Biogeosciences
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Articles | Volume 23, issue 13
Articles | Volume 23, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-4463-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-4463-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 23, issue 13
Research article
 | 
06 Jul 2026
Research article |  | 06 Jul 2026

Combining microbial, isotopic and residence time data to characterize groundwater dynamics in a multi-layered aquifer system in Kurikka, western Finland

Lotta Purkamo, Juuso Ikonen, Marie-Amélie Pétré, Niko Putkinen, Jürgen Sültenfuss, Minna Myllyperkiö, Anna-Maria Hokajärvi, Tarja Pitkänen, and Ilkka T. Miettinen

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Short summary
This study explored a complex aquifer in western Finland to understand how underground water moves and what kind of microbial life it supports. By combining chemical, isotopic, and biological analyses, we found that shallow waters are younger while deeper waters are older and more isolated, and these host different microbial communities. These findings help explain how groundwater systems work and support better management of this vital resource for drinking water supply.
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