Articles | Volume 23, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1931-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1931-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Spatial heterogeneity of GHG dynamics across an estuarine ecosystem
Nicolas-Xavier Geilfus
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Bruno Delille
Chemical Oceanography Unit, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
Anna Villnäs
Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Alf Norkko
Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Dana Hellemann, Xiaole Sun, Tom Jilbert, Eva Ehrnsten, Lora Harris, Bo Gustafsson, Christoph Humborg, and Alf Norkko
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-959, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-959, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
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Using model-simulations and field data, we assess the effect of past eutrophication on present and future ammonium dynamics in coastal sediments of the Baltic Sea and their impact on the coastal ecosystem. Our results indicate a clear eutrophication legacy effect on the persistence of ammonium being released from the sediment to the water column, particularly under oxygen deficiency, with long-lasting effects into the far future and thus important implications for ecosystem recovery measures.
Margaret F. Williamson, Tom Jilbert, Alf Norkko, and Camilla Gustafsson
Biogeosciences, 23, 1327–1340, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1327-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1327-2026, 2026
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Reed bed carbon (C) storage is a topic of interest due to increased global distribution of reeds. C budgets to combat climate change often catalog reed beds as saltmarshes. Our findings show that reed beds are unique from saltmarshes, C storage is highest in reed bed sediments, and that reed bed zones may impact C storage. Further research into reed bed C is needed to better combat climate change and to ensure reeds are managed in a way that does not release excess C.
Maija Peltola, Roseline Thakur, Kurt Spence, Janne Lampilahti, Ronja Mäkelä, Sasu Karttunen, Ekaterina Ezhova, Sami Haapanala, Aki Vähä, Juha Kangasluoma, Tommy Chan, Pauli Paasonen, Joanna Norkko, Alf Norkko, Markku Kulmala, and Mikael Ehn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 489–513, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-489-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-489-2026, 2026
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Here, we report aerosol properties from a new atmospheric observatory established at the Finnish Baltic Sea Coast. Aerosol formation was observed when air masses crossed over the continent whereas less newly formed particles were observed when the winds were from the sea. Aerosol formation was favoured by low condensation sink and sunny dry conditions.
Jan-Victor Björkqvist, Mari Savela, Heidi Pettersson, Victor Alari, and Alf Norkko
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2936, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2936, 2025
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Strong motions caused by surface waves can set the material at the bottom in motion. How strong the wave motions need to be depends on the bottom type, for example mud or sand. We estimated how often wave can lift particles from the bottom. Tests with sea floor samples in the laboratory showed that the required wave force can be much larger in reality compared to models that are only based on the grain size of the sea floor. These differences are explained by biological activity at the bottom.
Roseline C. Thakur, Lubna Dada, Lisa J. Beck, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Tommy Chan, Marjan Marbouti, Xu-Cheng He, Carlton Xavier, Juha Sulo, Janne Lampilahti, Markus Lampimäki, Yee Jun Tham, Nina Sarnela, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Alf Norkko, Markku Kulmala, Mikko Sipilä, and Tuija Jokinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6365–6391, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6365-2022, 2022
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Every year intense cyanobacterial and macroalgal blooms occur in the Baltic Sea and in the coastal areas surrounding Helsinki, yet no studies have addressed the impact of biogenic emissions from these blooms on gas vapor concentrations, which in turn could influence new particle formation. This is the first study of its kind to address the chemistry driving new particle formation (NPF) during a bloom period in this region, highlighting the role of biogenic sulfuric acid and iodic acid.
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Short summary
Coastal ecosystems strongly influence the global carbon cycle but remain poorly quantified. We measured surface pCO₂, CH₄, and N₂O concentrations in southwest Finland across an estuarine ecosystem. Greenhouse gases concentrations varied with salinity and habitat type. Riverine inputs and mixing with seawater, and primary production shaped greenhouse gases dynamics, emphasizing benthic control as a key yet uncertain driver of coastal carbon fluxes.
Coastal ecosystems strongly influence the global carbon cycle but remain poorly quantified. We...
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