Articles | Volume 21, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1613-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1613-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Diurnal versus spatial variability of greenhouse gas emissions from an anthropogenically modified lowland river in Germany
Matthias Koschorreck
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Magdeburg, Germany
Norbert Kamjunke
Department River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Magdeburg, Germany
Uta Koedel
Department Monitoring & Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
Michael Rode
Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Magdeburg, Germany
Claudia Schuetze
Department Monitoring & Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
Ingeborg Bussmann
Department Shelf Sea System Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Related authors
Patrick Aurich, Uwe Spank, and Matthias Koschorreck
Biogeosciences, 22, 1697–1709, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1697-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1697-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes can be sources and sinks of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. The gas exchange between the atmosphere and the water can be measured by taking gas samples from them. However, the depth of water samples is not well defined, which may cause errors. We hypothesized that gradients of CO2 concentrations develop under the surface when wind speeds are very low. Our measurements show that such a gradient can occur on calm nights, potentially shifting lakes from a CO2 sink to a source.
Matthias Koschorreck, Klaus Holger Knorr, and Lelaina Teichert
Biogeosciences, 19, 5221–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5221-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
At low water levels, parts of the bottom of rivers fall dry. These beaches or mudflats emit the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. We found that those emissions are caused by microbial reactions in the sediment and that they change with time. Emissions were influenced by many factors like temperature, water level, rain, plants, and light.
Matthias Koschorreck, Yves T. Prairie, Jihyeon Kim, and Rafael Marcé
Biogeosciences, 18, 1619–1627, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1619-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1619-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in water samples is often measured using a gas chromatograph. Depending on the chemical composition of the water, this method can produce wrong results. We quantified the possible error and how it depends on water composition and the analytical procedure. We propose a method to correct wrong results by additionally analysing alkalinity in the samples. We provide an easily usable computer code to perform the correction calculations.
Domenico Miglino, Seifeddine Jomaa, Michael Rode, Khim Cathleen Saddi, Francesco Isgrò, and Salvatore Manfreda
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 4133–4151, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4133-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4133-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Turbidity is a key factor for water quality monitoring. Here, an image-based procedure is tested in a full-scale river monitoring experiment using digital cameras. This approach can enhance our understanding of the real-time status of waterbodies, overcoming the spatial and temporal resolution limitations of existing methods. It also facilitates early-warning systems, advances water research through increased data availability and reduces operating costs.
Camille Minaudo, Andras Abonyi, Carles Alcaraz, Jacob Diamond, Nicholas J. K. Howden, Michael Rode, Estela Romero, Vincent Thieu, Fred Worrall, Qian Zhang, and Xavier Benito
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3411–3430, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3411-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3411-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Many waterbodies undergo nutrient decline, called oligotrophication, globally, but a comprehensive dataset to understand ecosystem responses is lacking. The OLIGOTREND database comprises multi-decadal chlorophyll a and nutrient time series from rivers, lakes, and estuaries with 4.3 million observations from 1894 unique measurement locations. The database provides empirical evidence for oligotrophication responses with a spatial and temporal coverage that exceeds previous efforts.
Patrick Aurich, Uwe Spank, and Matthias Koschorreck
Biogeosciences, 22, 1697–1709, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1697-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1697-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes can be sources and sinks of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. The gas exchange between the atmosphere and the water can be measured by taking gas samples from them. However, the depth of water samples is not well defined, which may cause errors. We hypothesized that gradients of CO2 concentrations develop under the surface when wind speeds are very low. Our measurements show that such a gradient can occur on calm nights, potentially shifting lakes from a CO2 sink to a source.
Jingshui Huang, Dietrich Borchardt, and Michael Rode
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-656, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-656, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is increasing low flows, yet how streams respond remains poorly understood. Using sensors in a German stream during the extreme 2018 drought, we found hotter water, more algae, and lower oxygen and nitrate levels. Daily oxygen swings intensified, and algae on the riverbed boosted gross primary productivity. Nitrate removal got more efficient. These changes highlight risks to water quality and ecosystems as droughts worsen, aiding efforts to protect rivers in a warming world.
Lydia Stolpmann, Ingmar Nitze, Ingeborg Bussmann, Benjamin M. Jones, Josefine Lenz, Hanno Meyer, Juliane Wolter, and Guido Grosse
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2822, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2822, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We combine hydrochemical and lake change data to show consequences of permafrost thaw induced lake changes on hydrochemistry, which are relevant for the global carbon cycle. We found higher methane concentrations in lakes that do not freeze to the ground and show that lagoons have lower methane concentrations than lakes. Our detailed lake sampling approach show higher concentrations in Dissolved Organic Carbon in areas of higher erosion rates, that might increase under the climate warming.
Ingeborg Bussmann, Eric P. Achterberg, Holger Brix, Nicolas Brüggemann, Götz Flöser, Claudia Schütze, and Philipp Fischer
Biogeosciences, 21, 3819–3838, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3819-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3819-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas and contributes to climate warming. However, the input of CH4 from coastal areas to the atmosphere is not well defined. Dissolved and atmospheric CH4 was determined at high spatial resolution in or above the North Sea. The atmospheric CH4 concentration was mainly influenced by wind direction. With our detailed study on the spatial distribution of CH4 fluxes we were able to provide a detailed and more realistic estimation of coastal CH4 fluxes.
Michael Rode, Jörg Tittel, Frido Reinstorf, Michael Schubert, Kay Knöller, Benjamin Gilfedder, Florian Merensky-Pöhlein, and Andreas Musolff
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1261–1277, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1261-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1261-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Agricultural catchments show elevated phosphorus (P) concentrations during summer low flow. In an agricultural stream, we found that phosphorus in groundwater was a major source of stream water phosphorus during low flow, and stream sediments derived from farmland are unlikely to have increased stream phosphorus concentrations during low water. We found no evidence that riparian wetlands contributed to soluble reactive (SR) P loads. Agricultural phosphorus was largely buffered in the soil zone.
Carolin Winter, Tam V. Nguyen, Andreas Musolff, Stefanie R. Lutz, Michael Rode, Rohini Kumar, and Jan H. Fleckenstein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 303–318, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-303-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-303-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The increasing frequency of severe and prolonged droughts threatens our freshwater resources. While we understand drought impacts on water quantity, its effects on water quality remain largely unknown. Here, we studied the impact of the unprecedented 2018–2019 drought in Central Europe on nitrate export in a heterogeneous mesoscale catchment in Germany. We show that severe drought can reduce a catchment's capacity to retain nitrogen, intensifying the internal pollution and export of nitrate.
Matthias Koschorreck, Klaus Holger Knorr, and Lelaina Teichert
Biogeosciences, 19, 5221–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5221-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
At low water levels, parts of the bottom of rivers fall dry. These beaches or mudflats emit the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. We found that those emissions are caused by microbial reactions in the sediment and that they change with time. Emissions were influenced by many factors like temperature, water level, rain, plants, and light.
Jingshui Huang, Dietrich Borchardt, and Michael Rode
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5817–5833, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5817-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5817-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we set up a water quality model using a 5-year paired high-frequency water quality dataset from a large agricultural stream. The simulations were compared with the 15 min interval measurements and showed very good fits. Based on these, we quantified the N uptake pathway rates and efficiencies at daily, seasonal, and yearly scales. This study offers an overarching understanding of N processing in large agricultural streams across different temporal scales.
Andreas Wieser, Andreas Güntner, Peter Dietrich, Jan Handwerker, Dina Khordakova, Uta Ködel, Martin Kohler, Hannes Mollenhauer, Bernhard Mühr, Erik Nixdorf, Marvin Reich, Christian Rolf, Martin Schrön, Claudia Schütze, and Ute Weber
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-131, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-131, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
We present an event-triggered observation concept which covers the entire process chain from heavy precipitation to flooding at the catchment scale. It combines flexible and mobile observing systems out of the fields of meteorology, hydrology and geophysics with stationary networks to capture atmospheric transport processes, heterogeneous precipitation patterns, land surface and subsurface storage processes, and runoff dynamics.
Ines Spangenberg, Pier Paul Overduin, Ellen Damm, Ingeborg Bussmann, Hanno Meyer, Susanne Liebner, Michael Angelopoulos, Boris K. Biskaborn, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, and Guido Grosse
The Cryosphere, 15, 1607–1625, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Thermokarst lakes are common on ice-rich permafrost. Many studies have shown that they are sources of methane to the atmosphere. Although they are usually covered by ice, little is known about what happens to methane in winter. We studied how much methane is contained in the ice of a thermokarst lake, a thermokarst lagoon and offshore. Methane concentrations differed strongly, depending on water body type. Microbes can also oxidize methane in ice and lower the concentrations during winter.
Ingeborg Bussmann, Irina Fedorova, Bennet Juhls, Pier Paul Overduin, and Matthias Winkel
Biogeosciences, 18, 2047–2061, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2047-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2047-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic rivers, lakes, and bays are affected by a warming climate. We measured the amount and consumption of methane in waters from Siberia under ice cover and in open water. In the lake, methane concentrations under ice cover were much higher than in summer, and methane consumption was highest. The ice cover leads to higher methane concentration under ice. In a warmer Arctic, there will be more time with open water when methane is consumed by bacteria, and less methane will escape into the air.
Matthias Koschorreck, Yves T. Prairie, Jihyeon Kim, and Rafael Marcé
Biogeosciences, 18, 1619–1627, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1619-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1619-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in water samples is often measured using a gas chromatograph. Depending on the chemical composition of the water, this method can produce wrong results. We quantified the possible error and how it depends on water composition and the analytical procedure. We propose a method to correct wrong results by additionally analysing alkalinity in the samples. We provide an easily usable computer code to perform the correction calculations.
Cited articles
Attermeyer, K., Casas-Ruiz, J. P., Fuss, T., Pastor, A., Cauvy-Fraunié, S., Sheath, D., Nydahl, A. C., Doretto, A., Portela, A. P., Doyle, B. C., Simov, N., Gutmann Roberts, C., Niedrist, G. H., Timoner, X., Evtimova, V., Barral-Fraga, L., Bašić, T., Audet, J., Deininger, A., Busst, G., Fenoglio, S., Catalán, N., de Eyto, E., Pilotto, F., Mor, J.-R., Monteiro, J., Fletcher, D., Noss, C., Colls, M., Nagler, M., Liu, L., Romero González-Quijano, C., Romero, F., Pansch, N., Ledesma, J. L. J., Pegg, J., Klaus, M., Freixa, A., Herrero Ortega, S., Mendoza-Lera, C., Bednařík, A., Fonvielle, J. A., Gilbert, P. J., Kenderov, L. A., Rulík, M., and Bodmer, P.: Carbon dioxide fluxes increase from day to night across European streams, Commun. Earth Environ., 2, 118, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00192-w, 2021.
Barbosa, P. M., Melack, J. M., Amaral, J. H. F., Linkhorst, A., and Forsberg, B. R.: Large Seasonal and Habitat Differences in Methane Ebullition on the Amazon Floodplain, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo, 126, e2020JG005911, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005911, 2021.
Bartoscheck, T., Fehrenbach, D., and Fehrenbach, J.: Das Sensebook-Buch – 12 Projekte rund um Sensoren, Dpunkt Verlag, Heidelberg, ISBN: 978-3-86490-684-8, 2019.
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., and Walker, S.: Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4, J. Stat. Softw., 67, 1–48, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01, 2015.
Battin, T. J., Lauerwald, R., Bernhardt, E. S., Bertuzzo, E., Gener, L. G., Hall, R. O., Hotchkiss, E. R., Maavara, T., Pavelsky, T. M., Ran, L., Raymond, P., Rosentreter, J. A., and Regnier, P.: River ecosystem metabolism and carbon biogeochemistry in a changing world, Nature, 613, 449–459, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05500-8, 2023.
Bolpagni, R., Folegot, S., Laini, A., and Bartoli, M.: Role of ephemeral vegetation of emerging river bottoms in modulating CO2 exchanges across a temperate large lowland river stretch, Aquat. Sci., 79, 149–158, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-016-0486-z, 2017.
Bolpagni, R., Laini, A., Mutti, T., Viaroli, P., and Bartoli, M.: Connectivity and habitat typology drive CO2 and CH4 fluxes across land–water interfaces in lowland rivers, Ecohydrology, 12, e2036, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2036, 2019.
Broman, E., Barua, R., Donald, D., Roth, F., Humborg, C., Norkko, A., Jilbert, T., Bonaglia, S., and Nascimento, F. J. A.: No evidence of light inhibition on aerobic methanotrophs in coastal sediments using eDNA and eRNA, Environ. DNA, 5, 766–781, https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.441, 2023.
Bussmann, I., Koedel, U., Schütze, C., Kamjunke, N., and Koschorreck, M.: Spatial Variability and Hotspots of Methane Concentrations in a Large Temperate River, Front. Env. Sci.-Switz., 10, 833936, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.833936, 2022.
Canning, A., Wehrli, B., and Körtzinger, A.: Methane in the Danube Delta: the importance of spatial patterns and diel cycles for atmospheric emission estimates, Biogeosciences, 18, 3961–3979, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3961-2021, 2021.
Demars, B. O. L., Thompson, J., and Manson, J. R.: Stream metabolism and the open diel oxygen method: Principles, practice, and perspectives, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 13, 356–374, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10030, 2015.
Gómez-Gener, L., Obrador, B., von Schiller, D., Marce, R., Casas-Ruiz, J. P., Proia, L., Acuna, V., Catalan, N., Munoz, I., and Koschorreck, M.: Hot spots for carbon emissions from Mediterranean fluvial networks during summer drought, Biogeochemistry, 125, 409–426, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-015-0139-7, 2015.
Gómez-Gener, L., Rocher-Ros, G., Battin, T., Cohen, M. J., Dalmagro, H. J., Dinsmore, K. J., Drake, T. W., Duvert, C., Enrich-Prast, A., Horgby, Å., Johnson, M. S., Kirk, L., Machado-Silva, F., Marzolf, N. S., McDowell, M. J., McDowell, W. H., Miettinen, H., Ojala, A. K., Peter, H., Pumpanen, J., Ran, L., Riveros-Iregui, D. A., Santos, I. R., Six, J., Stanley, E. H., Wallin, M. B., White, S. A., and Sponseller, R. A.: Global carbon dioxide efflux from rivers enhanced by high nocturnal emissions, Nat. Geosci., 14, 289–294, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00722-3, 2021.
Hanson, P. J., Edwards, N. T., Garten, C. T., and Andrews, J. A.: Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: A review of methods and observations, Biogeochemistry, 48, 115–146, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006244819642, 2000.
Haque, M. M., Begum, M. S., Nayna, O. K., Tareq, S. M., and Park, J.-H.: Seasonal shifts in diurnal variations of pCO2 and O2 in the lower Ganges River, Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett., 7, 191–201, https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10246, 2022.
Henning, M. and Hentschel, B.: Sedimentation and flow patterns induced by regular and modified groynes on the River Elbe, Germany, Ecohydrology, 6, 598–610, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1398, 2013.
Honkanen, M., Müller, J. D., Seppälä, J., Rehder, G., Kielosto, S., Ylöstalo, P., Mäkelä, T., Hatakka, J., and Laakso, L.: The diurnal cycle of pCO2 in the coastal region of the Baltic Sea, Ocean Sci., 17, 1657–1675, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1657-2021, 2021.
Hope, D., Palmer, S. M., Billett, M. F., and Dawson, J. J. C.: Carbon dioxide and methane evasion from a temperate peatland stream, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 847–857, 2001.
Huotari, J., Haapanala, S., Pumpanen, J., Vesala, T., and Ojala, A.: Efficient gas exchange between a boreal river and the atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5683–5686, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL057705, 2013.
IPCC: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M. I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K., Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J. B. R., Maycock, T. K., Waterfield, T., Yelekçi, O., Yu, R., and Zhou, B., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896, 2021.
Ishaque, M.: Intermediates of denitrification in the chemoautotrph Thiobacillus denitrificans, Arch. Microbiol., 94, 269–282, 1973.
Keller, P. S., Catalán, N., von Schiller, D., Grossart, H. P., Koschorreck, M., Obrador, B., Frassl, M. A., Karakaya, N., Barros, N., Howitt, J. A., Mendoza-Lera, C., Pastor, A., Flaim, G., Aben, R., Riis, T., Arce, M. I., Onandia, G., Paranaíba, J. R., Linkhorst, A., del Campo, R., Amado, A. M., Cauvy-Fraunié, S., Brothers, S., Condon, J., Mendonça, R. F., Reverey, F., Rõõm, E. I., Datry, T., Roland, F., Laas, A., Obertegger, U., Park, J. H., Wang, H., Kosten, S., Gómez, R., Feijoó, C., Elosegi, A., Sánchez-Montoya, M. M., Finlayson, C. M., Melita, M., Oliveira Junior, E. S., Muniz, C. C., Gómez-Gener, L., Leigh, C., Zhang, Q., and Marcé, R.: Global CO2 emissions from dry inland waters share common drivers across ecosystems, Nat. Commun., 11, 2126, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15929-y, 2020.
Kleinwächter, M., Schröder, U., Rödiger, S., Hentwchel, B., and Anlauf, A.: Buhnen in der Elbe und ihre Umgestaltung, in: Alternative Buhnenformen in der Elbe – hydraulische und ökologische Wirkungen, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, ISBN: 978-3-510-65327-0, 2017.
Koedel, U. and Schütze, C.: Soil respiration data measured with LI-7810 Trace Gas Analyzer in Tangermuende/Germany in August, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10069195, 2023.
Koschorreck, M., Prairie, Y. T., Kim, J., and Marce, R.: Technical note: CO2 is not like CH4 – limits of and corrections to the headspace method to analyse pCO2 in fresh water, Biogeosciences, 18, 1619–1627, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1619-2021, 2021.
Koschorreck, M., Knorr, K. H., and Teichert, L.: Temporal patterns and drivers of CO2 emission from dry sediments in agroyne field of a large river, Biogeosciences, 19, 5221–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5221-2022, 2022.
Liu, S., Kuhn, C., Amatulli, G., Aho, K., Butman, D. E., Allen, G. H., Lin, P., Pan, M., Yamazaki, D., Brinkerhoff, C., Gleason, C., Xia, X., and Raymond, P. A.: The importance of hydrology in routing terrestrial carbon to the atmosphere via global streams and rivers, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 119, e2106322119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2106322119, 2022.
Lorke, A., Bodmer, P., Noss, C., Alshboul, Z., Koschorreck, M., Somlai-Haase, C., Bastviken, D., Flury, S., McGinnis, D. F., Maeck, A., Mueller, D., and Premke, K.: Technical note: drifting versus anchored flux chambers for measuring greenhouse gas emissions from running waters, Biogeosciences, 12, 7013–7024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7013-2015, 2015.
Machado dos Santos Pinto, R., Weigelhofer, G., Diaz-Pines, E., Guerreiro Brito, A., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., and Hein, T.: River-floodplain restoration and hydrological effects on GHG emissions: Biogeochemical dynamics in the parafluvial zone, Sci. Total Environ., 715, 136980, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136980, 2020.
Maeck, A., DelSontro, T., McGinnis, D. F., Fischer, H., Flury, S., Schmidt, M., Fietzek, P., and Lorke, A.: Sediment Trapping by Dams Creates Methane Emission Hot Spots, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 8130–8137, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es4003907, 2013.
Maeck, A., Hofmann, H., and Lorke, A.: Pumping methane out of aquatic sediments – ebullition forcing mechanisms in an impounded river, Biogeosciences, 11, 2925–2938, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2925-2014, 2014.
Maier, M. S., Teodoru, C. R., and Wehrli, B.: Spatio-temporal variations in lateral and atmospheric carbon fluxes from the Danube Delta, Biogeosciences, 18, 1417–1437, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1417-2021, 2021.
Mallast, U., Staniek, M., and Koschorreck, M.: Spatial upscaling of CO2 emissions from exposed river sediments of the Elbe River during an extreme drought, Ecohydrology, 13, e2216, 10.1002/eco.2216, 2020.
Marcé, R., Obrador, B., Gómez-Gener, L., Catalán, N., Koschorreck, M., Arce, M. I., Singer, G., and von Schiller, D.: Emissions from dry inland waters are a blind spot in the global carbon cycle, Earth-Sci. Rev., 188, 240–248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.11.012, 2019.
Matoušů, A., Rulík, M., Tušer, M., Bednařík, A., Šimek, K., and Bussmann, I.: Methane dynamics in a large river: a case study of the Elbe River, Aquat. Sci., 81, 12, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-018-0609-9, 2019.
Migne, A., Gevaert, F., Creach, A., Spilmont, N., Chevalier, E., and Davoult, D.: Photosynthetic activity of intertidal microphytobenthic communities during emersion: in situ measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence (PAM) and CO2 flux (IRGA), J. Phycol., 43, 864–873, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00379.x, 2007.
Molodtsov, S., Anis, A., Li, D., Korets, M., Panov, A., Prokushkin, A., Yvon-Lewis, S., and Amon, R. M. W.: Estimation of gas exchange coefficients from observations on the Yenisei River, Russia, Limnol. Oceanogr. Method., 20, 781–788, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10519, 2022.
Palmer, M. and Ruhi, A.: Measuring Earth's rivers, Science, 361, 546–547, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau3842, 2018.
Paranaíba, J. R., Aben, R., Barros, N., Quadra, G., Linkhorst, A., Amado, A. M., Brothers, S., Catalán, N., Condon, J., Finlayson, C. M., Grossart, H.-P., Howitt, J., Oliveira Junior, E. S., Keller, P. S., Koschorreck, M., Laas, A., Leigh, C., Marcé, R., Mendonça, R., Muniz, C. C., Obrador, B., Onandia, G., Raymundo, D., Reverey, F., Roland, F., Rõõm, E.-I., Sobek, S., von Schiller, D., Wang, H., and Kosten, S.: Cross-continental importance of CH4 emissions from dry inland-waters, Sci. Total Environ., 814, 151925, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151925, 2021.
Phillips, C. L., Nickerson, N., Risk, D., and Bond, B. J.: Interpreting diel hysteresis between soil respiration and temperature, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 515–527, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02250.x, 2011.
Pusch, M. and Fischer, H.: Stoffdynamik und Habitatstruktur in der Elbe, Weißensee Verlag, Berlin, ISBN: 978-3-510-65302-7, 2006.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, version 4.3.1, https://www.R-project.org/, 2016.
Raymond, P. A. and Cole, J. J.: Gas exchange in rivers and estuaries: Choosing a gas transfer velocity, Estuaries, 24, 312–317, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352954, 2001.
Raymond, P. A., Zappa, C. J., Butman, D., Bott, T. L., Potter, J., Mulholland, P., Laursen, A. E., McDowell, W. H., and Newbold, D.: Scaling the gas transfer velocity and hydraulic geometry in streams and small rivers, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Fluid. Environ., 2, 41–53, 2012.
Raymond, P. A., Hartmann, J., Lauerwald, R., Sobek, S., McDonald, C., Hoover, M., Butman, D., Striegl, R., Mayorga, E., Humborg, C., Kortelainen, P., Durr, H., Meybeck, M., Ciais, P., and Guth, P.: Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters, Nature, 503, 355–359, https://doi.org/10.1038/Nature12760, 2013.
Rocher-Ros, G., Stanley, E. H., Loken, L. C., Casson, N. J., Raymond, P. A., Liu, S., Amatulli, G., and Sponseller, R. A.: Global methane emissions from rivers and streams, Nature, 621, 530–535, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06344-6, 2023.
Rosentreter, J. A., Borges, A. V., Deemer, B. R., Holgerson, M. A., Liu, S., Song, C., Melack, J., Raymond, P. A., Duarte, C. M., Allen, G. H., Olefeldt, D., Poulter, B., Battin, T. I., and Eyre, B. D.: Half of global methane emissions come from highly variable aquatic ecosystem sources, Nat. Geosci., 14, 225–230, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00715-2, 2021.
Sander, R.: Compilation of Henry's law constants (version 4.0) for water as solvent, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 4399–4981, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4399-2015, 2015.
Staniek, M.: Spatial distribution of greenhouse gas concentrations along two characteristic Elbe segments, bachelor, Institute of Geoscience and Geography, MLU, Halle, Martin Luther University of Halle, 2018.
Stanley, E. H., Casson, N. J., Christel, S. T., Crawford, J. T., Loken, L. C., and Oliver, S. K.: The ecology of methane in streams and rivers: patterns, controls, and global significance, Ecol. Monogr., 86, 146–171, https://doi.org/10.1890/15-1027.1, 2016.
Stanley, E. H., Loken, L. C., Casson, N. J., Oliver, S. K., Sponseller, R. A., Wallin, M. B., Zhang, L. W., and Rocher-Ros, G.: GRiMeDB: the Global River Methane Database of concentrations and fluxes, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2879–2926, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2879-2023, 2023.
Tang, M. and Kristensen, E.: Impact of microphytobenthos and macroinfauna on temporal variation of benthic metabolism in shallow coastal sediments, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 349, 99–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2007.05.011, 2007.
UNESCO/IHA: GHG Measurement Guidlines for Freshwater Reservoirs, edited by: Goldenfum, J. A., UNESCO, International Hydropower Association, 138 pp., ISBN: 978-0-9566228-0-8, 2010.
Weigold, F. and Baborowski, M.: Consequences of delayed mixing for quality assessment of river water: Example Mulde-Saale-Elbe, J. Hydrol., 369, 296–304, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.039, 2009.
Wohl, E. and Iskin, E.: Patterns of Floodplain Spatial Heterogeneity in the Southern Rockies, USA, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 5864–5870, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl083140, 2019.
Short summary
We measured the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from different sites at the river Elbe in Germany over 3 days to find out what is more important for quantification: small-scale spatial variability or diurnal temporal variability. We found that CO2 emissions were very different between day and night, while CH4 emissions were more different between sites. Dried out river sediments contributed to CO2 emissions, while the side areas of the river were important CH4 sources.
We measured the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from different sites at the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint