European forests are an important carbon sink, but this sink and the carbon stocks that these forests contain are at risk from biotic disturbances and extreme events. Besnard and others use observations of forest changes to show that older and more carbon rich forests are disproportionately impacted by these events and are projected to become even more susceptible, emphasizing the role of proactive management to ensure forest resilience and diversity.

Soil organic carbon stocks at depth are poorly known despite their central importance to the global carbon cycle. Florez Orosco and others demonstrate a novel method for estimating these carbon stocks using complex electrical conductivity. Increases in low frequency polarization are linearly related to soil organic carbon, which was used to discover soil organic carbon at 4-6 m depth in a catchment dominated by silty loam soils. Their findings present a path forward for quantifying deep soil organic carbon stocks across different terrestrial ecosystems.