High-resolution remote sensing and machine-learning-based upscaling of methane fluxes: a case study in the Western Canadian tundra

Ivanova, Kseniia; Virkkala, Anna-Maria; Brovkin, Victor; Stacke, Tobias; Widhalm, Barbara; Bartsch, Annett; Voigt, Carolina; Sonnentag, Oliver; Göckede, Mathias

doi:10.5194/bg-23-233-2026

Articles | Volume 23, issue 1

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-233-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-233-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 23, issue 1

Research article

|

09 Jan 2026

Research article |

| 09 Jan 2026

High-resolution remote sensing and machine-learning-based upscaling of methane fluxes: a case study in the Western Canadian tundra

Kseniia Ivanova, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Victor Brovkin, Tobias Stacke, Barbara Widhalm, Annett Bartsch, Carolina Voigt, Oliver Sonnentag, and Mathias Göckede

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-233-2026-supplement

Data sets

CH4 Flux Dataset and Upscaling Maps for TVC, Canada, 2019–2024 Kseniia Ivanova et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15753253

Model code and software

Modelling and Comparing Methane Flux Upscaling at 1m and 10m Resolution in Trail Valley Creek Kseniia Ivanova et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15399084

Processing of the carbon gas chamber flux, with automatic window detection and manual improvement. Kseniia Ivanova and Mathias Göckede https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16732354

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Short summary

We measured over 13,000 methane fluxes at a site in the Canadian Arctic and linked them with drone and free satellite images. We tested four machine-learning methods and two map scales. Metre-scale maps captured small wet and dry features that strongly affect methane release, while coarser maps blurred them. Different models shifted the monthly methane estimate. This helps choose the right data and tools to map methane, design monitoring networks, and check climate models.