Articles | Volume 23, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-3871-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-3871-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Jun 2026
Research article |
| 12 Jun 2026
| 12 Jun 2026
Understanding the resilient carbon cycle response to the 2014–2015 Blob event in the Gulf of Alaska using a regional ocean biogeochemical model
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332-0340, USA
Takamitsu Ito
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332-0340, USA
Amanda H. V. Timmerman
Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, 23062-1346, USA
Christopher T. Reinhard
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332-0340, USA
Joseph P. Montoya
School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332-0230, USA
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Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-309, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-309, 2026
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We present Jingwei-Nutrients, a global monthly dataset of ocean nitrate, phosphate, and silicate from 1965 to 2023 down to 2000 meters. Built using a multi-task deep learning framework, it merges sparse historical data with ocean physics. This continuous record helps scientists understand marine ecosystems and climate change responses. We also provide the Jingwei web platform (https://jingwei.acemap.info/map) for dynamic data exploration and visualization without coding.
Juan Du, Lijing Cheng, Takamitsu Ito, Hernan E. Garcia, Zhankun Wang, Jonathan D. Sharp, Christopher J. Roach, Shoshiro Minobe, Yuntao Zhou, Bin Lu, Gian Giacomo Navarra, and Seth M. Bushinsky
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Jelle Bijma, Mathilde Hagens, Jens S. Hammes, Noah Planavsky, Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann, Tom Reershemius, Christopher T. Reinhard, Phil Renforth, Tim J. Suhrhoff, Sara Vicca, Arthur Vienne, and Dieter Wolf-Gladrow
Biogeosciences, 23, 53–75, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-53-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-53-2026, 2026
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Enhanced rock weathering is a nature based negative emission technology, that permanently stores CO2. It requires rock-flour to be added to arable land with the help of farmers. To be eligible for carbon credits calls for a simple but scientifically solid, so called, Monitoring, Reporting & Verification” (MRV). We demonstrate that the commonly used carbon-based accounting is ill-suited to close the balance in open systems such as arable land, and argue for cation-based accounting strategy.
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Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-411, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-411, 2025
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Lyuba Novi, Annalisa Bracco, Takamitsu Ito, and Yohei Takano
Biogeosciences, 21, 3985–4005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3985-2024, 2024
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Precious Mongwe, Matthew Long, Takamitsu Ito, Curtis Deutsch, and Yeray Santana-Falcón
Biogeosciences, 21, 3477–3490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3477-2024, 2024
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We use a collection of measurements that capture the physiological sensitivity of organisms to temperature and oxygen and a CESM1 large ensemble to investigate how natural climate variations and climate warming will impact the ability of marine heterotrophic marine organisms to support habitats in the future. We find that warming and dissolved oxygen loss over the next several decades will reduce the volume of ocean habitats and will increase organisms' vulnerability to extremes.
Yoshiki Kanzaki, Isabella Chiaravalloti, Shuang Zhang, Noah J. Planavsky, and Christopher T. Reinhard
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4515–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4515-2024, 2024
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Soil pH is one of the most commonly measured agronomical and biogeochemical indices, mostly reflecting exchangeable acidity. Explicit simulation of both porewater and bulk soil pH is thus crucial to the accurate evaluation of alkalinity required to counteract soil acidification and the resulting capture of anthropogenic carbon dioxide through the enhanced weathering technique. This has been enabled by the updated reactive–transport SCEPTER code and newly developed framework to simulate soil pH.
Takamitsu Ito, Hernan E. Garcia, Zhankun Wang, Shoshiro Minobe, Matthew C. Long, Just Cebrian, James Reagan, Tim Boyer, Christopher Paver, Courtney Bouchard, Yohei Takano, Seth Bushinsky, Ahron Cervania, and Curtis A. Deutsch
Biogeosciences, 21, 747–759, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, 2024
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Kazumi Ozaki, Devon B. Cole, Christopher T. Reinhard, and Eiichi Tajika
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7593–7639, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7593-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7593-2022, 2022
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A new biogeochemical model (CANOPS-GRB v1.0) for assessing the redox stability and dynamics of the ocean–atmosphere system on geologic timescales has been developed. In this paper, we present a full description of the model and its performance. CANOPS-GRB is a useful tool for understanding the factors regulating atmospheric O2 level and has the potential to greatly refine our current understanding of Earth's oxygenation history.
Yoshiki Kanzaki, Shuang Zhang, Noah J. Planavsky, and Christopher T. Reinhard
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 4959–4990, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4959-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4959-2022, 2022
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Increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is an urgent issue in the coming century. Enhanced rock weathering in soils can be one of the most efficient C capture strategies. On the basis as a weathering simulator, the newly developed SCEPTER model implements bio-mixing by fauna/humans and enables organic matter and crushed rocks/minerals at the soil surface with an option to track their particle size distributions. Those features can be useful for evaluating the carbon capture efficiency.
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Short summary
Marine heatwaves are defined by periods of unusually high sea temperature. Although warmer seawater usually reduces the ocean’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide, observations in the Gulf of Alaska showed a surprising drop in carbon dioxide during the 2014–2015 “Blob” heatwave. Using an ocean biogeochemical model, we found that this decline resulted from reduced dissolved inorganic carbon caused by weakened physical supply in winter 2013, just before the Blob began.
Marine heatwaves are defined by periods of unusually high sea temperature. Although warmer...
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