This paper reports the alarming increase in wildfires in the Amazon rainforest during the severe 2023/2024 drought leading to an increase in large-scale forest degradation. It is highly relevant as the fire-driven forest degradation impacted also intact forests and released large amounts of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere pushing the Amazon rainforest closer to a potential tipping point.

This paper maps the safe operating space of marine ecosystems in various metrics, including physical (e.g. temperature, heatwaves, sea-ice, etc), ocean acidification (saturation state), oxygen availability and pelagic ecosystem system functioning (e.g. biomass and production). It provides guidance how different emission scenario are likely to impact marine ecosystems.

This study represents a pioneering step in the development of in situ monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) frameworks for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), a leading marine carbon dioxide removal strategy. The authors conducted one of the first open-ocean rhodamine tracer release experiments explicitly designed to simulate alkalinity enhancement, demonstrating a scalable and practical approach for tracking the fate of alkalinity additions in dynamic marine environments. By moving beyond theoretical modeling and implementing real world testing, this work establishes a critical methodological foundation for future field trials and offers a replicable strategy for validating carbon removal through OAE.