Articles | Volume 21, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-93-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-93-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Temporary stratification promotes large greenhouse gas emissions in a shallow eutrophic lake
Thomas A. Davidson
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Lake Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
WATEC – Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Martin Søndergaard
Lake Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
WATEC – Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Beijing, China
Joachim Audet
Lake Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
WATEC – Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Lake Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Chiara Esposito
Lake Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
WATEC – Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Tuba Bucak
Lake Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Anders Nielsen
Lake Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
WaterITech Aps, Døjsøvej 1, 8660 Skanderborg, Denmark
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27 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Temporal variability of greenhouse gas fluxes in monoculture of tilapia in ponds Y. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-025-02223-1
- Trace gas (CH4, N2O, H2S) distribution in the water column of inland lakes in Poland M. Woszczyk et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06357-y
- Contribution of lakes to global greenhouse gas emissions: Mechanisms, quantification and mitigation strategies W. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.128585
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- Use of radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope for evaluating the provenance and cycling of particulate organic carbon in a hyper-eutrophic lake, China T. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106847
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- Mixing Regimes in a Shallow Lake over the Past Five Decades: Application to Laguna Carén L. Godoy et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17071007
- Carbon fluxes in two temperate ponds are mediated by stratification and primary producers M. Holgerson et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70273
- SentemQC - A novel and cost-efficient method for quality assurance and quality control of high-resolution frequency sensor data in fresh waters S. van't Veen et al. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.18134.1
- Immediate and cumulative effects of nutrient and extreme weather disturbances on pond greenhouse gas emissions R. Johnson et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70121
- Terrestrial Organic Matter Inputs Modulate Methane Emissions from a Mega-Reservoir Y. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c13190
- Depth-resolved carbon dioxide and methane concentrations in 522 lakes, ponds, and reservoirs worldwide J. Rabaey et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06751-0
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of CO2 and CH4 fluxes in China's mariculture ponds: Application of a biogeochemical model H. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.147340
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The balance of carbon emissions versus burial in fish ponds: The role of primary producers and management practices L. GIRARD et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102456
- Exploring the contrasting lake CO2 fluxes and influencing variables in four large shallow subtropical lakes with different hydrological connectivity Z. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126603
- River-lake ecosystems exhibit a strong seasonal cycle of greenhouse gas emissions S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01912-8
- Is the impact of groundwater on lake greenhouse gas dynamics underestimated? A comparative analysis of subsurface and ecological factors J. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131666
- 多时间尺度湖库二氧化碳通量环境驱动因子研究 相. 贺 et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/N072025-0320
- Dominant environmental influencing factors of carbon dioxide fluxes in lakes and reservoirs at different time scales X. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-025-1752-7
- Overcoming recycling barriers to transform global phosphorus management H. Raniro et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-025-00717-3
- Spatial and temporal dynamics of methane and carbon dioxide fluxes in a constructed wetland C. Dykes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108130
- Quantifying temporal dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions in lake mesocosms: Deployment of a low‐cost measurement system T. Bucak et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.70060
- SentemQC - A novel and cost-efficient method for quality assurance and quality control of high-resolution frequency sensor data in fresh waters S. van't Veen et al. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.18134.2
- Temporal variability of greenhouse gas fluxes in monoculture of tilapia in ponds Y. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-025-02223-1
- Trace gas (CH4, N2O, H2S) distribution in the water column of inland lakes in Poland M. Woszczyk et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06357-y
- Contribution of lakes to global greenhouse gas emissions: Mechanisms, quantification and mitigation strategies W. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.128585
- Nutrient enrichment—but not warming—increases nitrous oxide emissions from shallow lake mesocosms J. Audet et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12709
- Use of radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope for evaluating the provenance and cycling of particulate organic carbon in a hyper-eutrophic lake, China T. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106847
- Potential impacts of floating photovoltaics on carbon fluxes across aquatic-terrestrial boundaries P. Vouhe et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2025005
- Temporal patterns of greenhouse gas emissions from two small thermokarst lakes in Nunavik, Canada A. Pouliot et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5413-2025
- Greenhouse gas emissions and footprint analysis of multi-purpose dam reservoirs in temperate climates: Case study from South Korea K. Min et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.116143
- Spatiotemporal variability of dairy manure temperature during storage in earthen pits: Associations with meteorological factors R. Genedy et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0347665
- Lake ecosystem tipping points and climate feedbacks D. Hessen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-653-2024
- Mixing Regimes in a Shallow Lake over the Past Five Decades: Application to Laguna Carén L. Godoy et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17071007
- Carbon fluxes in two temperate ponds are mediated by stratification and primary producers M. Holgerson et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70273
- SentemQC - A novel and cost-efficient method for quality assurance and quality control of high-resolution frequency sensor data in fresh waters S. van't Veen et al. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.18134.1
- Immediate and cumulative effects of nutrient and extreme weather disturbances on pond greenhouse gas emissions R. Johnson et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70121
- Terrestrial Organic Matter Inputs Modulate Methane Emissions from a Mega-Reservoir Y. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c13190
- Depth-resolved carbon dioxide and methane concentrations in 522 lakes, ponds, and reservoirs worldwide J. Rabaey et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06751-0
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of CO2 and CH4 fluxes in China's mariculture ponds: Application of a biogeochemical model H. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.147340
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 28 May 2026
Short summary
Shallow lakes and ponds undergo frequent stratification in summer months. Here we studied how this affects greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We found that stratification caused anoxia in the bottom waters, driving increased GHG emissions, in particular methane released as bubbles. In addition, methane and carbon dioxide accumulated in the bottom waters during stratification, leading to large emissions when the lake mixed again.
Shallow lakes and ponds undergo frequent stratification in summer months. Here we studied how...
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