Articles | Volume 20, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Apr 2023
Research article |
| 03 Apr 2023
| 03 Apr 2023
The representation of alkalinity and the carbonate pump from CMIP5 to CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for the carbon cycle
Alban Planchat
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
LMD-IPSL, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supeìrieure/PSL Res. Université, Ecole
Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
Lester Kwiatkowski
LOCEAN Laboratory, Sorbonne Université-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Paris,
75005, France
Laurent Bopp
LMD-IPSL, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supeìrieure/PSL Res. Université, Ecole
Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
Olivier Torres
LMD-IPSL, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supeìrieure/PSL Res. Université, Ecole
Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
James R. Christian
Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Victoria, BC,
Canada
Momme Butenschön
Ocean Modeling and Data Assimilation Division, Fondazione Centro
Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), Bologna, Italy
Tomas Lovato
Ocean Modeling and Data Assimilation Division, Fondazione Centro
Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), Bologna, Italy
Roland Séférian
CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS,
Toulouse, France
Matthew A. Chamberlain
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia
Olivier Aumont
LOCEAN Laboratory, Sorbonne Université-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Paris,
75005, France
Michio Watanabe
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Akitomo Yamamoto
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Andrew Yool
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO13 3ZH, UK
Tatiana Ilyina
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstraße 53, 20146
Hamburg, Germany
Hiroyuki Tsujino
JMA Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Kristen M. Krumhardt
Climate and Global Dynamics, National Center for Atmospheric
Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Jörg Schwinger
NORCE Climate and Environment, Bjerknes Centre for Climate
Research, Bergen, Norway
Jerry Tjiputra
NORCE Climate and Environment, Bjerknes Centre for Climate
Research, Bergen, Norway
John P. Dunne
NOAA/OAR Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
Charles Stock
NOAA/OAR Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
Viewed
Total article views: 5,646 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 04 Nov 2022)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,579 | 970 | 97 | 5,646 | 129 | 104 | 111 |
- HTML: 4,579
- PDF: 970
- XML: 97
- Total: 5,646
- Supplement: 129
- BibTeX: 104
- EndNote: 111
Total article views: 4,762 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 03 Apr 2023)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,971 | 714 | 77 | 4,762 | 88 | 96 | 104 |
- HTML: 3,971
- PDF: 714
- XML: 77
- Total: 4,762
- Supplement: 88
- BibTeX: 96
- EndNote: 104
Total article views: 884 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 04 Nov 2022)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 608 | 256 | 20 | 884 | 41 | 8 | 7 |
- HTML: 608
- PDF: 256
- XML: 20
- Total: 884
- Supplement: 41
- BibTeX: 8
- EndNote: 7
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 5,646 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 5,607 with geography defined
and 39 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 4,762 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,731 with geography defined
and 31 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 884 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 876 with geography defined
and 8 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
23 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Presentation, calibration and testing of the DCESS II Earth system model of intermediate complexity (version 1.0) E. Fernández Villanueva & G. Shaffer 10.5194/gmd-18-2161-2025
- Declining coral calcification to enhance twenty-first-century ocean carbon uptake by gigatonnes L. Kwiatkowski et al. 10.1073/pnas.2501562122
- Enhanced biological pump and carbonate pump synergy: The primary pathway for phosphorus clearance in the century-long dynamics of a karst lake H. He et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104694
- The carbonate pump feedback on alkalinity and the carbon cycle in the 21st century and beyond A. Planchat et al. 10.5194/esd-15-565-2024
- Progression of ocean interior acidification over the industrial era J. Müller & N. Gruber 10.1126/sciadv.ado3103
- Contrasting carbon dioxide removal potential and nutrient feedbacks of simulated ocean alkalinity enhancement and macroalgae afforestation L. Kwiatkowski et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad08f9
- Monitoring, reporting, and verification for ocean alkalinity enhancement D. Ho et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-12-2023
- Climate change and terrigenous inputs decrease the efficiency of the future Arctic Ocean’s biological carbon pump L. Oziel et al. 10.1038/s41558-024-02233-6
- Regionally distinct drivers of the carbonate system dynamics in the Drake Passage and northern Antarctic Peninsula L. Arbilla et al. 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104070
- Interactions between ocean alkalinity enhancement and phytoplankton in an Earth system model M. Seifert et al. 10.5194/bg-22-5897-2025
- The biological and preformed carbon pumps in perpetually slower and warmer oceans B. Pasquier et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3373-2024
- Inadequacies in the representation of sub-seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in Earth system models M. Keerthi et al. 10.5194/bg-22-2163-2025
- Machine learning reveals regime shifts in future ocean carbon dioxide fluxes inter-annual variability D. Couespel et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01257-2
- Calcifying plankton: From biomineralization to global change P. Ziveri et al. 10.1126/science.adq8520
- A fresh look at the pre-industrial air–sea carbon flux using the alkalinity budget A. Planchat et al. 10.5194/bg-22-6017-2025
- Carbon capture by biological methods X. Liang et al. 10.1017/cat.2025.10005
- Total alkalinity change: The perspective of phytoplankton stoichiometry D. Wolf‐Gladrow & C. Klaas 10.1002/lno.12597
- Impact of Increased Horizontal Resolution of an Ocean Model on Carbon Circulation in the North Pacific Ocean H. Tsujino et al. 10.1029/2023MS003720
- More Frequent Abrupt Marine Environmental Changes Expected C. Heinze et al. 10.1029/2023GL106192
- Future climate projections in the global coastal ocean J. Holt et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103497
- Alkalinity biases in CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for simulated CO2 drawdown via artificial alkalinity enhancement C. Hinrichs et al. 10.5194/bg-20-3717-2023
- Constraining CaCO3 Export and Dissolution With an Ocean Alkalinity Inverse Model H. Liang et al. 10.1029/2022GB007535
- Global Surface Ocean Acidification Indicators From 1750 to 2100 L. Jiang et al. 10.1029/2022MS003563
21 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Presentation, calibration and testing of the DCESS II Earth system model of intermediate complexity (version 1.0) E. Fernández Villanueva & G. Shaffer 10.5194/gmd-18-2161-2025
- Declining coral calcification to enhance twenty-first-century ocean carbon uptake by gigatonnes L. Kwiatkowski et al. 10.1073/pnas.2501562122
- Enhanced biological pump and carbonate pump synergy: The primary pathway for phosphorus clearance in the century-long dynamics of a karst lake H. He et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104694
- The carbonate pump feedback on alkalinity and the carbon cycle in the 21st century and beyond A. Planchat et al. 10.5194/esd-15-565-2024
- Progression of ocean interior acidification over the industrial era J. Müller & N. Gruber 10.1126/sciadv.ado3103
- Contrasting carbon dioxide removal potential and nutrient feedbacks of simulated ocean alkalinity enhancement and macroalgae afforestation L. Kwiatkowski et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad08f9
- Monitoring, reporting, and verification for ocean alkalinity enhancement D. Ho et al. 10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-12-2023
- Climate change and terrigenous inputs decrease the efficiency of the future Arctic Ocean’s biological carbon pump L. Oziel et al. 10.1038/s41558-024-02233-6
- Regionally distinct drivers of the carbonate system dynamics in the Drake Passage and northern Antarctic Peninsula L. Arbilla et al. 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2025.104070
- Interactions between ocean alkalinity enhancement and phytoplankton in an Earth system model M. Seifert et al. 10.5194/bg-22-5897-2025
- The biological and preformed carbon pumps in perpetually slower and warmer oceans B. Pasquier et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3373-2024
- Inadequacies in the representation of sub-seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in Earth system models M. Keerthi et al. 10.5194/bg-22-2163-2025
- Machine learning reveals regime shifts in future ocean carbon dioxide fluxes inter-annual variability D. Couespel et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01257-2
- Calcifying plankton: From biomineralization to global change P. Ziveri et al. 10.1126/science.adq8520
- A fresh look at the pre-industrial air–sea carbon flux using the alkalinity budget A. Planchat et al. 10.5194/bg-22-6017-2025
- Carbon capture by biological methods X. Liang et al. 10.1017/cat.2025.10005
- Total alkalinity change: The perspective of phytoplankton stoichiometry D. Wolf‐Gladrow & C. Klaas 10.1002/lno.12597
- Impact of Increased Horizontal Resolution of an Ocean Model on Carbon Circulation in the North Pacific Ocean H. Tsujino et al. 10.1029/2023MS003720
- More Frequent Abrupt Marine Environmental Changes Expected C. Heinze et al. 10.1029/2023GL106192
- Future climate projections in the global coastal ocean J. Holt et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103497
- Alkalinity biases in CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for simulated CO2 drawdown via artificial alkalinity enhancement C. Hinrichs et al. 10.5194/bg-20-3717-2023
Latest update: 31 Oct 2025
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity is critical to the uptake of atmospheric carbon and acidification in surface waters. We review the representation of alkalinity and the associated calcium carbonate cycle in Earth system models. While many parameterizations remain present in the latest generation of models, there is a general improvement in the simulated alkalinity distribution. This improvement is related to an increase in the export of biotic calcium carbonate, which closer resembles observations.
Ocean alkalinity is critical to the uptake of atmospheric carbon and acidification in surface...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint