atmosphere explained
by the economics of gas exchange, Plant Cell Environ., 32, 968–979, 2009.
Keenan T. F., Hollinger, D. Y., Bohrer, G., Dragoni, D., Munger, J. W.,
Schmid, H. P., Richardson, A. D., Keeling, B. C. D., Bacastow, R. B.,
Bainbridge, A. E., Ekdahl, C. A., Guenther, P. R., and Waterman, L. E. E. S.:
Increase in forest water-use efficiency as atmospheric carbon dioxide
concentrations rise, Nature, 499, 324–327, 2013.
Klein Tank, A. M. G., Zwiers, F. W., and Zhang, X.: Guidelines on Analysis of
extremes in a changing climate in support of informed decisions for
adaptation, Geneva, Switzerland, 2009.
Kowalski, A. S.: The boundary condition for vertical velocity and its
interdependence with surface gas exchange, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17,
8177–8187, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8177-2017, 2017.
Knauer, J., Zaehle, S., Medlyn, B. E., Reichstein, M., Williams, C. A.,
Migliavacca, M., De Kauwe, M. G., Werner, C., Keitel, C., Kolari, P.,
Limousin, J.-M., and Linderson, M.-L.: Towards physiologically meaningful
water-use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Glob. Change Biol.,
24, 694–710, 2017.
Kumarathunge, D. P., Medlyn, B. E., Drake, J. E., Tjoelker, M. G., Aspinwall,
M. J., Battaglia, M., Cano, F. J., Carter, K. R., Cavaleri, M. A., Cernusak,
L. A., Chambers, J. Q., Crous, K. Y., De Kauwe, M. G., Dillaway, D. N.,
Dreyer, E., Ellsworth, D. S., Ghannoum, O., Han, Q., Hikosaka, K. Jensen, A.
M., Kelly, J. W. G., Kruger, E. L., Mercado, L. M., Onoda, Y., Reich, P. B.,
Rogers, A., Slot, M., Smith, N. G., Tarvainen, L., Tissue, D. T., Togashi, H.
F., Tribuzy, E. S., Uddling, J., Vårhammar, A., Wallin, G., Warren, J.
M., and Way, D. A.: Acclimation and adaptation components of the temperature
dependence of plant photosynthesis at the global scale, New Phytol.,
https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15668, online first, 2019.
Law, B. E., Falge, E., Gu, L., Baldocchi, D. D., Bakwin, P., Berbigier, P.,
Davis, K., Dolman, A. J., Falk, M., Fuentes, J. D., Goldstein, A., Granier,
A., Grelle, A., Hollinger, D., Janssens, I. A., Jarvis, P., Jensen, N. O.,
Katul, G., Mahli, Y., Matteucci, G., Meyers, T., Monson, R., Munger, W., and
Oechel, W.: Environmental controls over carbon dioxide and water vapor
exchange of terrestrial vegetation, Agr. For. Meteorol., 113, 97–120, 2002.
Lin, Y.-S., Medlyn, B. E., and Ellsworth, D. S.: Temperature responses of
leaf net photosynthesis: The role of component processes, Tree Physiol., 32,
219–231, 2012.
Lloyd, J.: Modeling stomatal responses to environment in Macadamia
integrifolia, Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 18, 649–660, 1991.
Lorenz, R., Jaeger, E. B., and Seneviratne, S. I.: Persistence of heat waves
and its link to soil moisture memory, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L09703,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL042764, 2010.
Macfarlane, C.: Great Western Woodlands OzFlux: Australian and New Zealand
Flux Research and Monitoring, hdl: 102.100.100/14226, 2013.
McHugh, I. D., Beringer, J., Cunningham, S. C., Baker, P. J., Cavagnaro, T.
R., Mac Nally, R., and Thompson, R. M.: Interactions between nocturnal
turbulent flux, storage and advection at an “ideal” eucalypt woodland site,
Biogeosciences, 14, 3027–3050, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3027-2017,
2017.
Medlyn, B. E., Duursma, R. A., Eamus, D., Ellsworth, D. S., Prentice, I. C.,
Barton, C. V., Crous, K. Y., De Angelis, P., Freeman, M., and Wingate, L.:
Reconciling the optimal and empirical approaches to modelling stomatal
conductance, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 2134–2144, 2011.
Medlyn, B. E., De Kauwe, M. G., Lin, Y., Knauer, J., Duursma, R. A.,
Williams, C. A., Arneth, A., Clement, R., Isaac, P., Limousin, J., Linderson,
M., Meir, P., Martin-StPaul, N., and Wingate, L.: How do leaf and ecosystem
measures of water-use efficiency compare?, New Phytol., 216, 758–770, 2017.
Merbold, L., Ardö, J., Arneth, A., Scholes, R. J., Nouvellon, Y., de
Grandcourt, A., Archibald, S., Bonnefond, J. M., Boulain, N., Brueggemann,
N., Bruemmer, C., Cappelaere, B., Ceschia, E., El-Khidir, H. A. M., El-Tahir,
B. A., Falk, U., Lloyd, J., Kergoat, L., Le Dantec, V., Mougin, E., Muchinda,
M., Mukelabai, M. M., Ramier, D., Roupsard, O., Timouk, F., Veenendaal, E.
M., and Kutsch, W. L.: Precipitation as driver of carbon fluxes in 11 African
ecosystems, Biogeosciences, 6, 1027–1041,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1027-2009, 2009.
Meyer, W., Kondrlovà, E., and Koerber, G.: Evaporation of perennial
semi-arid woodland in southeastern Australia is adapted for irregular but
common dry periods, Hydrol. Proc., 29, 3714–3726, 2015.
Miralles, D., van den Berg, M., Teuling, A., and de Jeu, R.: Soil
moisture-temperature coupling: A multiscale observational analysis, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 39, L21707, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053703, 2012.
Miralles, D. G., Teuling, A. J., Van Heerwaarden, C. C., and de Arellano, J.
V.-G.: Mega-heatwave temperatures due to combined soil desiccation and
atmospheric heat accumulation, Nat. Geosci., 7, 345–349, 2014.
Oren, R., Sperry, J. S., Katul, G. G., Pataki, D. E., Ewers, B. E., Phillips,
N., and Schäfer, K. V.: Survey and synthesis of intra- and interspecific
variation in stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit, Plant Cell
Environ., 22, 1515–1526, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00513.x, 1999.
O'Sullivan, O. S., Heskel, M. A., Reich, P. B., Tjoelker, M. G., Weerasinghe,
L. K., Penillard, A., Zhu, L., Egerton, J. J., Bloomfield, K. J., Creek, D.,
Bahar, N. H., Griffin, K. L., Hurry, V., Meir, P., Turnbull, M. H., and
Atkin, O. K.: Thermal limits of leaf metabolism across biomes, Glob. Change
Biol., 23, 209–223, 2017.
Perkins, S., Alexander, L., and Nairn, J.: Increasing frequency, intensity
and duration of observed global heatwaves and warm spells, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 39, L20714, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053361, 2012.
Perkins, S. E.: A review on the scientific understanding of heatwaves—their
measurement, driving mechanisms, and changes at the global scale, Atmos.
Res., 164, 242–267, 2015.
Rambal, S., Joffre, R., Ourcival, J., Cavender-Bares, J., and Rocheteau, A.:
The growth respiration component in eddy CO2 flux from a quercus ilex
mediterranean forest, Glob. Change Biol., 10, 1460–1469, 2004.
Rey, A., Pegoraro, E., Tedeschi, V., De Parri, I., Jarvis, P. G., and
Valentini, R.: Annual variation in soil respiration and its components in a
coppice oak forest in central Italy, Glob. Change Biol., 8, 851–866, 2002.
Sabbatini, S., Arriga, N., Bertolini, T., Castaldi, S., Chiti, T., Consalvo,
C., Njakou Djomo, S., Gioli, B., Matteucci, G., and Papale, D.: Greenhouse
gas balance of cropland conversion to bioenergy poplar short-rotation
coppice, Biogeosciences, 13, 95–113, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-95-2016,
2016.
Schmid, H. P., Grimmond, C. S. B., Cropley, F., Offerle, B., and Su, H.-B.:
Measurements of CO2 and energy fluxes over a mixed hardwood forest in
the mid-western United States, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 103, 357–374, 2000.
Seneviratne, S. I., Luethi, D., Litschi, M., and Schaer, C.: Land-atmosphere
coupling and climate change in Europe, Nature, 443, 205–209, 2006.
Silberstein, R.: Gingin OzFlux: Australian and New Zealand Flux Research and
Monitoring, hdl: 102.100.100/22677, 2015.
Sillmann, J., Kharin, V. V., Zwiers, F. W., Zhang, X., and Bronaugh, D.:
Climate extremes indices in the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble: Part 2. Future
climate projections, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 2473–2493, 2013.
Sperry, J. S., Venturas, M. D., Anderegg, W. R., Mencuccini, M., Mackay, D.
S., Wang, Y., and Love, D. M.: Predicting stomatal responses to the
environment from the optimization of photosynthetic gain and hydraulic cost,
Plant Cell Environ., 40, 816–830, 2017.
Tatarinov, F., Rotenberg, E., Maseyk, K., Ogée, J., Klein, T., and Yakir,
D.: Resilience to seasonal heat wave episodes in a Mediterranean pine forest,
New Phytol., 210, 485–496, 2016.
Teuling, A. J., Seneviratne, S. I., Stöckli, R., Reichstein, M., Moors,
E., Ciais, P., Luyssaert, S., van den Hurk, B., Ammann, C., Bern- hofer, C.,
Dellwik, E., Gianelle, D., Gielen, B., Grünwald, T., Klumpp, K.,
Montagnani, L., Moureaux, C., Sottocornola, M., and Wohlfahrt, G.:
Contrasting response of European forest and grassland energy exchange to
heatwaves, Nat. Geosci., 3, 722–727, 2010.
Trewavas, A.: What is plant behaviour? Plant Cell Environ., 32, 606–616,
2009.
Ukkola, A. M., Haughton, N., De Kauwe, M. G., Abramowitz, G., and Pitman, A.
J.: FluxnetLSM R package (v1.0): a community tool for processing FLUXNET data
for use in land surface modelling, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3379–3390,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3379-2017, 2017.
Urban, J., Ingwers, M. W., McGuire, M. A., and Teskey, R. O.: Increase in
leaf temperature opens stomata and decouples net photosynthesis from stomatal
conductance in pinus taeda and populus deltoides × nigra, J. Exp.
Bot., 68, 1757–1767, 2017.
van Heerwaarden, C. C. and Teuling, A. J.: Disentangling the response of
forest and grassland energy exchange to heatwaves under idealized
land–atmosphere coupling, Biogeosciences, 11, 6159–6171,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6159-2014, 2014.
von Buttlar, J., Zscheischler, J., Rammig, A., Sippel, S., Reichstein, M.,
Knohl, A., Jung, M., Menzer, O., Arain, M. A., Buchmann, N., Cescatti, A.,
Gianelle, D., Kiely, G., Law, B. E., Magliulo, V., Margolis, H., McCaughey,
H., Merbold, L., Migliavacca, M., Montagnani, L., Oechel, W., Pavelka, M.,
Peichl, M., Rambal, S., Raschi, A., Scott, R. L., Vaccari, F. P., van Gorsel,
E., Varlagin, A., Wohlfahrt, G., and Mahecha, M. D.: Impacts of droughts and
extreme-temperature events on gross primary production and ecosystem
respiration: a systematic assessment across ecosystems and climate zones,
Biogeosciences, 15, 1293–1318, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1293-2018,
2018.
von Caemmerer, S. and Evans, J. R.: Temperature responses of mesophyll
conductance differ greatly between species, Plant Cell Environ., 38,
629–637, 2015.
Weston, D. J. and Bauerle, W. L.: Inhibition and acclimation of C3
photosynthesis to moderate heat: a perspective from thermally contrasting
genotypes of Acer rubrum L. (red maple), Tree Physiol., 27, 1083–1092, 2007.
Williams, M., Bond, B., and Ryan, M.: Evaluating different soil and plant
hydraulic constraints on tree function using a model and sap flow data from
ponderosa pine, Plant Cell Amp. Environ., 24, 679–690, 2001.
Wilson, K., Goldstein, A., Falge, E., Aubinet, M., Baldocchi, D., Berbigier,
P., Bernhofer, C., Ceulemans, R., Dolman, H., Field, C., Grelle, A., Ibrom,
A., Law, B. E., Kowalski, A., Meyers, T., Moncrieff, J., Monson, R., Oechel,
W., Tenhunen, J., Valentini, R., and Verma, S.: Energy balance closure at
FLUXNET sites, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 113, 223–243, 2002.
Wohlfahrt, G., Haslwanter, A., Hörtnagl, L., Jasoni, R. L., Fenster-
maker, L. F., Arnone, J. A., and Hammerle, A.: On the consequences of the
energy imbalance for calculating surface conductance to water vapour, Agr.
Forest Meteorol., 149, 1556–1559, 2009.
Wolf, S., Eugster, W., Ammann, C., Häni, M., Zielis, S., Hiller, R.,
Stieger, J., Imer, D., Merbold, L., and Buchmann, N.: Contrasting response of
grassland versus forest carbon and water fluxes to spring drought in
Switzerland, Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 035007,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035007, 2013.
Wolf, A., Anderegg, W. R. L., and Pacala, S. W.: Optimal stomatal behavior
with competition for water and risk of hydraulic impairment, P. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA, 113, E7222–E7230, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615144113, 2016
Yu, G.-R., Wen, X.-F., Sun, X.-M., Tanner, B. D., Lee, X., and Chen, J.-Y.:
Overview of Chinaflux and evaluation of its eddy covariance measurement, Agr.
Forest Meteorol., 137, 125–137, 2006.
Zhou, S., Yu, B., Huang, Y., and Wang, G.: The effect of vapor pressure
deficit on water use efficiency at the subdaily time scale, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 41, 5005–5013, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060741, 2014.
Zhou, S., Yu, B., Huang, Y., and Wang, G.: Daily underlying water use
efficiency for AmeriFlux sites, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci., 120, 887–902,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG002947, 2015.
Zhu, L., Bloomfield, K. J., Hocart, C. H., Egerton, J. J. G., O'Sullivan, O.
S., Penillard, A., Weerasinghe, L. K., and Atkin, O. K.: Plasticity of
photosynthetic heat tolerance in plants adapted to thermally contrasting
biomes, Plant Cell Environ., 18, 1251–1262, 2018.
Download
The requested paper has a corresponding corrigendum published. Please read the corrigendum first before downloading the article.
- Article
(2287 KB) - Full-text XML
- Corrigendum
-
Supplement
(464 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
Short summary
Recent experimental evidence suggests that during heat extremes, trees may reduce photosynthesis to near zero but increase transpiration. Using eddy covariance data and examining the 3 days leading up to a temperature extreme, we found evidence of reduced photosynthesis and sustained or increased latent heat fluxes at Australian wooded flux sites. However, when focusing on heatwaves, we were unable to disentangle photosynthetic decoupling from the effect of increasing vapour pressure deficit.
Recent experimental evidence suggests that during heat extremes, trees may reduce photosynthesis...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint