Biogeosciences
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Articles | Volume 23, issue 4
Articles | Volume 23, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1477-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1477-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 23, issue 4
Research article
 | 
24 Feb 2026
Research article |  | 24 Feb 2026

Annual growth rates of column-averaged CO2 inferred from Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON)

Nasrin Mostafavi Pak, Jonas Hachmeister, Markus Rettinger, Matthias Buschmann, Nicholas M. Deutscher, David W. T. Griffith, Laura T. Iraci, Xin Lan, Erin McGee, Isamu Morino, Dave Pollard, Coleen M. Roehl, Kimberly Strong, Rigel Kivi, and Paul Wennberg

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Short summary
We studied how carbon dioxide (CO2) levels change each year using long-term measurements from twelve sites worldwide. Average growth rates from 2010 to 2024 were about 2.4 ppm/year, with notable year-to-year and regional differences. Natural climate patterns influenced these changes, while temporary shifts in human emissions, such as during COVID‑19, had modest local effects. Monitoring CO2 growth across regions helps track emissions and assess mitigation efforts.
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