We investigated how the size and diversity of tree patches in Indonesian oil palm landscapes influence the movement of water to the atmosphere and local cooling. Our study shows that larger tree patches increase cooling mainly by supporting greater plant diversity and more complex vegetation structure. These findings suggest that expanding and diversifying tree patches can help manage microclimate and water cycling in agricultural areas.

We studied seventy-two small streams to understand why some release more nitrous oxide, a powerful greenhouse gas, than others. By measuring water chemistry and physical factors across seasons, we found a strong positive association between nitrate and nitrous oxide levels, especially in acidic waters. Overall, these results show that managing nitrogen in sensitive landscapes might reduce climate impacts.

We tried to understand how parameter choices can impact ocean model results over long-timescale simulations. Using a standard ocean biogeochemical model, we modified the physics slightly and then used an objective tuning procedure to create 3 ocean biogeochemical models that perform nearly identically for the modern ocean. These 3 models gave similar results but for different underlying reasons, which caused the models to respond differently when forced with fossil CO₂ emissions.