Articles | Volume 23, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1527-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1527-2026
Research article
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26 Feb 2026
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 26 Feb 2026

Nutrient flows and biogeomorphic feedbacks: linking seabird guano to plant traits and morphological change on sandy islands

Floris F. van Rees, Laura L. Govers, Polina Guseva, Maarten P. A. Zwarts, Camille Tuijnman, Cornelis J. Camphuysen, Gerben Ruessink, and Valérie C. Reijers

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Seabird guano is a vital nutrient source that drives "biogeomorphic feedbacks," shifting plant communities toward sediment-stabilizing species that physically reshape coastal landscapes. Van Rees and others demonstrate that guano-derived nitrogen enhances vegetation productivity and sediment retention, particularly in nutrient-poor sandy environments. These findings suggest that declining seabird populations could indirectly accelerate habitat loss due to the critical role of seabirds as "ecosystem engineers" who help build the very landscapes they depend on for survival, which has clear conservation implications.
Short summary
Seabird guano enriches nitrogen-loving plants and boost plants to trap sediment, driving the gradual growth and reshaping of coastal islands. By pairing on-site plant surveys with satellite imagery and elevation data, we show these effects vary with elevation, soil type, and season. Birds thus engineer and sustain their own breeding habitats. For conservation managers, protecting colonies is key to preserving the dynamic island landscapes these and other species rely on.
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