Biogeosciences
Biogeosciences
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Articles | Volume 23, issue 21
Articles | Volume 23, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-7705-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-7705-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 23, issue 21
Research article
 | 
03 Nov 2026
Research article |  | 03 Nov 2026

Phenology and surface energy balance changes across northern lands

Olivia Hau, Matthias Forkel, Wolfgang Buermann, Johanna Kranz, Mirco Migliavacca, Ulrich Weber, Annu Panwar, and Alexander Josef Winkler

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Short summary
Shifts in spring and autumn growth due to climate warming change how plants reflect sunlight and release heat and moisture into the air, modulating surface warming. The strength of these effects and their regional variability remain poorly understood. Using satellite and climate data, we show that earlier spring growth increases moisture release, especially in forests, while autumn changes are smaller and less consistent. Impacts on land-atmosphere interactions vary by ecosystem and data source.
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