Articles | Volume 23, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-6299-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-6299-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Characterization of variability of water and nutrient cycles in small floodplain water bodies using a geochemical multi-tracer
United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Yu Umezawa
Department of Environmental Science on Biosphere, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
Cited articles
Abdelwaheb, M., Jebali, K., Dhaouadi, H., and Dridi-Dhaouadi, S.: Adsorption of nitrate, phosphate, nickel and lead on soils: Risk of groundwater contamination, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 179, 182–187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.040, 2019.
Amoros, C. and Roux, A. L.: Interactions between water bodies within floodplains of large rivers: function and development of connectivity, in: Connectivity in Landscape Ecology. Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar of the “International Association for Landscape Ecology” (IALE) in Münster, edited by: Schreiber, K.-F., Münstersche Geographische Arbeiten, 125–130, ISBN 13 978-3-506-73229-3, 1988.
Appling, A. P., Bernhardt, E. S., and Stanford, J. A.: Floodplain biogeochemical mosaics: A multidimensional view of alluvial soils, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 119, 1538–1553, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002543, 2014.
Arauzo, M., Valladolid, M., and Martínez-Bastida, J. J.: Spatio-temporal dynamics of nitrogen in river-alluvial aquifer systems affected by diffuse pollution from agricultural sources: Implications for the implementation of the Nitrates Directive, J. Hydrol. (Amst)., 411, 155–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.004, 2011.
Asano, Y., Uchida, T., and Ohte, N.: Hydrologic and geochemical influences on the dissolved silica concentration in natural water in a steep headwater catchment, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 67, 1973–1989, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01342-X, 2003.
Bernard-Jannin, L., Sun, X., Teissier, S., Sauvage, S., and Sánchez-Pérez, J. M.: Spatio-temporal analysis of factors controlling nitrate dynamics and potential denitrification hot spots and hot moments in groundwater of an alluvial floodplain, Ecol. Eng., 103, 372–384, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.12.031, 2017.
Biehler, A., Chaillou, G., Buffin-Bélanger, T., and Baudron, P.: Hydrological connectivity in the aquifer–river continuum: impact of river stages on the geochemistry of groundwater floodplains, J. Hydrol. (Amst)., 590, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125379, 2020.
Bondar-Kunze, E., Preiner, S., Schiemer, F., Weigelhofer, G., and Hein, T.: Effect of enhanced water exchange on ecosystem functions in backwaters of an urban floodplain, Aquat. Sci., 71, 437–447, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-009-0101-7, 2009.
Bornette, G. and Amoros, C.: Aquatic vegetation and hydrology of a braided river floodplain, J. Veg. Sci., 2, 497–512, https://doi.org/10.2307/3236032, 1991.
Boulton, A. J., Datry, T., Kasahara, T., Mutz, M., and Stanford, J. A.: Ecology and management of the hyporheic zone: Stream-groundwater interactions of running waters and their floodplains, J. North Am. Benthol. Soc., 29, 26–40, https://doi.org/10.1899/08-017.1, 2010.
Brunke, M.: Floodplains of a regulated southern alpine river (Brenno, Switzerland): Ecological assessment and conservation options, Aquat. Conserv., 12, 583–599, https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.544, 2002.
Brunke, M., Hoehn, E., and Gonser, T.: Patchiness of river–groundwater interactions within two floodplain landscapes and diversity of aquatic invertebrate communities, Ecosystems, 6, 707–722, https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00021501, 2003.
Brzezinski, M. A.: The Si: C: N ratio of marine diatoms: interspecific variability and the effect of some environmental variables, J. Phycol., 21, 347–357, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1985.00347.x, 1985.
Carbiener, R., Trémolières, M., Mercier, J. L., and Ortscheit, A.: Aquatic macrophyte communities as bioindicators of eutrophication in calcareous oligosaprobe stream waters (Upper Rhine plain, Alsace), Vegetation, 86, 71–88, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00045135, 1990.
Carlyle, G. C. and Hill, A. R.: Groundwater phosphate dynamics in a river riparian zone: effects of hydrologic flowpaths, lithology and redox chemistry, J. Hydrol. (Amst)., 247, 151–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00375-4, 2001.
Casciotti, K. L., Sigman, D. M., Hastings, M. G., Böhlke, J. K., and Hilkert, A.: Measurement of the oxygen isotopic composition of nitrate in seawater and freshwater using the denitrifier method, Anal. Chem., 74, 4905–4912, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac020113w, 2002.
Dansgaard, W.: Stable isotopes in precipitation, Tellus A: Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanogr., 16, 436, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v16i4.8993, 1964.
Denda, M., Yamashita, S., Ozawa, T., and Shimatani, Y.: Backwaters and fish community – on environmental factors affecting fish community in backwaters, Jpn. J. Ecol., 52, 287–294, https://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.52.2_287, 2002 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Denda, M., Amano, K., and Tuzimoto, T.: A study on contribution of temporary water area to the diversity of fish community and physical environment which influences the contribution, Japanese Journal of JSCE G, 62, 340–358, https://doi.org/10.2208/jscejg.62.340, 2006 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Dignac, M. F., Ginestet, P., Rybacki, D., Bruchet, A., Urbain, V., and Scribe, P.: Fate of wastewater organic pollution during activated sludge treatment: nature of residual organic matter, Water Res., 34, 4185–4194, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00195-0, 2000.
Dimova, N. T. and Burnett, W. C.: Evaluation of groundwater discharge into small lakes based on the temporal distribution of radon-222, Limnol. Oceanogr., 56, 486–494, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0486, 2011.
Egge, J. K. and Aksnes, D. L.: Silicate as regulating nutrient in phytoplankton competition, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 83, 281–289, https://doi.org/10.3354/MEPS083281, 1992.
Egge, J. K. and Jacobsen, A.: Influence of silicate on particulate carbon production in phytoplankton, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 147, 219–230, https://doi.org/10.3354/MEPS147219, 1997.
Ellins, K. K., Roman-Mas, A., and Lee, R.: Using 222Rn to examine groundwater/surface discharge interaction in the Rio Grande de Manati, Puerto Rico, J. Hydrol. (Amst)., 115, 319–341, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90212-G, 1990.
Filstrup, C. T., Heathcote, A. J., Kendall, D. L., and Downing, J. A.: Phytoplankton taxonomic compositional shifts across nutrient and light gradients in temperate lakes, Inland Waters, 6, 234–249, https://doi.org/10.5268/IW-6.2.939, 2016.
Forshay, K. J. and Stanley, E. H.: Rapid nitrate loss and denitrification in a temperate river floodplain, Biogeochemistry, 75, 43–64, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-6016-4, 2005.
Galat, D. L., Kubisiak, J. F., Hooker, J. B., and Sowa, L. M.: Geomorphology, distribution and connectivity of lower Missouri River floodplain waterbodies scoured by the flood of 1993, Verh. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 26, 869–878, https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1995.11900842, 1997.
Gallardo, A.: Spatial Variability of Soil Properties in a Floodplain Forest in Northwest Spain, Ecosystems, 6, 564–576, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0198-9, 2003.
Gmitrowicz-Iwan, J., Ligeȩza, S., Pranagal, J., Smal, H., and Olenderek, H.: Small floodplain reservoirs in the face of climate change – sink or source of nutrients?, Water, 12, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123423, 2020.
Gooddy, D. C., Macdonald, D. M. J., Lapworth, D. J., Bennett, S. A., and Griffiths, K. J.: Nitrogen sources, transport and processing in peri-urban floodplains, Sci. Tot. Environ., 494–495, 28–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.123, 2014.
Hancock, P. J.: Human impacts on the stream-groundwater exchange zone, Environ. Manage., 29, 763–781, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-001-0064-5, 2002.
Heiler, G., Hein, T., Schiemer, F., and Bornette, G.: Hydrological connectivity and flood pulses as the central aspects for the integrity of a river‐floodplain system, Reg. Riv.: Res. Mgmt., 11, 351–361, 1995.
Holman, I. P., Howden, N. J. K., Bellamy, P., Willby, N., Whelan, M. J., and Rivas-Casado, M.: An assessment of the risk to surface water ecosystems of groundwater P in the UK and Ireland, Sci. Tot. Environ., 408, 1847–1857, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.026, 2010.
Hosono, Y.: A geographical study on the groundwater table database in Tokyo area, Memoirs of Nara University, 31, 147–166, 2003 (in Japanese).
Houser, J. N., Bartsch, L. A., Richardson, W. B., Rogala, J. T., and Sullivan, J. F.: Ecosystem metabolism and nutrient dynamics in the main channel and backwaters of the Upper Mississippi River, Freshw. Biol., 60, 1863–1879, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12617, 2015.
Huang, G., Liu, C., Zhang, Y., and Chen, Z.: Groundwater is important for the geochemical cycling of phosphorus in rapidly urbanized areas: a case study in the Pearl River Delta, Environ. Pollut., 260, 114079, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2020.114079, 2020.
Humborg, C., Ittekkot, V., Cociasu, A., and Bodungen, B. V.: Effect of Danube River dam on Black Sea biogeochemistry and ecosystem structure, Nature, 386, 385–388, https://doi.org/10.1038/386385A0, 1997.
Inamura, A. and Yasuhara, M.: Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic rations of river water in the Kanto plain and surrounding mountainous regions, Japan, J. Jpn. Assoc. Hydrol. Sci., 33, 115–124, https://doi.org/10.4145/jahs.33.115, 2003 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Inoue, N. and Akagi, T.: The influence of the dam and sewage treatment plants on the silicon budget of the Tamagawa River, Chikyukagaku, Geochemistry, 40, 137–145, 2006.
Johnson, M. F., Wilby, R. L., and Toone, J. A.: Inferring air-water temperature relationships from river and catchment properties, Hydrol. Process., 28, 2912–2928, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9842, 2014.
Junk, W. J., Peter B. Bayley, and Richard E. Sparks: The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems, Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 106, 110–127, 1989.
Justić, D., Rabalais, N. N., Turner, R. E., and Dortch, Q.: Changes in nutrient structure of river-dominated coastal waters: stoichiometric nutrient balance and its consequences, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 40, 339–356, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80014-9, 1995.
Kaden, U. S., Fuchs, E., Geyer, S., Hein, T., Horchler, P., Rupp, H., Scholz, M., Schulz-Zunkel, C., and Weigelhofer, G.: Soil characteristics and hydromorphological patterns control denitrification at the floodplain scale, Front. Earth Sci. (Lausanne), 9, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.708707, 2021.
Kayaba, Y., Denda, M., and Shimatani, Y.: The basic study the factors that cause the creation of Wando and their characteristics at Chikuma river, Environ. Syst. Res., 25, 611–616, https://doi.org/10.2208/proer1988.25.611, 1997 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Kellogg, D. Q., Gold, A. J., Groffman, P. M., Addy, K., Stolt, M. H., and Blazejewski, G.: In situ ground water denitrification in stratified, permeable soils underlying riparian wetlands, J. Environ. Qual., 34, 524–533, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0524, 2005.
Kendall, C., Elliott, E. M., and Wankel, S. D.: Tracing anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen to ecosystems, in: Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science, edited by: Michener, R. H. and Lajtha, K., Blackwell Publishing, 375–449, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470691854.ch12, 2007.
Keruzoré, A. A., Willby, N. J., and Gilvear, D. J.: The role of lateral connectivity in the maintenance of macrophyte diversity and production in large rivers, Aquat. Conserv., 23, 301–315, https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2288, 2013.
Khamis, K., Sorensen, J. P. R., Bradley, C., Hannah, D. M., Lapworth, D. J., and Stevens, R.: In situ tryptophan-like fluorometers: assessing turbidity and temperature effects for freshwater applications, Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts, 17, 740–752, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EM00030K, 2015.
Kimizuka, Y.: A study on transition and fishfauna of artificial wand-pool in the middle reaches of Tama-gawa River, Environ. Eng. Res., 35, 285–293, https://doi.org/10.11532/proes1992.35.285, 1998 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Knowlton, M. E. and Jones, J. R.: Trophic status of Missouri River floodplain lakes in relation to basin type and connectivity, Wetlands, 17, 468–475, 1997.
Kobayashi, J.: A chemical study on the average quality and characteristics of river waters of Japan, H. Agric. Sci., 48, 63–101, 1961.
Kovalenko, K. E., Reavie, E. D., Allan, J. D., Cai, M., Smith, S. D. P., and Johnson, L. B.: Pelagic phytoplankton community change-points across nutrient gradients and in response to invasive mussels, Freshw. Biol., 62, 366–381, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12873, 2017.
Lewandowski, J. and Nützmann, G.: Nutrient retention and release in a floodplain's aquifer and in the hyporheic zone of a lowland river, Ecol. Eng., 36, 1156–1166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.01.005, 2010.
Lewandowski, J., Meinikmann, K., Nützmann, G., and Rosenberry, D. O.: Groundwater – the disregarded component in lake water and nutrient budgets, Part 2: Effects of groundwater on nutrients, Hydrol. Process., 29, 2922–2955, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10384, 2015.
Maavara, T., Chen, Q., Van Meter, K., Brown, L. E., Zhang, J., Ni, J., and Zarfl, C.: River dam impacts on biogeochemical cycling, Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 1, 103–116, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-019-0019-0, 2020.
McCarty, G. W., Mookherji, S., and Angier, J. T.: Characterization of denitrification activity in zones of groundwater exfiltration within a riparian wetland ecosystem, Biol. Fertil. Soils, 43, 691–698, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-006-0151-0, 2006.
McClain, M. E., Boyer, E. W., Dent, C. L., Gergel, S. E., Grimm, N. B., Groffman, P. M., Hart, S. C., Harvey, J. W., Johnston, C. A., Mayorga, E., McDowell, W. H., and Pinay, G.: Biogeochemical hot spots and hot moments at the interface of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, Ecosystems, 6, 301–312, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0161-9, 2003.
Minagawa, T., Okamura, M., Onikura, N., Hayashi, H., and Shimatani, Y.: Evaluation for floodplain and dependent species conservation on artificial off-channel habitat inflow groundwater at the Kikuchi river, Adv. Riv. Eng., 21, 19, https://doi.org/10.11532/river.21.0_19, 2015 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Nagayama, S., Harada, M., and Kayaba, Y.: Is it possible to restore floodplains by excavating high water areas? A case study of natural levees, Ecol. Civ. Eng., 17, 67, https://doi.org/10.3825/ece.17.67, 2015 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Nakajima, J., Eguchi, K., Inui, R., Nishida, T., Nakatani, M., Onikura, N., and Oikawa, S.: Inhabitation of an artificial backwater zone (wando-pool) in the estuarine basin of the Kitagawa River, southern Kyushu, by fish, crabs, and insects, Ecol. Civ. Eng., 11, 183–193, https://doi.org/10.3825/ece.11.183, 2008 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Nakamura, S. and Oki, T.: Paradigm shifts on flood risk management in Japan: detecting triggers of design flood revisions in the modern era, Water Resour. Res., 54, 5504–5515, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017WR022509, 2018.
Nakano-Ohta, T., Saito, T., and Sato, J.: Seasonal Variation in 222Rn Concentration of Groundwater Observed at Kawasaki, Radioisotopes, 54, 593–597, 2005.
Obana, M., Toda, Y., and Tsujimoto, T.: Transition of denitrification potential driven by sub-surface flow in alternate bar reach of the Yahagi River, J. Jpn. Soc. Civ. Eng. Ser. B1, 68, 625–630, https://doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.68.I_625, 2011 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Oguchi, T., Saito, K., Kadomura, H., and Grossman, M.: Fluvial geomorphology and paleohydrology in Japan, Geomorphology, 39, 3–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00048-4, 2001.
Ohira, N., Ueda, T., Watanabe, K., Mizuno, K., Ino, R., and Aso, J.: Visit to valuable water springs (60): Valuable water–springs in the Musashino Plateau, Tokyo, J. Groundw. Hydrol., 45, 81–93, https://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.45.81, 2003 (in Japanese).
Pinay, G., Black, V. J., Planty-Tabacchi, A. M., Gumiero, B., and Décamps, H.: Geomorphic control of denitrification in large river floodplain soils, Biogeochemistry, 50, 163–182, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006317004639, 2000.
Pinay, G., Gumiero, B., Tabacchi, E., Gimenez, O., Tabacchi-Planty, A. M., Hefting, M. M., Burt, T. P., Black, V. A., Nilsson, C., Iordache, V., Bureau, F., Vought, L., Petts, G. E., and Décamps, H.: Patterns of denitrification rates in European alluvial soils under various hydrological regimes, Freshw. Biol., 52, 252–266, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01680.x, 2007.
Pongsivapai, P., Negishi, J. N., Izumi, H., Garrido, P. A., and Kuramochi, K.: Morphometry-driven divergence in decadal changes of sediment property in floodplain water bodies, Water, 13, https://doi.org/10.3390/w13040469, 2021.
Redfield, A. C.: On the Proportions of Organic Derivatives in Sea Water and Their Relation to the Composition of Plankton, University Press of Liverpool, Liverpool, 176–192, 1934.
Roozen, F. C. J. M., Peeters, E. T. H. M., Roijackers, R., Wyngaert, I. V. D., Wolters, H., De Coninck, H., Ibelings, B. W., Buijse, A. D., and Scheffer, M.: Fast response of lake plankton and nutrients to river inundations on floodplain lakes, River Res. Appl., 24, 388–406, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1071, 2008.
Saito, M. and Takata, S.: A source of ground water 222Rn around Tachikawa Fault, Radioisotopes, 43, 507–514, https://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.43.9_507, 1994 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Schaper, J. L., Zarfl, C., Meinikmann, K., Banks, E. W., Baron, S., Cirpka, O. A., and Lewandowski, J.: Spatial Variability of Radon Production Rates in an Alluvial Aquifer Affects Travel Time Estimates of Groundwater Originating From a Losing Stream, Water Resour. Res., 58, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR030635, 2022.
Shimada, J., Dapaah-Siakwan, S., and Yoshihara, M.: Characteristics of Groundwater Recharge and Flow Induced by Tritium, in: Research on exchange of surface water and groundwater in Tama River system, edited by: Kayane, I., Chap. 6, Tokyu Foundation for Better Environment, Academic Research Report 160, 124–129, 80, 1994a (in Japanese).
Shimada, J., Kumada, M., Watanabe, K., Oouchi, M., Imoo, M., and Dapaah-Siakwan, S.: Flow analysis of groundwater using stable isotope ratio, in: Research on exchange of surface water and groundwater in Tama River system, edited by: Kayane, I., Chap. 7, Tokyu Foundation for Better Environment, Academic Research Report No. 160, 148–160, 1994b (in Japanese).
Shimano, Y.: Spring water of the Musashino upland, in: Research on exchange of surface water and groundwater in Tama River system, edited by: Kayane, I., Chap. 5, Tokyu Foundation for Better Environment, Academic Research Report No. 160, 33–42, 1994 (in Japanese)
Shindo, S.: Hydrogeology of the Musashino Terrace, J. Geogr. (Chigaku Zasshi), 77, 223–246, https://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.77.4_223, 1968 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Sigman, D. M., Casciotti, K. L., Andreani, M., Barford, C., Galanter, M., and Böhlke, J. K.: A bacterial method for the nitrogen isotopic analysis of nitrate in seawater and freshwater, Anal. Chem., 73, 4145–4153, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac010088e, 2001.
Spink, A., Sparks, R. E., Van Oorschot, M., and Verhoeven, J. T. A.: Nutrient dynamics of large river floodplains, River Res. Appl., 14, 203–216, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199803/04)14:2<203::AID-RRR498>3.0.CO;2-7, 1998.
Takahashi, Y. and Uitto, J. I.: Evolution of river management in Japan: from focus on economic benefits to a comprehensive view, Glob. Environ. Change, 14, 63–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2003.11.005, 2004.
Takano, S.: Stratigraphy of the lower Pleistocene Kazusa Group in the Tama Hills, central Japan, J. Geol. Soc. Jpn., 100, 675–691, https://doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.100.675, 1994 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Texier, J., Gonçalvès, J., Stieglitz, T., Vallet-Coulomb, C., Labille, J., Marc, V., Poulain, A., and Dussouillez, P.: Groundwater-surface water exchanges in an alluvial plain in southern France subjected to pumping: a coupled multitracer and modeling approach, J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud., 56, 101995, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.101995, 2024.
Tockner, K. and Stanford, J. A.: Review of: riverine flood plains: present state and future trends, Environ. Conserv., 29, 308–330, https://doi.org/10.1017/S037689290200022X, 2002.
Tockner, K., Pennetzdorfer, D., Reiner, N., Schiemer, F., and Ward, J. V: Hydrological connectivity, and the exchange of organic matter and nutrients in a dynamic river-floodplain system (Danube, Austria), Freshw. Biol., 41, 521–535, 1999.
Turner, R. E., Qureshi, N., Rabalais, N. N., Dortch, Q., Justić, D., Shaw, R. F., and Cope, J.: Fluctuating silicate:nitrate ratios and coastal plankton food webs, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 95, 13048–13051, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.22.13048, 1998.
Uchida, S., Hashimoto, Y., Takamoto, A., Noguchi, K., Klysubun, W., and Wang, S. L.: Phosphate binding to allophane and ferrihydrite with implications for volcanic ash soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 86, 1571–1581, https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20463, 2022.
Ueba, R. and Umezawa, Y.: Water chemistry and geochemical tracer dataset from the Tama River Watershed, Japan (2022) (Version 1.0), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20115076, 2026.
Ueda, T., Mizuno, K., Iino, R., Oohira, N., Nakamura, S., and Aso, J.: The present condition of spring water in Tokyo, J. Groundw. Hydrol., 42, 235–241, https://doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.42.235, 2000 (in Japanese).
Unrein, F.: Changes in phytoplankton community along a transversal section of the Lower Paraná floodplain, Argentina, Hydrobiologia, 468, 123–134, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015254320940, 2002.
Van Den Brink, F. W. B. and Van Der Velde, G.: Macrozoobenthos of floodplain waters of the rivers Rhine and Meuse in the Netherlands: a structural and functional analysis in relation to hydrology, Regul. Riv. Res. Mgmt., 6, 265–277, https://doi.org/10.1002/rrr.3450060405, 1991.
Van Den Brink, F. W. B., De Leeuw, J. P. H. M., Van Der Velde, G., and Verheggen, G. M.: Impact of hydrology on the chemistry and phytoplankton development in floodplain lakes along the Lower Rhine and Meuse, Biogeochemistry, 19, 103–128, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00000798, 1993.
Van Den Brink, F. W. B., Van Katwijk, M. M., and Van Der Velde, G.: Impact of hydrology on phyto- and zooplankton community composition in floodplain lakes along the Lower Rhine and Meuse, J. Plankton Res., 16, 351–373, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/16.4.351, 1994.
Verstraeten, I. M., Böhlke, J. K., Kraemer, T. F., and Cannia, J. C.: Use of environmental tracers and isotopes to evaluate sources of water, nitrate, and uranium in an irrigated alluvial valley, Nebraska, US Geological Survey, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10001, 2002.
Vidon, P. G. F. and Hill, A. R.: Landscape controls on nitrate removal in stream riparian zones, Water Resour. Res., 40, 3201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002473, 2004.
Wakamatsu, T., Konohira, E., Shindo, J., Yoshioka, T., Okamoto, K., Itaya, A., and Kim, M.-S.: Dissolved Inorganic Phosphate Concentration in Stream Water in Japan and Factors Controlling the Concentration, J. Water Environ. Technol., 29, 679–686, 2006.
Ward, J. V: The four-dimensional nature of lotic ecosystems, J. North Am. Benthol. Soc., 8, 2–8, https://doi.org/10.2307/1467397, 1989.
Ward, J. V, Tockner, K., and Schiemer, F.: Biodiversity of floodplain river ecosystems: ecotones and connectivity, River Res. Appl., 15, 125–139, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199901/06)15:1/3<125::AID-RRR523>3.0.CO;2-E, 1999.
Waseda, A. and Nakai, N.: Isotopic compositions of meteoric and surface waters in central and northeast Japan, Geochem. J. (chikyukagaku), 17, 83–91, https://doi.org/10.14934/chikyukagaku.17.83, 1983 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Wei, Q., Yao, Q., Wang, B., Wang, H., and Yu, Z.: Long-term variation of nutrients in the southern Yellow Sea, Cont. Shelf Res., 111, 184–196, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CSR.2015.08.003, 2015.
Yamanaka, M.: Contributions of C3/C4 organic materials and carbonate rock to dissolved inorganic carbon in a karst groundwater system on Miyakojima Island, southwestern Japan, J. Hydrol. (Amst)., 412–413, 151–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.07.046, 2012.
Yang, F., Wei, Q., Chen, H., and Yao, Q.: Long-term variations and influence factors of nutrients in the western North Yellow Sea, China, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 135, 1026–1034, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.034, 2018.
Zurbrügg, R., Suter, S., Lehmann, M. F., Wehrli, B., and Senn, D. B.: Organic carbon and nitrogen export from a tropical dam-impacted floodplain system, Biogeosciences, 10, 23–38, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-23-2013, 2013.
Short summary
Using multi-geochemical indicators, this study revealed that the contribution of river water and groundwater as water sources differs among the backwaters in the floodplains of an urban river in Tokyo, influencing the internal balance of nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, silicate). Consequently, the presence of backwaters in urban rivers is expected to provide diverse aquatic environments, suggesting a potential contribution to maintaining biodiversity in the floodplain.
Using multi-geochemical indicators, this study revealed that the contribution of river water and...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint