Articles | Volume 22, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-4349-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-4349-2025
Research article
 | 
04 Sep 2025
Research article |  | 04 Sep 2025

Forestlines in Italian mountains are shifting upward: detection and monitoring using satellite time series

Lorena Baglioni, Donato Morresi, Matteo Garbarino, Carlo Urbinati, Emanuele Lingua, Raffaella Marzano, and Alessandro Vitali

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Cited articles

Ameztegui, A., Coll, L., Brotons, L., and Ninot, J. M.: Land-use legacies rather than climate change are driving the recent upward shift of the mountain tree line in the Pyrenees, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 25, 263–273, https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12407, 2016. 
Anselmetto, N., Sibona, E. M., Meloni, F., Gagliardi, L., Bocca, M., and Garbarino, M.: Land Use Modeling Predicts Divergent Patterns of Change Between Upper and Lower Elevations in a Subalpine Watershed of the Alps, Ecosystems, 25, 1295–1310, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-021-00716-7, 2022. 
Arekhi, M., Yesil, A., Ozkan, U. Y., and Balik Sanli, F.: Detecting treeline dynamics in response to climate warming using forest stand maps and Landsat data in a temperate forest, Forest Ecosystems, 5, 23, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-018-0141-3, 2018. 
Bader, M. Y., Llambí, L. D., Case, B. S., Buckley, H. L., Toivonen, J. M., Camarero, J. J., Cairns, D. M., Brown, C. D., Wiegand, T., and Resler, L. M.: A global framework for linking alpine-treeline ecotone patterns to underlying processes, Ecography, 44, 265–292, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05285, 2021. 
Bayle, A., Gascoin, S., Berner, L. T., and Choler, P.: Landsat-based greening trends in alpine ecosystems are inflated by multidecadal increases in summer observations, Ecography, 2024, e07394, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07394, 2024. 
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Short summary
We propose a method for the automated detection of the uppermost forest lines with the aim of supporting their monitoring through a replicable mapping that can be adopted in different geographical contexts and at different scales of analysis according to the available datasets. We adopted a trend analysis of Landsat-based wetness and greenness index time series of the last 40 years, detecting an increase in forest cover along the forest line ecotone in both the Italian Alps and the Apennines.
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