Articles | Volume 22, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-4865-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-4865-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Sep 2025
Research article |
| 23 Sep 2025
| 23 Sep 2025
Relative enrichment of ammonium and its impacts on open-ocean phytoplankton community composition under a high-emissions scenario
Pearse J. Buchanan
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CSIRO Environment, Hobart, 7004, Australia
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Juan J. Pierella Karlusich
FAS Division of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Robyn E. Tuerena
Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage, Oban, PA37 1QA, UK
Roxana Shafiee
Center for the Environment, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
E. Malcolm S. Woodward
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Chris Bowler
Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
CNRS Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GEOSEE, Paris, France
Alessandro Tagliabue
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
Related authors
Pearse James Buchanan, P. Jyoteeshkumar Reddy, Richard J. Matear, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Tyler Rohr, Dougal Squire, and Elizabeth H. Shadwick
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4026, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4026, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a cost-effective method to improve ocean models for studying the global carbon cycle. Using machine learning, we optimized parameters in the WOMBAT-lite model, enhancing its accuracy in predicting chlorophyll levels, air-sea carbon dioxide exchange, and phytoplankton nutrient use. This approach increases model reliability and offers a pathway for scientists to better understand and predict ocean changes, contributing to improved insights into Earth's climate system.
Travis Mellett, Justine Albers, Alyson Santoro, Pascal Salaun, Joseph Resing, Wenhao Wang, Alistar Lough, Alessandro Tagliabue, Maeve Lohan, Randelle Bundy, and Kristen Buck
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1798, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1798, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrothermal plumes of iron have been observed to persist in the deep ocean, but the exact mechanisms that contribute to the long-range transport of iron is not well defined. We collected plume waters from three different vent systems along the mid-Atlantic Ridge and monitored the temporal evolution of the physical and chemical forms of iron and its interaction with organic matter over time to learn about the mechanisms that control its dispersion.
Elsa Abs, Christoph Keuschnig, Pierre Amato, Chris Bowler, Eric Capo, Alexander Chase, Luciana Chavez Rodriguez, Abraham Dabengwa, Thomas Dussarrat, Thomas Guzman, Linnea Honeker, Jenni Hultman, Kirsten Küsel, Zhen Li, Anna Mankowski, William Riley, Scott Saleska, and Lisa Wingate
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1716, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1716, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
Meta-omics technologies offer new tools to understand how microbial and plant functional diversity shape biogeochemical cycles across ecosystems. This perspective explores how integrating omics data with ecological and modeling approaches can improve our understanding of greenhouse gas fluxes and nutrient dynamics, from soils to clouds, and from the past to the future. We highlight challenges and opportunities for scaling omics insights from local processes to Earth system models.
Noelle A. Held, Korrina Kunde, Clare E. Davis, Neil J. Wyatt, Elizabeth L. Mann, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Matthew McIlvin, Alessandro Tagliabue, Benjamin S. Twining, Claire Mahaffey, Mak A. Saito, and Maeve C. Lohan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3996, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Microbial enzymes are critical to marine biogeochemical cycles, but which microbes are producing those enzymes? We used a targeted proteomics method to quantify how much Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus contribute to surface ocean alkaline phosphatase activity. We find that alkaline phosphatase abundance is limited by the availability of iron, zinc and cobalt (which may substitute for zinc).
Claire Mahaffey, Noelle Held, Korinne Kunde, Clare Davis, Neil Wyatt, Matthew McIlvin, Malcolm Woodward, Lewis Wrightson, Alessandro Tagliabue, Maeve Lohan, and Mak Saito
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3987, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3987, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Picocyanobacteria fix over 50 % of carbon in the subtropical ocean, but which nutrients control their growth and activity? Using a states, rates and metaproteomic approach alongside targeted proteomics in experiments, we reveal picocyanobacteria are phosphorus stressed in the west Atlantic and nitrogen stressed in east Atlantic. We find evidence for trace metal and organic phosphorus control on alkaline phosphatase activity.
Pearse James Buchanan, P. Jyoteeshkumar Reddy, Richard J. Matear, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Tyler Rohr, Dougal Squire, and Elizabeth H. Shadwick
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4026, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4026, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a cost-effective method to improve ocean models for studying the global carbon cycle. Using machine learning, we optimized parameters in the WOMBAT-lite model, enhancing its accuracy in predicting chlorophyll levels, air-sea carbon dioxide exchange, and phytoplankton nutrient use. This approach increases model reliability and offers a pathway for scientists to better understand and predict ocean changes, contributing to improved insights into Earth's climate system.
Colleen L. Hoffman, Patrick J. Monreal, Justine B. Albers, Alastair J. M. Lough, Alyson E. Santoro, Travis Mellett, Kristen N. Buck, Alessandro Tagliabue, Maeve C. Lohan, Joseph A. Resing, and Randelle M. Bundy
Biogeosciences, 21, 5233–5246, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5233-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5233-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrothermally derived iron can be transported kilometers away from deep-sea vents, representing a significant flux of vital micronutrients to the ocean. However, the mechanisms that support the stabilization of dissolved iron remain elusive. Using electrochemical, spectrometry, and genomic methods, we demonstrated that strong ligands exert an important control on iron in plumes, and high-affinity iron-binding siderophores were identified in several hydrothermal plume samples for the first time.
Roy El Hourany, Juan Pierella Karlusich, Lucie Zinger, Hubert Loisel, Marina Levy, and Chris Bowler
Ocean Sci., 20, 217–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-217-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-217-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite observations offer valuable information on phytoplankton abundance and community structure. Here, we employ satellite observations to infer seven phytoplankton groups at a global scale based on a new molecular method from Tara Oceans. The link has been established using machine learning approaches. The output of this work provides excellent tools to collect essential biodiversity variables and a foundation to monitor the evolution of marine biodiversity.
Andrea J. McEvoy, Angus Atkinson, Ruth L. Airs, Rachel Brittain, Ian Brown, Elaine S. Fileman, Helen S. Findlay, Caroline L. McNeill, Clare Ostle, Tim J. Smyth, Paul J. Somerfield, Karen Tait, Glen A. Tarran, Simon Thomas, Claire E. Widdicombe, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Amanda Beesley, David V. P. Conway, James Fishwick, Hannah Haines, Carolyn Harris, Roger Harris, Pierre Hélaouët, David Johns, Penelope K. Lindeque, Thomas Mesher, Abigail McQuatters-Gollop, Joana Nunes, Frances Perry, Ana M. Queiros, Andrew Rees, Saskia Rühl, David Sims, Ricardo Torres, and Stephen Widdicombe
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5701–5737, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5701-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5701-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Western Channel Observatory is an oceanographic time series and biodiversity reference site within 40 km of Plymouth (UK), sampled since 1903. Differing levels of reporting and formatting hamper the use of the valuable individual datasets. We provide the first summary database as monthly averages where comparisons can be made of the physical, chemical and biological data. We describe the database, illustrate its utility to examine seasonality and longer-term trends, and summarize previous work.
Alastair J. M. Lough, Alessandro Tagliabue, Clément Demasy, Joseph A. Resing, Travis Mellett, Neil J. Wyatt, and Maeve C. Lohan
Biogeosciences, 20, 405–420, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Iron is a key nutrient for ocean primary productivity. Hydrothermal vents are a source of iron to the oceans, but the size of this source is poorly understood. This study examines the variability in iron inputs between hydrothermal vents in different geological settings. The vents studied release different amounts of Fe, resulting in plumes with similar dissolved iron concentrations but different particulate concentrations. This will help to refine modelling of iron-limited ocean productivity.
Adam Francis, Raja S. Ganeshram, Robyn E. Tuerena, Robert G. M. Spencer, Robert M. Holmes, Jennifer A. Rogers, and Claire Mahaffey
Biogeosciences, 20, 365–382, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-365-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-365-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is causing extensive permafrost degradation and nutrient releases into rivers with great ecological impacts on the Arctic Ocean. We focused on nitrogen (N) release from this degradation and associated cycling using N isotopes, an understudied area. Many N species are released at degradation sites with exchanges between species. N inputs from permafrost degradation and seasonal river N trends were identified using isotopes, helping to predict climate change impacts.
Marta Santos-Garcia, Raja S. Ganeshram, Robyn E. Tuerena, Margot C. F. Debyser, Katrine Husum, Philipp Assmy, and Haakon Hop
Biogeosciences, 19, 5973–6002, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5973-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5973-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Terrestrial sources of nitrate are important contributors to the nutrient pool in the fjords of Kongsfjorden and Rijpfjorden in Svalbard during the summer, and they sustain most of the fjord primary productivity. Ongoing tidewater glacier retreat is postulated to favour light limitation and less dynamic circulation in fjords. This is suggested to encourage the export of nutrients to the middle and outer part of the fjord system, which may enhance primary production within and in offshore areas.
Margot C. F. Debyser, Laetitia Pichevin, Robyn E. Tuerena, Paul A. Dodd, Antonia Doncila, and Raja S. Ganeshram
Biogeosciences, 19, 5499–5520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We focus on the exchange of key nutrients for algae production between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans through the Fram Strait. We show that the export of dissolved silicon here is controlled by the availability of nitrate which is influenced by denitrification on Arctic shelves. We suggest that any future changes in the river inputs of silica and changes in denitrification due to climate change will impact the amount of silicon exported, with impacts on Atlantic algal productivity and ecology.
Laurent Bopp, Olivier Aumont, Lester Kwiatkowski, Corentin Clerc, Léonard Dupont, Christian Ethé, Thomas Gorgues, Roland Séférian, and Alessandro Tagliabue
Biogeosciences, 19, 4267–4285, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4267-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4267-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of anthropogenic climate change on the biological production of phytoplankton in the ocean is a cause for concern because its evolution could affect the response of marine ecosystems to climate change. Here, we identify biological N fixation and its response to future climate change as a key process in shaping the future evolution of marine phytoplankton production. Our results show that further study of how this nitrogen fixation responds to environmental change is essential.
Rebecca Chmiel, Nathan Lanning, Allison Laubach, Jong-Mi Lee, Jessica Fitzsimmons, Mariko Hatta, William Jenkins, Phoebe Lam, Matthew McIlvin, Alessandro Tagliabue, and Mak Saito
Biogeosciences, 19, 2365–2395, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2365-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved cobalt is present in trace amounts in seawater and is a necessary nutrient for marine microbes. On a transect from the Alaskan coast to Tahiti, we measured seawater concentrations of dissolved cobalt. Here, we describe several interesting features of the Pacific cobalt cycle including cobalt sources along the Alaskan coast and Hawaiian vents, deep-ocean particle formation, cobalt activity in low-oxygen regions, and how our samples compare to a global biogeochemical model’s predictions.
Charlotte Haugk, Loeka L. Jongejans, Kai Mangelsdorf, Matthias Fuchs, Olga Ogneva, Juri Palmtag, Gesine Mollenhauer, Paul J. Mann, P. Paul Overduin, Guido Grosse, Tina Sanders, Robyn E. Tuerena, Lutz Schirrmeister, Sebastian Wetterich, Alexander Kizyakov, Cornelia Karger, and Jens Strauss
Biogeosciences, 19, 2079–2094, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Buried animal and plant remains (carbon) from the last ice age were freeze-locked in permafrost. At an extremely fast eroding permafrost cliff in the Lena Delta (Siberia), we found this formerly frozen carbon well preserved. Our results show that ongoing degradation releases substantial amounts of this carbon, making it available for future carbon emissions. This mobilisation at the studied cliff and also similarly eroding sites bear the potential to affect rivers and oceans negatively.
Maria-Theresia Verwega, Christopher J. Somes, Markus Schartau, Robyn Elizabeth Tuerena, Anne Lorrain, Andreas Oschlies, and Thomas Slawig
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4861–4880, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4861-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4861-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes a ready-to-use collection of particulate organic carbon stable isotope ratio data sets. It covers the 1960s–2010s and all main oceans, providing meta-information and gridded data. The best coverage exists in Atlantic, Indian and Southern Ocean surface waters during the 1990s. It indicates no major difference between methods and shows decreasing values towards high latitudes, with the lowest in the Southern Ocean, and a long-term decline in all regions but the Southern Ocean.
Neil J. Wyatt, Angela Milne, Eric P. Achterberg, Thomas J. Browning, Heather A. Bouman, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, and Maeve C. Lohan
Biogeosciences, 18, 4265–4280, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4265-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4265-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using data collected during two expeditions to the South Atlantic Ocean, we investigated how the interaction between external sources and biological activity influenced the availability of the trace metals zinc and cobalt. This is important as both metals play essential roles in the metabolism and growth of phytoplankton and thus influence primary productivity of the oceans. We found seasonal changes in both processes that helped explain upper-ocean trace metal cycling.
Yu-Te Hsieh, Walter Geibert, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Neil J. Wyatt, Maeve C. Lohan, Eric P. Achterberg, and Gideon M. Henderson
Biogeosciences, 18, 1645–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1645-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1645-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The South Atlantic near 40° S is one of the high-productivity and most dynamic nutrient regions in the oceans, but the sources and fluxes of trace elements (TEs) to this region remain unclear. This study investigates seawater Ra-228 and provides important constraints on ocean mixing and dissolved TE fluxes to this region. Vertical mixing is a more important source than aeolian or shelf inputs in this region, but particulate or winter deep-mixing inputs may be required to balance the TE budgets.
Fuminori Hashihama, Hiroaki Saito, Taketoshi Kodama, Saori Yasui-Tamura, Jota Kanda, Iwao Tanita, Hiroshi Ogawa, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Philip W. Boyd, and Ken Furuya
Biogeosciences, 18, 897–915, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-897-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-897-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the nutrient assimilation characteristics of deep-water-induced phytoplankton blooms across the subtropical North and South Pacific Ocean. Nutrient drawdown ratios of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to phosphate were anomalously low in the western North Pacific, likely due to the high phosphate uptake capability of low-phosphate-adapted phytoplankton. The anomalous phosphate uptake might influence the maintenance of chronic phosphate depletion in the western North Pacific.
Robyn E. Tuerena, Joanne Hopkins, Raja S. Ganeshram, Louisa Norman, Camille de la Vega, Rachel Jeffreys, and Claire Mahaffey
Biogeosciences, 18, 637–653, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-637-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-637-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Barents Sea is a rapidly changing shallow sea within the Arctic. Here, nitrate, an essential nutrient, is fully consumed by algae in surface waters during summer months. Nitrate is efficiently regenerated in the Barents Sea, and there is no evidence for nitrogen loss from the sediments by denitrification, which is prevalent on other Arctic shelves. This suggests that nitrogen availability in the Barents Sea is largely determined by the supply of nutrients in water masses from the Atlantic.
Randelle M. Bundy, Alessandro Tagliabue, Nicholas J. Hawco, Peter L. Morton, Benjamin S. Twining, Mariko Hatta, Abigail E. Noble, Mattias R. Cape, Seth G. John, Jay T. Cullen, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 17, 4745–4767, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4745-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4745-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Cobalt (Co) is an essential nutrient for ocean microbes and is scarce in most areas of the ocean. This study measured Co concentrations in the Arctic Ocean for the first time and found that Co levels are extremely high in the surface waters of the Canadian Arctic. Although the Co primarily originates from the shelf, the high concentrations persist throughout the central Arctic. Co in the Arctic appears to be increasing over time and might be a source of Co to the North Atlantic.
Cited articles
Andersen, I. M., Williamson, T. J., González, M. J., and Vanni, M. J.: Nitrate, ammonium, and phosphorus drive seasonal nutrient limitation of chlorophytes, cyanobacteria, and diatoms in a hyper-eutrophic reservoir, Limnol. Oceanogr., 65, 962–978, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11363, 2020.
Anderson, S. I., Barton, A. D., Clayton, S., Dutkiewicz, S., and Rynearson, T. A.: Marine phytoplankton functional types exhibit diverse responses to thermal change, Nat. Commun., 12, 6413, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26651-8, 2021.
Aranguren-Gassis, M., Kremer, C. T., Klausmeier, C. A., and Litchman, E.: Nitrogen limitation inhibits marine diatom adaptation to high temperatures, Ecol. Lett., 22, 1860–1869, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13378, 2019.
Aumont, O., Ethé, C., Tagliabue, A., Bopp, L., and Gehlen, M.: PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2465–2513, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2465-2015, 2015.
Bayer, B., Vojvoda, J., Offre, P., Alves, R. J. E., Elisabeth, N. H., Garcia, J. AL, Volland, J.-M., Srivastava, A., Schleper, C., and Herndl, G. J.: Physiological and genomic characterization of two novel marine thaumarchaeal strains indicates niche differentiation, ISME J., 10, 1051–1063, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2015.200, 2016.
Beman, J. M., Chow, C. E., King, A. L., Feng, Y., Fuhrman, J. A., Andersson, A., Bates, N. R., Popp, B. N., and Hutchins, D. A.: Global declines in oceanic nitrification rates as a consequence of ocean acidification, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 208–213, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1011053108, 2011.
Bender, M. L. and Jönsson, B.: Is seasonal net community production in the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre anomalously low?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 9757–9763, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070220, 2016.
Berg, G., Balode, M., Purina, I., Bekere, S., Béchemin, C., and Maestrini, S.: Plankton community composition in relation to availability and uptake of oxidized and reduced nitrogen, Aquat. Microbial. Ecol., 30, 263–274, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame030263, 2003.
Bindoff, N. L., Cheung, W. W. L., Kairo, J. G., Aristegui, J., Guinder, V. A., Hallberg, R., Hilmi, N., Jiao, N., Karim, M. S., Levin, L., O'Donoghue, S., Purca Cuicapusa, S. R., Rinkevich, B., Suga, T., Tagliabue, A., and Williamson, P.: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities, in: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, edited by: Portner, H.-O., Roberts, C. D., Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Tignor, E., Poloczanska, E., Mintenbeck, K., Alegria, A., Nicolai, M., Okem, A., Petzold, J., Rama, B., and Weyer, N. M., 447–588, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157964.007, 2019.
Bopp, L., Aumont, O., Cadule, P., Alvain, S., and Gehlen, M.: Response of diatoms distribution to global warming and potential implications: A global model study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023653, 2005.
Boyd, P. W., LaRoche, J., Gall, M., Frew, R., and McKay, R. M. L.: Role of iron, light, and silicate in controlling algal biomass in subantarctic waters SE of New Zealand, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 104, 13395–13408, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JC900009, 1999.
Boyd, P. W., Watson, A. J., Law, C. S., Abraham, E. R., Trull, T., Murdoch, R., Bakker, D. C. E., Bowie, A. R., Buesseler, K. O., Chang, H., Charette, M., Croot, P., Downing, K., Frew, R., Gall, M., Hadfield, M., Hall, J., Harvey, M., Jameson, G., LaRoche, J., Liddicoat, M., Ling, R., Maldonado, M. T., McKay, R. M., Nodder, S., Pickmere, S., Pridmore, R., Rintoul, S., Safi, K., Sutton, P., Strzepek, R., Tanneberger, K., Turner, S., Waite, A., and Zeldis, J.: A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization, Nature, 407, 695–702, https://doi.org/10.1038/35037500, 2000.
Browning, T. J., Saito, M. A., Garaba, S. P., Wang, X., Achterberg, E. P., Moore, C. M., Engel, A., Mcllvin, M. R., Moran, D., Voss, D., Zielinski, O., and Tagliabue, A.: Persistent equatorial Pacific iron limitation under ENSO forcing, Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06439-0, 2023.
Brun, P., Vogt, M., Payne, M. R., Gruber, N., O'Brien, C. J., Buitenhuis, E. T., Le Quéré, C., Leblanc, K., and Luo, Y.-W.: Ecological niches of open ocean phytoplankton taxa, Limnol. Oceanogr., 60, 1020–1038, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10074, 2015.
Buchanan, P. J.: Model output for “Enrichment of ammonium in the future ocean threatens diatom productivity” (v1.0), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7630283, 2023.
Buchanan, P. J.: Supplementary Datasets for “Oceanic enrichment of ammonium and its impacts on phytoplankton community composition under a high-emissions scenario” (1.0), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14194938, 2024.
Buchanan, P. J.: pearseb/ORCA2_OFF_PISCESiso-N: PISCESv2_OFF_PISCESiso-N (v2025.06.01), Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15612548, 2025.
Buchanan, P. J., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Mahaffey, C., and Tagliabue, A.: Impact of intensifying nitrogen limitation on ocean net primary production is fingerprinted by nitrogen isotopes, Nat. Commun., 12, 6214, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26552-w, 2021.
Buchwald, C., Santoro, A. E., Stanley, R. H. R., and Casciotti, K. L.: Nitrogen cycling in the secondary nitrite maximum of the eastern tropical North Pacific off Costa Rica, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 2061–2081, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005187, 2015.
Cael, B. B., Dutkiewicz, S., and Henson, S.: Abrupt shifts in 21st-century plankton communities, Sci. Adv., 7, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf8593, 2021.
Carter, C. M., Ross, A. H., Schiel, D. R., Howard-Williams, C., and Hayden, B.: In situ microcosm experiments on the influence of nitrate and light on phytoplankton community composition, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 326, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2005.05.006, 2005.
Chen, B., Landry, M. R., Huang, B., and Liu, H.: Does warming enhance the effect of microzooplankton grazing on marine phytoplankton in the ocean?, Limnol. Oceanogr., 57, 519–526, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.2.0519, 2012.
Cherabier, P. and Ferrière, R.: Eco-evolutionary responses of the microbial loop to surface ocean warming and consequences for primary production, ISME J., 16, 1130–1139, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01166-8, 2022.
Clark, D. R., Rees, A. P., and Joint, I.: Ammonium regeneration and nitrification rates in the oligotrophic Atlantic Ocean: Implications for new production estimates, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 52–62, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.1.0052, 2008.
Clark, D. R., Rees, A. P., Ferrera, C. M., Al-Moosawi, L., Somerfield, P. J., Harris, C., Quartly, G. D., Goult, S., Tarran, G., and Lessin, G.: Nitrite regeneration in the oligotrophic Atlantic Ocean, Biogeosciences, 19, 1355–1376, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022, 2022.
Comeau, A. M., Li, W. K. W., Tremblay, J.-É., Carmack, E. C., and Lovejoy, C.: Arctic Ocean Microbial Community Structure before and after the 2007 Record Sea Ice Minimum, PLoS One, 6, e27492, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027492, 2011.
de Vargas, C., Audic, S., Henry, N., Decelle, J., Mahé, F., Logares, R., Lara, E., Berney, C., Le Bescot, N., Probert, I., Carmichael, M., Poulain, J., Romac, S., Colin, S., Aury, J.-M., Bittner, L., Chaffron, S., Dunthorn, M., Engelen, S., Flegontova, O., Guidi, L., Horák, A., Jaillon, O., Lima-Mendez, G., Lukeš, J., Malviya, S., Morard, R., Mulot, M., Scalco, E., Siano, R., Vincent, F., Zingone, A., Dimier, C., Picheral, M., Searson, S., Kandels-Lewis, S., Acinas, S. G., Bork, P., Bowler, C., Gorsky, G., Grimsley, N., Hingamp, P., Iudicone, D., Not, F., Ogata, H., Pesant, S., Raes, J., Sieracki, M. E., Speich, S., Stemmann, L., Sunagawa, S., Weissenbach, J., Wincker, P., Karsenti, E., Boss, E., Follows, M., Karp-Boss, L., Krzic, U., Reynaud, E. G., Sardet, C., Sullivan, M. B., and Velayoudon, D.: Eukaryotic plankton diversity in the sunlit ocean, Science, 348, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1261605, 2015.
Donald, D. B., Bogard, M. J., Finlay, K., Bunting, L., and Leavitt, P. R.: Phytoplankton-Specific Response to Enrichment of Phosphorus-Rich Surface Waters with Ammonium, Nitrate, and Urea, PLoS One, 8, e53277, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053277, 2013.
Dore, J. E. and Karl, D. M.: Nitrification in the euphotic zone as a source for nitrite, nitrate, and nitrous oxide at Station ALOHA, Limnol. Oceanogr., 41, 1619–1628, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1996.41.8.1619, 1996.
Dortch, Q.: The interaction between ammonium and nitrate uptake in phytoplankton, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 61, 183–201, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps061183, 1990.
Dufresne, J. L., Foujols, M. A., Denvil, S., Caubel, A., Marti, O., Aumont, O., Balkanski, Y., Bekki, S., Bellenger, H., Benshila, R., Bony, S., Bopp, L., Braconnot, P., Brockmann, P., Cadule, P., Cheruy, F., Codron, F., Cozic, A., Cugnet, D., de Noblet, N., Duvel, J. P., Ethé, C., Fairhead, L., Fichefet, T., Flavoni, S., Friedlingstein, P., Grandpeix, J. Y., Guez, L., Guilyardi, E., Hauglustaine, D., Hourdin, F., Idelkadi, A., Ghattas, J., Joussaume, S., Kageyama, M., Krinner, G., Labetoulle, S., Lahellec, A., Lefebvre, M. P., Lefevre, F., Levy, C., Li, Z. X., Lloyd, J., Lott, F., Madec, G., Mancip, M., Marchand, M., Masson, S., Meurdesoif, Y., Mignot, J., Musat, I., Parouty, S., Polcher, J., Rio, C., Schulz, M., Swingedouw, D., Szopa, S., Talandier, C., Terray, P., Viovy, N., and Vuichard, N.: Climate change projections using the IPSL-CM5 Earth System Model: From CMIP3 to CMIP5, 2123–2165 pp., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1636-1, 2013.
Dugdale, R. C.: Nutrient limitation in the Sea: Dynamics, identification, and significance, Limnol. Oceanogr., 12, 685–695, 1967.
Dugdale, R. C. and Goering, J. J.: Uptake of New and Regenerated Forms of Nitrogen in Primary Productivity, Limnol. Oceanogr., 12, 196–206, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1967.12.2.0196, 1967.
Eppley, R. W.: Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea, Fish. Bull., 70, 1063–1085, 1972.
Eppley, R. W. and Peterson, B. J.: Particulate organic matter flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean, Nature, 282, 677–680, https://doi.org/10.1038/282677a0, 1979.
Fawcett, S. E., Lomas, M. W., Casey, J. R., Ward, B. B., and Sigman, D. M.: Assimilation of upwelled nitrate by small eukaryotes in the Sargasso Sea, Nat. Geosci., 4, 717–722, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1265, 2011.
Fernández, C., Farías, L., and Alcaman, M. E.: Primary production and nitrogen regeneration processes in surface waters of the Peruvian upwelling system, Prog. Oceanogr., 83, 159–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.010, 2009.
Follows, M. J., Dutkiewicz, S., Grant, S., and Chisholm, S. W.: Emergent Biogeography of Microbial Communities in a Model Ocean, Science, 315, 1843–1846, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1138544, 2007.
Garcia, H. E., Weathers, K. W., Paver, C. R., Smolyar, I., Boyer, T. P., Locarnini, R. A., Zweng, M. M., Mishonov, A. V., Baranova, O. K., Seidov, D., and Reagan, J. R.: World Ocean Atlas 2018, Volume 4: Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate and nitrate+nitrite, silicate), edited by: Editor, A. M. T., 35 pp., 2019.
Glibert, P. M., Wilkerson, F. P., Dugdale, R. C., Raven, J. A., Dupont, C. L., Leavitt, P. R., Parker, A. E., Burkholder, J. M., and Kana, T. M.: Pluses and minuses of ammonium and nitrate uptake and assimilation by phytoplankton and implications for productivity and community composition, with emphasis on nitrogen-enriched conditions, Limnol. Oceanogr., 61, 165–197, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10203, 2016a.
Glibert, P. M., Wilkerson, F. P., Dugdale, R. C., Raven, J. A., Dupont, C. L., Leavitt, P. R., Parker, A. E., Burkholder, J. M., and Kana, T. M.: Pluses and minuses of ammonium and nitrate uptake and assimilation by phytoplankton and implications for productivity and community composition, with emphasis on nitrogen-enriched conditions, Limnol. Oceanogr., 61, 165–197, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10203, 2016b.
Hauglustaine, D. A., Balkanski, Y., and Schulz, M.: A global model simulation of present and future nitrate aerosols and their direct radiative forcing of climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 11031–11063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11031-2014, 2014.
Henry, N., de Vargas, C., Audic, S., Tara Oceans Consortium, C., and Tara Oceans Expedition, P.: Total V9 rDNA information organized at the OTU level for the Tara Oceans Expedition (2009–2013), including the Tara Polar Circle Expedition (2013), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768510, 2019.
Herrero, A., Muro-Pastor, A. M., and Flores, E.: Nitrogen Control in Cyanobacteria, J. Bacteriol., 183, 411–425, https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.183.2.411-425.2001, 2001.
Huesemann, M. H., Skillman, A. D., and Crecelius, E. A.: The inhibition of marine nitrification by ocean disposal of carbon dioxide, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 44, 142–148, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00194-1, 2002.
Ibarbalz, F. M., Henry, N., Brandão, M. C., Martini, S., Busseni, G., Byrne, H., Coelho, L. P., Endo, H., Gasol, J. M., Gregory, A. C., Mahé, F., Rigonato, J., Royo-Llonch, M., Salazar, G., Sanz-Sáez, I., Scalco, E., Soviadan, D., Zayed, A. A., Zingone, A., Labadie, K., Ferland, J., Marec, C., Kandels, S., Picheral, M., Dimier, C., Poulain, J., Pisarev, S., Carmichael, M., Pesant, S., Babin, M., Boss, E., Iudicone, D., Jaillon, O., Acinas, S. G., Ogata, H., Pelletier, E., Stemmann, L., Sullivan, M. B., Sunagawa, S., Bopp, L., de Vargas, C., Karp-Boss, L., Wincker, P., Lombard, F., Bowler, C., Zinger, L., Acinas, S. G., Babin, M., Bork, P., Boss, E., Bowler, C., Cochrane, G., de Vargas, C., Follows, M., Gorsky, G., Grimsley, N., Guidi, L., Hingamp, P., Iudicone, D., Jaillon, O., Kandels, S., Karp-Boss, L., Karsenti, E., Not, F., Ogata, H., Pesant, S., Poulton, N., Raes, J., Sardet, C., Speich, S., Stemmann, L., Sullivan, M. B., Sunagawa, S., and Wincker, P.: Global Trends in Marine Plankton Diversity across Kingdoms of Life, Cell, 179, 1084–1097, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.008, 2019.
Joubert, W. R., Thomalla, S. J., Waldron, H. N., Lucas, M. I., Boye, M., Le Moigne, F. A. C., Planchon, F., and Speich, S.: Nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during late austral summer, Biogeosciences, 8, 2947–2959, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2947-2011, 2011.
Kitidis, V., Laverock, B., McNeill, L. C., Beesley, A., Cummings, D., Tait, K., Osborn, M. A., and Widdicombe, S.: Impact of ocean acidification on benthic and water column ammonia oxidation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049095, 2011.
Klawonn, I., Bonaglia, S., Whitehouse, M. J., Littmann, S., Tienken, D., Kuypers, M. M. M., Brüchert, V., and Ploug, H.: Untangling hidden nutrient dynamics: rapid ammonium cycling and single-cell ammonium assimilation in marine plankton communities, ISME J., 13, 1960–1974, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0386-z, 2019.
Krumhardt, K. M., Long, M. C., Sylvester, Z. T., and Petrik, C. M.: Climate drivers of Southern Ocean phytoplankton community composition and potential impacts on higher trophic levels, Front. Mar. Sci., 9, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.916140, 2022.
Kwiatkowski, L., Torres, O., Bopp, L., Aumont, O., Chamberlain, M., Christian, J. R., Dunne, J. P., Gehlen, M., Ilyina, T., John, J. G., Lenton, A., Li, H., Lovenduski, N. S., Orr, J. C., Palmieri, J., Santana-Falcón, Y., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Stock, C. A., Tagliabue, A., Takano, Y., Tjiputra, J., Toyama, K., Tsujino, H., Watanabe, M., Yamamoto, A., Yool, A., and Ziehn, T.: Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper-ocean nutrient and primary production decline from CMIP6 model projections, Biogeosciences, 17, 3439–3470, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020, 2020.
Lampe, R. H., Mann, E. L., Cohen, N. R., Till, C. P., Thamatrakoln, K., Brzezinski, M. A., Bruland, K. W., Twining, B. S., and Marchetti, A.: Different iron storage strategies among bloom-forming diatoms, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 115, E12275–E12284, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805243115, 2018.
Levine, N. M., Alexander, H., Bertrand, E. M., Coles, V. J., Dutkiewicz, S., Leles, S. G., and Zakem, E. J.: Microbial Ecology to Ocean Carbon Cycling: From Genomes to Numerical Models, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-040523-020630, 2025.
Litchman, E.: Resource Competition and the Ecological Success of Phytoplankton, in: Evolution of Primary Producers in the Sea, Elsevier, 351–375, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370518-1/50017-5, 2007.
Litchman, E., Klausmeier, C. A., Schofield, O. M., and Falkowski, P. G.: The role of functional traits and trade-offs in structuring phytoplankton communities: scaling from cellular to ecosystem level, Ecol. Lett., 10, 1170–1181, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01117.x, 2007.
Llort, J., Lévy, M., Sallée, J. B., and Tagliabue, A.: Nonmonotonic Response of Primary Production and Export to Changes in Mixed-Layer Depth in the Southern Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2018GL081788, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081788, 2019.
Lomas, M. W. and Glibert, P. M.: Temperature regulation of nitrate uptake: A novel hypothesis about nitrate uptake and reduction in cool-water diatoms, Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 556–572, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1999.44.3.0556, 1999.
Margalef, R.: Life-forms of phytoplankton as survival alternatives in an unstable environment, Oceanologica Acta, 1, 493–509, 1978.
Matsumoto, K., Abe, O., Fujiki, T., Sukigara, C., and Mino, Y.: Primary productivity at the time-series stations in the northwestern Pacific Ocean: is the subtropical station unproductive?, J. Oceanogr., 72, 359–371, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-016-0354-4, 2016.
Mdutyana, M., Thomalla, S. J., Philibert, R., Ward, B. B., and Fawcett, S. E.: The Seasonal Cycle of Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrification in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 34, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006363, 2020.
Metzler, P. M., Glibert, P. M., Gaeta, S. A., and Ludlam, J. M.: New and regenerated production in the South Atlantic off Brazil, Deep Sea Res. Pt. I, 44, 363–384, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(96)00129-X, 1997.
Newell, S. E., Fawcett, S. E., and Ward, B. B.: Depth distribution of ammonia oxidation rates and ammonia-oxidizer community composition in the Sargasso Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 58, 1491–1500, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2013.58.4.1491, 2013.
Örnólfsdóttir, E. B., Lumsden, S. E., and Pinckney, J. L.: Nutrient pulsing as a regulator of phytoplankton abundance and community composition in Galveston Bay, Texas, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 303, 197–220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2003.11.016, 2004.
Parker, M. S. and Armbrust, E. V.: Synergistic effects of light, temperature, and nitrogen source on transcription of genes for carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the centric diatom Thalassiosira Pseudonana (Bacillariophycae), J. Phycol., 41, 1142–1153, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00139.x, 2005.
Philibert, M. C. R.: A comparative study of nitrogen uptake and nitrification rates in sub-tropical, polar and upwelling waters, PhD thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015.
Pierella Karlusich, J. J., Ibarbalz, F. M., and Bowler, C.: Phytoplankton in the Tara Ocean, Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 12, 233–265, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010706, 2020.
Pierella Karlusich, J. J., Pelletier, E., Zinger, L., Lombard, F., Zingone, A., Colin, S., Gasol, J. M., Dorrell, R. G., Henry, N., Scalco, E., Acinas, S. G., Wincker, P., de Vargas, C., and Bowler, C.: A robust approach to estimate relative phytoplankton cell abundances from metagenomes, Mol. Ecol. Resour., 23, 16–40, https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13592, 2023.
Raes, E. J., van de Kamp, J., Bodrossy, L., Fong, A. A., Riekenberg, J., Holmes, B. H., Erler, D. V., Eyre, B. D., Weil, S.-S., and Waite, A. M.: N2 Fixation and New Insights Into Nitrification From the Ice-Edge to the Equator in the South Pacific Ocean, Front. Mar. Sci., 7, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00389, 2020.
Raimbault, P., Slawyk, G., Boudjellal, B., Coatanoan, C., Conan, P., Coste, B., Garcia, N., Moutin, T., and Pujo-Pay, M.: Carbon and nitrogen uptake and export in the equatorial Pacific at 150° W: Evidence of an efficient regenerated production cycle, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 104, 3341–3356, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JC900004, 1999.
Rees, A. P., Woodward, E. M. S., and Joint, I.: Concentrations and uptake of nitrate and ammonium in the Atlantic Ocean between 60° N and 50° S, Deep Sea Res. Pt. II, 53, 1649–1665, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.05.008, 2006.
Riahi, K., Rao, S., Krey, V., Cho, C., Chirkov, V., Fischer, G., Kindermann, G., Nakicenovic, N., and Rafaj, P.: RCP 8.5 – A scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions, Clim. Change, 109, 33–57, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0149-y, 2011.
Riahi, K., van Vuuren, D. P., Kriegler, E., Edmonds, J., O'Neill, B. C., Fujimori, S., Bauer, N., Calvin, K., Dellink, R., Fricko, O., Lutz, W., Popp, A., Cuaresma, J. C., KC, S., Leimbach, M., Jiang, L., Kram, T., Rao, S., Emmerling, J., Ebi, K., Hasegawa, T., Havlik, P., Humpenöder, F., Da Silva, L. A., Smith, S., Stehfest, E., Bosetti, V., Eom, J., Gernaat, D., Masui, T., Rogelj, J., Strefler, J., Drouet, L., Krey, V., Luderer, G., Harmsen, M., Takahashi, K., Baumstark, L., Doelman, J. C., Kainuma, M., Klimont, Z., Marangoni, G., Lotze-Campen, H., Obersteiner, M., Tabeau, A., and Tavoni, M.: The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and their energy, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions implications: An overview, Glob. Environ. Change, 42, 153–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.009, 2017.
Rii, Y., Karl, D., and Church, M.: Temporal and vertical variability in picophytoplankton primary productivity in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 562, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11954, 2016.
Rodgers, K. B., Aumont, O., Toyama, K., Resplandy, L., Ishii, M., Nakano, T., Sasano, D., Bianchi, D., and Yamaguchi, R.: Low-latitude mesopelagic nutrient recycling controls productivity and export, Nature, 632, 802–807, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07779-1, 2024.
Rohr, T., Richardson, A. J., Lenton, A., Chamberlain, M. A., and Shadwick, E. H.: Zooplankton grazing is the largest source of uncertainty for marine carbon cycling in CMIP6 models, Commun. Earth Environ., 4, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00871-w, 2023.
Ryan-Keogh, T. J., Thomalla, S. J., Monteiro, P. M. S., and Tagliabue, A.: Multidecadal trend of increasing iron stress in Southern Ocean phytoplankton, Science, 379, 834–840, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abl5237, 2023.
Sallée, J., Pellichero, V., Akhoudas, C., Pauthenet, E., Vignes, L., Schmidtko, S., Garabato, A. N., Sutherland, P., and Kuusela, M.: Summertime increases in upper-ocean stratification and mixed-layer depth, Nature, 591, 592–598, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03303-x, 2021.
Santoro, A. E., Sakamoto, C. M., Smith, J. M., Plant, J. N., Gehman, A. L., Worden, A. Z., Johnson, K. S., Francis, C. A., and Casciotti, K. L.: Measurements of nitrite production in and around the primary nitrite maximum in the central California Current, Biogeosciences, 10, 7395–7410, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7395-2013, 2013.
Santoro, A. E., Buchwald, C., Knapp, A. N., Berelson, W. M., Capone, D. G., and Casciotti, K. L.: Nitrification and Nitrous Oxide Production in the Offshore Waters of the Eastern Tropical South Pacific, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 35, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006716, 2021.
Selph, K. E., Swalethorp, R., Stukel, M. R., Kelly, T. B., Knapp, A. N., Fleming, K., Hernandez, T., and Landry, M. R.: Phytoplankton community composition and biomass in the oligotrophic Gulf of Mexico, J. Plankton Res., 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbab006, 2021.
Shiozaki, T., Ijichi, M., Isobe, K., Hashihama, F., Nakamura, K., Ehama, M., Hayashizaki, K., Takahashi, K., Hamasaki, K., and Furuya, K.: Nitrification and its influence on biogeochemical cycles from the equatorial Pacific to the Arctic Ocean, ISME J., 10, 2184–2197, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2016.18, 2016.
Sommer, U., Stibor, H., Katechakis, A., Sommer, F., and Hansen, T.: Pelagic food web configurations at different levels of nutrient richness and their implications for the ratio fish production:primary production, Hydrobiologia, 484, 11–20, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021340601986, 2002.
Sugie, K., Fujiwara, A., Nishino, S., Kameyama, S., and Harada, N.: Impacts of Temperature, CO2, and Salinity on Phytoplankton Community Composition in the Western Arctic Ocean, Front. Mar. Sci., 6, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00821, 2020.
Taucher, J., Bach, L. T., Prowe, A. E. F., Boxhammer, T., Kvale, K., and Riebesell, U.: Enhanced silica export in a future ocean triggers global diatom decline, Nature, 605, 696–700, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04687-0, 2022.
Thomalla, S. J., Waldron, H. N., Lucas, M. I., Read, J. F., Ansorge, I. J., and Pakhomov, E.: Phytoplankton distribution and nitrogen dynamics in the southwest indian subtropical gyre and Southern Ocean waters, Ocean Sci., 7, 113–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-113-2011, 2011.
Tolar, B. B., Ross, M. J., Wallsgrove, N. J., Liu, Q., Aluwihare, L. I., Popp, B. N., and Hollibaugh, J. T.: Contribution of ammonia oxidation to chemoautotrophy in Antarctic coastal waters, ISME J., 10, 2605–2619, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2016.61, 2016.
Trommer, G., Poxleitner, M., and Stibor, H.: Responses of lake phytoplankton communities to changing inorganic nitrogen supply forms, Aquat. Sci., 82, 22, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-020-0696-2, 2020.
Tungaraza, C., Rousseau, V., Brion, N., Lancelot, C., Gichuki, J., Baeyens, W., and Goeyens, L.: Contrasting nitrogen uptake by diatom and Phaeocystis-dominated phytoplankton assemblages in the North Sea, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 292, 19–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00145-X, 2003.
Vannier, T., Leconte, J., Seeleuthner, Y., Mondy, S., Pelletier, E., Aury, J.-M., de Vargas, C., Sieracki, M., Iudicone, D., Vaulot, D., Wincker, P., and Jaillon, O.: Survey of the green picoalga Bathycoccus genomes in the global ocean, Sci. Rep., 6, 37900, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37900, 2016.
Van Oostende, N., Fawcett, S. E., Marconi, D., Lueders-Dumont, J., Sabadel, A. J. M., Woodward, E. M. S., Jönsson, B. F., Sigman, D. M., and Ward, B. B.: Variation of summer phytoplankton community composition and its relationship to nitrate and regenerated nitrogen assimilation across the North Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Res. Pt. I, 121, 79–94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2016.12.012, 2017.
Wan, X. S., Sheng, H.-X., Dai, M., Zhang, Y., Shi, D., Trull, T. W., Zhu, Y., Lomas, M. W., and Kao, S.-J.: Ambient nitrate switches the ammonium consumption pathway in the euphotic ocean, Nat. Commun., 9, 915, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03363-0, 2018.
Wan, X. S., Sheng, H., Dai, M., Church, M. J., Zou, W., Li, X., Hutchins, D. A., Ward, B. B., and Kao, S.: Phytoplankton-Nitrifier Interactions Control the Geographic Distribution of Nitrite in the Upper Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 35, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007072, 2021.
Whitt, D. B. and Jansen, M. F.: Slower nutrient stream suppresses Subarctic Atlantic Ocean biological productivity in global warming, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 117, 15504–15510, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000851117, 2020.
Wood, S. N.: Generalized Additive Models, Chapman and Hall/CRC, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420010404, 2006.
Yang, B., Emerson, S. R., and Quay, P. D.: The Subtropical Ocean's Biological Carbon Pump Determined From O2 and DIC/DI 13 C Tracers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 5361–5368, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081239, 2019.
Yingling, N., Kelly, T. B., Shropshire, T. A., Landry, M. R., Selph, K. E., Knapp, A. N., Kranz, S. A., and Stukel, M. R.: Taxon-specific phytoplankton growth, nutrient utilization and light limitation in the oligotrophic Gulf of Mexico, J. Plankton Res., 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbab028, 2021.
Yool, A., Martin, A. P., Fernández, C., and Clark, D. R.: The significance of nitrification for oceanic new production, Nature, 447, 999–1002, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05885, 2007.
Short summary
Ammonium is a form of nitrogen that may become more important for growth of marine primary producers (i.e., phytoplankton) in the future. Because some phytoplankton taxa have a greater affinity for ammonium than others, the relative increase in ammonium could cause shifts in community composition. We quantify ammonium enrichment, identify its drivers and isolate the possible effect on phytoplankton community composition under a high-emissions scenario.
Ammonium is a form of nitrogen that may become more important for growth of marine primary...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint