Articles | Volume 22, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-863-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-863-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Reviews and syntheses
| 
18 Feb 2025
Reviews and syntheses |
| 18 Feb 2025
| 18 Feb 2025
Reviews and syntheses: Review of proxies for low-oxygen paleoceanographic reconstructions
Babette A.A. Hoogakker
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
Yi Wang
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
Stephanie Kusch
Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Quebec Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
Katrina Nilsson-Kerr
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, 5007, Norway
Dalton S. Hardisty
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Allison Jacobel
Department of Earth and Climate Sciences, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
Dharma Reyes Macaya
The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Campus San Miguel, Talca, 3460000, Chile
Nicolaas Glock
Institute for Geology, Department of Earth System Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Sha Ni
Institute for Geology, Department of Earth System Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Julio Sepúlveda
Department of Geological Sciences and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Abby Ren
Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
Alexandra Auderset
School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
Anya V. Hess
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
Katrin J. Meissner
Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Jorge Cardich
CIDIS - Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
Robert Anderson
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
Christine Barras
Univ Angers, Nantes Université, Le Mans Univ, CNRS, UMR 6112, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, 49000 Angers, France
Chandranath Basak
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
Harold J. Bradbury
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
Inda Brinkmann
Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, 223 63, Sweden
Alexis Castillo
Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Campus San Miguel, Talca, 3460000, Chile
Madelyn Cook
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Kassandra Costa
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA
Constance Choquel
Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
Paula Diz
Centro de Investigación Mariña, XM1, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
Jonas Donnenfield
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
Felix J. Elling
Leibniz-Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Stable Isotope Research, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel,24118 Kiel, Germany
Zeynep Erdem
Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 't Horntje (Texel), Den Hoorn, 1797 SZ, the Netherlands
Helena L. Filipsson
Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, 223 63, Sweden
Sebastián Garrido
The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
Julia Gottschalk
Institute of Geosciences, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
Anjaly Govindankutty Menon
Institute for Geology, Department of Earth System Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Jeroen Groeneveld
Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
Christian Hallmann
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
Ingrid Hendy
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Rick Hennekam
Department of Ocean Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg (Texel), 1790 AB, the Netherlands
Wanyi Lu
State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Jean Lynch-Stieglitz
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Lélia Matos
Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
Marine Geology and Georesources Division, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Lisbon, 1495-165, Portugal
Alfredo Martínez-García
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
Giulia Molina
Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
Marine Geology and Georesources Division, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Lisbon, 1495-165, Portugal
Práxedes Muñoz
Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, 1780000, Chile
Simone Moretti
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
Jennifer Morford
Chemistry Department, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
Sophie Nuber
Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
Svetlana Radionovskaya
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB23EQ, UK
Morgan Reed Raven
Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
Christopher J. Somes
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany
Anja S. Studer
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
Kazuyo Tachikawa
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, 13545, France
Raúl Tapia
Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
Martin Tetard
GNS Science, Lower Hutt, 5011, Aotearoa / New Zealand
Tyler Vollmer
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Xingchen Wang
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, 1 Fairway Drive, Boston, MA 02467, USA
Shuzhuang Wu
Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Yan Zhang
Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
Xin-Yuan Zheng
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Yuxin Zhou
Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Short summary
Paleo-oxygen proxies can extend current records, constrain pre-anthropogenic baselines, provide datasets necessary to test climate models under different boundary conditions, and ultimately understand how ocean oxygenation responds on longer timescales. Here we summarize current proxies used for the reconstruction of Cenozoic seawater oxygen levels. This includes an overview of the proxy's history, how it works, resources required, limitations, and future recommendations.
Paleo-oxygen proxies can extend current records, constrain pre-anthropogenic baselines, provide...
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