The North Pacific oligotrophic ocean gyre (NPOG), with low phytoplankton biomass, covers about 40 % of the North Pacific. The variations in NPOG seasonal cycle, which have a greater impact than its annual mean changes, are influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation from 1998 to 2021. However, from 2021 to 2100, a weakened NPOG seasonal cycle is expected due to climate change. These changes in NPOG seasonal cycle could affect fisheries and marine ecosystems.

Illegal logging is a major environmental concern in the Amazon. We tested whether the isotopic composition of carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) in wood can support timber traceability. Using machine-learning models, we generated basin-wide isoscapes showing that both isotopes capture consistent environmental gradients, providing a scientific basis to improve provenance verification and guide enforcement efforts.

Primary production helps regulate climate and is governed by nutrient availability. We used biogeochemical states and rates with proteomics to study how resource availability shapes metabolism in Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. Both picocyanobacteria were phosphorus stressed in the western Atlantic, but Prochlorococcus was nitrogen, iron, zinc and cobalamin stressed in the east. Our findings provide species and ecotype level insights into oceanic nutrient acquisition and metabolism.

Microbial enzymes are critical to marine biogeochemical cycles, but which microbes are producing those enzymes? We used a targeted proteomics method to quantify how much Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus contribute to surface ocean alkaline phosphatase activity. We find that alkaline phosphatase abundance is limited by the availability of iron, zinc and cobalt (which may substitute for zinc).

Farmers often use fire to clear dead pasture biomass, impacting vegetation and soil nutrients. This study integrates fire management into a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM) to assess its effects, focusing on Brazil. The results show that combining grazing and fire management reduces vegetation carbon and soil nitrogen over time. The research highlights the need to include these practices in models to improve pasture management assessments and calls for better data on fire usage and its long-term effects.

This study reconstructs global ocean surface pCO₂ (2000–2019) using multi-source data and machine learning, identifying Random Forest (RF) as the optimal model and revealing equatorial-high/polar-low patterns with rising trends.