Biogeosciences
Biogeosciences
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Articles | Volume 21, issue 22
Articles | Volume 21, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4975-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4975-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 21, issue 22
Reviews and syntheses
 | 
14 Nov 2024
Reviews and syntheses |  | 14 Nov 2024

Reviews and syntheses: Biological indicators of low-oxygen stress in marine water-breathing animals

Michael R. Roman, Andrew H. Altieri, Denise Breitburg, Erica M. Ferrer, Natalya D. Gallo, Shin-ichi Ito, Karin Limburg, Kenneth Rose, Moriaki Yasuhara, and Lisa A. Levin

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Latest update: 02 Nov 2025
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Short summary
Oxygen-depleted ocean waters have increased worldwide. In order to improve our understanding of the impacts of this oxygen loss on marine life it is essential that we develop reliable indicators that track the negative impacts of low oxygen. We review various indicators of low-oxygen stress for marine animals including their use, research needs, and application to confront the challenges of ocean oxygen loss.
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