Biogeosciences
Biogeosciences
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Articles | Volume 22, issue 23
Articles | Volume 22, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-7961-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-7961-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 22, issue 23
Research article
 | 
11 Dec 2025
Research article |  | 11 Dec 2025

Low site diversity but high diversity across sites of depauperate Crustacea and Annelida communities in groundwater of urban wells in Kraków, Poland

Elżbieta Dumnicka, Joanna Galas, Tadeusz Namiotko, and Agnieszka Pociecha

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Latest update: 30 Apr 2026
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Short summary
The studies of annelids and crustaceans in Kraköw's urban wells indicate a heterogeneous and partly natural underground ecosystem. It is worth emphasizing that the occurrence of stygobitic species in a significant part of the wells suggests that some groundwater habitats in the city maintain ecological integrity. These findings emphasize the importance of including urban groundwater fauna in biodiversity assessments and confirm the need for long-term biomonitoring systems.
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