Intercomparison of methods to estimate gross primary production based on CO<sub>2</sub> and COS flux measurements

Kohonen, Kukka-Maaria; Dewar, Roderick; Tramontana, Gianluca; Mauranen, Aleksanteri; Kolari, Pasi; Kooijmans, Linda M. J.; Papale, Dario; Vesala, Timo; Mammarella, Ivan

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4067-2022

Articles | Volume 19, issue 17

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Articles | Volume 19, issue 17

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4067-2022

Articles | Volume 19, issue 17

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Peer review
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Research article

01 Sep 2022

Research article |

| 01 Sep 2022

Intercomparison of methods to estimate gross primary production based on CO₂ and COS flux measurements

Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Roderick Dewar, Gianluca Tramontana, Aleksanteri Mauranen, Pasi Kolari, Linda M. J. Kooijmans, Dario Papale, Timo Vesala, and Ivan Mammarella

Kukka-Maaria Kohonen

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

kukka-maaria.kohonen@helsinki.fi

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9258-1225

Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Roderick Dewar

Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

Gianluca Tramontana

Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), Parc Científic Universitat de València, Universitat de València, Paterna, Spain

Terrasystem s.r.l, Viterbo, Italy

Aleksanteri Mauranen

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4435-3230

Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Pasi Kolari

Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Linda M. J. Kooijmans

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4758-3368

Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands

Dario Papale

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5170-8648

DIBAF, Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy

IAFES, Euro-Mediterranean Center for Climate Change (CMCC), Viterbo, Italy

Timo Vesala

Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Ivan Mammarella

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8516-3356

Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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PDF: 788
XML: 78
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BibTeX: 54
EndNote: 67

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Total article views: 2,124 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

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HTML: 1,640
PDF: 431
XML: 53
Total: 2,124
BibTeX: 39
EndNote: 53

Views and downloads (calculated since 01 Sep 2022)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Sep 2022	273	83	5	361
Oct 2022	59	10	0	69
Nov 2022	61	20	1	82
Dec 2022	32	24	0	56
Jan 2023	23	5	0	28
Feb 2023	25	11	1	37
Mar 2023	30	11	0	41
Apr 2023	30	11	0	41
May 2023	23	12	2	37
Jun 2023	36	11	1	48
Jul 2023	29	8	0	37
Aug 2023	23	12	2	37
Sep 2023	30	16	0	46
Oct 2023	21	17	1	39
Nov 2023	15	8	0	23
Dec 2023	38	14	2	54
Jan 2024	31	13	1	45
Feb 2024	20	10	1	31
Mar 2024	30	11	1	42
Apr 2024	32	12	2	46
May 2024	39	10	9	58
Jun 2024	57	8	2	67
Jul 2024	364	13	5	382
Aug 2024	36	7	2	45
Sep 2024	38	18	1	57
Oct 2024	82	7	4	93
Nov 2024	49	10	2	61
Dec 2024	22	3	2	27
Jan 2025	34	14	3	51
Feb 2025	36	9	1	46
Mar 2025	22	13	2	37

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 01 Sep 2022)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Sep 2022	273	83	5	361
Oct 2022	59	10	0	69
Nov 2022	61	20	1	82
Dec 2022	32	24	0	56
Jan 2023	23	5	0	28
Feb 2023	25	11	1	37
Mar 2023	30	11	0	41
Apr 2023	30	11	0	41
May 2023	23	12	2	37
Jun 2023	36	11	1	48
Jul 2023	29	8	0	37
Aug 2023	23	12	2	37
Sep 2023	30	16	0	46
Oct 2023	21	17	1	39
Nov 2023	15	8	0	23
Dec 2023	38	14	2	54
Jan 2024	31	13	1	45
Feb 2024	20	10	1	31
Mar 2024	30	11	1	42
Apr 2024	32	12	2	46
May 2024	39	10	9	58
Jun 2024	57	8	2	67
Jul 2024	364	13	5	382
Aug 2024	36	7	2	45
Sep 2024	38	18	1	57
Oct 2024	82	7	4	93
Nov 2024	49	10	2	61
Dec 2024	22	3	2	27
Jan 2025	34	14	3	51
Feb 2025	36	9	1	46
Mar 2025	22	13	2	37

Total article views: 939 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

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557	357	25	939	15	14

HTML: 557
PDF: 357
XML: 25
Total: 939
BibTeX: 15
EndNote: 14

Views and downloads (calculated since 04 Feb 2022)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Sep 2022	273	83	5	361
Oct 2022	59	10	0	69
Nov 2022	61	20	1	82
Dec 2022	32	24	0	56
Jan 2023	23	5	0	28
Feb 2023	25	11	1	37
Mar 2023	30	11	0	41
Apr 2023	30	11	0	41
May 2023	23	12	2	37
Jun 2023	36	11	1	48
Jul 2023	29	8	0	37
Aug 2023	23	12	2	37
Sep 2023	30	16	0	46
Oct 2023	21	17	1	39
Nov 2023	15	8	0	23
Dec 2023	38	14	2	54
Jan 2024	31	13	1	45
Feb 2024	20	10	1	31
Mar 2024	30	11	1	42
Apr 2024	32	12	2	46
May 2024	39	10	9	58
Jun 2024	57	8	2	67
Jul 2024	364	13	5	382
Aug 2024	36	7	2	45
Sep 2024	38	18	1	57
Oct 2024	82	7	4	93
Nov 2024	49	10	2	61
Dec 2024	22	3	2	27
Jan 2025	34	14	3	51
Feb 2025	36	9	1	46
Mar 2025	22	13	2	37

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 04 Feb 2022)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Sep 2022	273	83	5	361
Oct 2022	59	10	0	69
Nov 2022	61	20	1	82
Dec 2022	32	24	0	56
Jan 2023	23	5	0	28
Feb 2023	25	11	1	37
Mar 2023	30	11	0	41
Apr 2023	30	11	0	41
May 2023	23	12	2	37
Jun 2023	36	11	1	48
Jul 2023	29	8	0	37
Aug 2023	23	12	2	37
Sep 2023	30	16	0	46
Oct 2023	21	17	1	39
Nov 2023	15	8	0	23
Dec 2023	38	14	2	54
Jan 2024	31	13	1	45
Feb 2024	20	10	1	31
Mar 2024	30	11	1	42
Apr 2024	32	12	2	46
May 2024	39	10	9	58
Jun 2024	57	8	2	67
Jul 2024	364	13	5	382
Aug 2024	36	7	2	45
Sep 2024	38	18	1	57
Oct 2024	82	7	4	93
Nov 2024	49	10	2	61
Dec 2024	22	3	2	27
Jan 2025	34	14	3	51
Feb 2025	36	9	1	46
Mar 2025	22	13	2	37

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Total article views: 3,063 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 2,960 with geography defined and 103 with unknown origin.

Total article views: 2,124 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 2,089 with geography defined and 35 with unknown origin.

Total article views: 939 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 871 with geography defined and 68 with unknown origin.

Country	#	Views	%
China	1	800	26
United States of America	2	726	23
Germany	3	155	5
Finland	4	149	4
Netherlands	5	129	4

Country	#	Views	%
China	1	724	34
United States of America	2	458	21
Finland	3	103	4
Germany	4	92	4
India	5	71	3

Country	#	Views	%
United States of America	1	268	28
China	2	76	8
Netherlands	3	64	6
Germany	4	63	6
Finland	5	46	4


Total:	0
HTML:	0
PDF:	0
XML:	0

800


Total:	0
HTML:	0
PDF:	0
XML:	0

724


Total:	0
HTML:	0
PDF:	0
XML:	0

268

Cited

Show all Final revised paper only Preprint only

11 citations as recorded by crossref.

Diurnal variability of atmospheric O2, CO2, and their exchange ratio above a boreal forest in southern Finland K. Faassen et al. 10.5194/acp-23-851-2023
Technical note: Novel estimates of the leaf relative uptake rate of carbonyl sulfide from optimality theory G. Wohlfahrt et al. 10.5194/bg-20-589-2023
Carbon uptake of an urban green space inferred from carbonyl sulfide fluxes J. Soininen et al. 10.1038/s41612-025-00958-5
Optimizing the carbonic anhydrase temperature response and stomatal conductance of carbonyl sulfide leaf uptake in the Simple Biosphere model (SiB4) A. Cho et al. 10.5194/bg-20-2573-2023
Intercomparison of methods to estimate gross primary production based on CO2 and COS flux measurements K. Kohonen et al. 10.5194/bg-19-4067-2022
Remote sensing-based assessment of land degradation and drought impacts over terrestrial ecosystems in Northeastern Brazil M. de Oliveira et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155490
Assessing and optimizing the potential for climate change mitigation and carbon sequestration in urban residential green spaces: energizing sustainable cities H. Liu et al. 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1519297
Carbon and Water Fluxes of the Boreal Evergreen Needleleaf Forest Biome Constrained by Assimilating Ecosystem Carbonyl Sulfide Flux Observations C. Abadie et al. 10.1029/2023JG007407
Assimilation of carbonyl sulfide (COS) fluxes within the adjoint-based data assimilation system – Nanjing University Carbon Assimilation System (NUCAS v1.0) H. Zhu et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-6337-2024
Separating above-canopy CO2 and O2 measurements into their atmospheric and biospheric signatures K. Faassen et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024
Optimizing the terrestrial ecosystem gross primary productivity using carbonyl sulfide (COS) within a two-leaf modeling framework H. Zhu et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3735-2024

11 citations as recorded by crossref.

Diurnal variability of atmospheric O2, CO2, and their exchange ratio above a boreal forest in southern Finland K. Faassen et al. 10.5194/acp-23-851-2023
Technical note: Novel estimates of the leaf relative uptake rate of carbonyl sulfide from optimality theory G. Wohlfahrt et al. 10.5194/bg-20-589-2023
Carbon uptake of an urban green space inferred from carbonyl sulfide fluxes J. Soininen et al. 10.1038/s41612-025-00958-5
Optimizing the carbonic anhydrase temperature response and stomatal conductance of carbonyl sulfide leaf uptake in the Simple Biosphere model (SiB4) A. Cho et al. 10.5194/bg-20-2573-2023
Intercomparison of methods to estimate gross primary production based on CO2 and COS flux measurements K. Kohonen et al. 10.5194/bg-19-4067-2022
Remote sensing-based assessment of land degradation and drought impacts over terrestrial ecosystems in Northeastern Brazil M. de Oliveira et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155490
Assessing and optimizing the potential for climate change mitigation and carbon sequestration in urban residential green spaces: energizing sustainable cities H. Liu et al. 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1519297
Carbon and Water Fluxes of the Boreal Evergreen Needleleaf Forest Biome Constrained by Assimilating Ecosystem Carbonyl Sulfide Flux Observations C. Abadie et al. 10.1029/2023JG007407
Assimilation of carbonyl sulfide (COS) fluxes within the adjoint-based data assimilation system – Nanjing University Carbon Assimilation System (NUCAS v1.0) H. Zhu et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-6337-2024
Separating above-canopy CO2 and O2 measurements into their atmospheric and biospheric signatures K. Faassen et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024
Optimizing the terrestrial ecosystem gross primary productivity using carbonyl sulfide (COS) within a two-leaf modeling framework H. Zhu et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3735-2024

Latest update: 31 Mar 2025

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Short summary

Four different methods for quantifying photosynthesis (GPP) at ecosystem scale were tested, of which two are based on carbon dioxide (CO₂) and two on carbonyl sulfide (COS) flux measurements. CO₂-based methods are traditional partitioning, and a new method uses machine learning. We introduce a novel method for calculating GPP from COS fluxes, with potentially better applicability than the former methods. Both COS-based methods gave on average higher GPP estimates than the CO₂-based estimates.

Four different methods for quantifying photosynthesis (GPP) at ecosystem scale were tested, of...