Articles | Volume 12, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3725-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3725-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Jun 2015
Research article |
| 17 Jun 2015
Patterns and persistence of hydrologic carbon and nutrient export from collapsing upland permafrost
Department of Biology and Wildlife and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA
Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), UMR6553 ECOBIO-CNRS, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
J. B. Jones
Department of Biology and Wildlife and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA
S. E. Godsey
Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, USA
J. R. Larouche
The Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Birmingham, USA
W. B. Bowden
The Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Birmingham, USA
Related authors
Arial J. Shogren, Jay P. Zarnetske, Benjamin W. Abbott, Samuel Bratsman, Brian Brown, Michael P. Carey, Randy Fulweber, Heather E. Greaves, Emma Haines, Frances Iannucci, Joshua C. Koch, Alexander Medvedeff, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, Leika Patch, Brett A. Poulin, Tanner J. Williamson, and William B. Bowden
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 95–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-95-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-95-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rapidly sampling multiple points in an entire river network provides a high-resolution snapshot in time that can reveal where nutrients and carbon are being taken up and released. Here, we describe two such datasets of river network chemistry in six Arctic watersheds in northern Alaska. We describe how these repeated snapshots can be used as an indicator of ecosystem response to climate change and to improve predictions of future release of carbon, nutrient, and other solutes.
Hang Wen, Julia Perdrial, Benjamin W. Abbott, Susana Bernal, Rémi Dupas, Sarah E. Godsey, Adrian Harpold, Donna Rizzo, Kristen Underwood, Thomas Adler, Gary Sterle, and Li Li
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 945–966, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-945-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-945-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Lateral carbon fluxes from terrestrial to aquatic systems remain central uncertainties in determining ecosystem carbon balance. This work explores how temperature and hydrology control production and export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at the catchment scale. Results illustrate the asynchrony of DOC production, controlled by temperature, and export, governed by flow paths; concentration–discharge relationships are determined by the relative contribution of shallow versus groundwater flow.
Michael M. Loranty, Benjamin W. Abbott, Daan Blok, Thomas A. Douglas, Howard E. Epstein, Bruce C. Forbes, Benjamin M. Jones, Alexander L. Kholodov, Heather Kropp, Avni Malhotra, Steven D. Mamet, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Susan M. Natali, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, Gareth K. Phoenix, Adrian V. Rocha, Oliver Sonnentag, Ken D. Tape, and Donald A. Walker
Biogeosciences, 15, 5287–5313, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5287-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5287-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation and soils strongly influence ground temperature in permafrost ecosystems across the Arctic and sub-Arctic. These effects will cause differences rates of permafrost thaw related to the distribution of tundra and boreal forests. As the distribution of forests and tundra change, the effects of climate change on permafrost will also change. We review the ecosystem processes that will influence permafrost thaw and outline how they will feed back to climate warming.
Zahra Thomas, Benjamin W. Abbott, Olivier Troccaz, Jacques Baudry, and Gilles Pinay
Biogeosciences, 13, 1863–1875, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1863-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1863-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Direct human impact on a catchment (fertilizer input, soil disturbance, urbanization) is asymmetrically linked with inherent catchment properties (geology, soil, topography), which together determine catchment vulnerability to human activity. To quantify the influence of physical, hydrologic, and anthropogenic controls on surface water quality, we used a 5-year high-frequency water chemistry data set from three contrasting headwater catchments in western France.
J. E. Vonk, S. E. Tank, P. J. Mann, R. G. M. Spencer, C. C. Treat, R. G. Striegl, B. W. Abbott, and K. P. Wickland
Biogeosciences, 12, 6915–6930, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6915-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6915-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We found that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in arctic soils and aquatic systems is increasingly degradable with increasing permafrost extent. Also, DOC seems less degradable when moving down the fluvial network in continuous permafrost regions, i.e. from streams to large rivers, suggesting that highly bioavailable DOC is lost in headwater streams. We also recommend a standardized DOC incubation protocol to facilitate future comparison on processing and transport of DOC in a changing Arctic.
J. R. Larouche, B. W. Abbott, W. B. Bowden, and J. B. Jones
Biogeosciences, 12, 4221–4233, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4221-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4221-2015, 2015
Leonie Kiewiet, Ernesto Trujillo, Andrew Hedrick, Scott Havens, Katherine Hale, Mark Seyfried, Stephanie Kampf, and Sarah E. Godsey
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2779–2796, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change affects precipitation phase, which can propagate into changes in streamflow timing and magnitude. This study examines how variations in rainfall and snowmelt affect discharge. We found that annual discharge and stream cessation depended on the magnitude and timing of rainfall and snowmelt and on the snowpack melt-out date. This highlights the importance of precipitation timing and emphasizes the need for spatiotemporally distributed simulations of snowpack and rainfall dynamics.
Arial J. Shogren, Jay P. Zarnetske, Benjamin W. Abbott, Samuel Bratsman, Brian Brown, Michael P. Carey, Randy Fulweber, Heather E. Greaves, Emma Haines, Frances Iannucci, Joshua C. Koch, Alexander Medvedeff, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, Leika Patch, Brett A. Poulin, Tanner J. Williamson, and William B. Bowden
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 95–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-95-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-95-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rapidly sampling multiple points in an entire river network provides a high-resolution snapshot in time that can reveal where nutrients and carbon are being taken up and released. Here, we describe two such datasets of river network chemistry in six Arctic watersheds in northern Alaska. We describe how these repeated snapshots can be used as an indicator of ecosystem response to climate change and to improve predictions of future release of carbon, nutrient, and other solutes.
James W. Kirchner, Sarah E. Godsey, Madeline Solomon, Randall Osterhuber, Joseph R. McConnell, and Daniele Penna
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5095–5123, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5095-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5095-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Streams and groundwaters often show daily cycles in response to snowmelt and evapotranspiration. These typically have a roughly 6 h time lag, which is often interpreted as a travel-time lag. Here we show that it is instead primarily a phase lag that arises because aquifers integrate their inputs over time. We further show how these cycles shift seasonally, mirroring the springtime retreat of snow cover to higher elevations and the seasonal advance and retreat of photosynthetic activity.
Hang Wen, Julia Perdrial, Benjamin W. Abbott, Susana Bernal, Rémi Dupas, Sarah E. Godsey, Adrian Harpold, Donna Rizzo, Kristen Underwood, Thomas Adler, Gary Sterle, and Li Li
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 945–966, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-945-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-945-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Lateral carbon fluxes from terrestrial to aquatic systems remain central uncertainties in determining ecosystem carbon balance. This work explores how temperature and hydrology control production and export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at the catchment scale. Results illustrate the asynchrony of DOC production, controlled by temperature, and export, governed by flow paths; concentration–discharge relationships are determined by the relative contribution of shallow versus groundwater flow.
Michael M. Loranty, Benjamin W. Abbott, Daan Blok, Thomas A. Douglas, Howard E. Epstein, Bruce C. Forbes, Benjamin M. Jones, Alexander L. Kholodov, Heather Kropp, Avni Malhotra, Steven D. Mamet, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Susan M. Natali, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, Gareth K. Phoenix, Adrian V. Rocha, Oliver Sonnentag, Ken D. Tape, and Donald A. Walker
Biogeosciences, 15, 5287–5313, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5287-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5287-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation and soils strongly influence ground temperature in permafrost ecosystems across the Arctic and sub-Arctic. These effects will cause differences rates of permafrost thaw related to the distribution of tundra and boreal forests. As the distribution of forests and tundra change, the effects of climate change on permafrost will also change. We review the ecosystem processes that will influence permafrost thaw and outline how they will feed back to climate warming.
Sarah E. Godsey, Danny Marks, Patrick R. Kormos, Mark S. Seyfried, Clarissa L. Enslin, Adam H. Winstral, James P. McNamara, and Timothy E. Link
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1207–1216, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1207-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1207-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Weather data in mountainous rain-to-snow transition zones are limited, but are vital for water resources. We present a 10-year dataset for this zone that includes hourly temperatures, relative humidity, streamflow, snow depth, precipitation, wind speed/direction, solar energy, and soil moisture at 11 stations. Average air temperatures are near freezing 8 months each year, so that slight warming may determine whether rain falls instead of snow, affecting water supplies and fire risk.
Susan L. Brantley, David M. Eissenstat, Jill A. Marshall, Sarah E. Godsey, Zsuzsanna Balogh-Brunstad, Diana L. Karwan, Shirley A. Papuga, Joshua Roering, Todd E. Dawson, Jaivime Evaristo, Oliver Chadwick, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, and Kathleen C. Weathers
Biogeosciences, 14, 5115–5142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5115-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5115-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This review represents the outcome from an invigorating workshop discussion that involved tree physiologists, geomorphologists, ecologists, geochemists, and hydrologists and developed nine hypotheses that could be tested. We argue these hypotheses point to the essence of issues we must explore if we are to understand how the natural system of the earth surface evolves, and how humans will affect its evolution. This paper will create discussion and interest both before and after publication.
Clarissa L. Enslin, Sarah E. Godsey, Danny Marks, Patrick R. Kormos, Mark S. Seyfried, James P. McNamara, and Timothy E. Link
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2016-44, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2016-44, 2016
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Weather data in mountainous rain-to-snow transition zones are limited, but vital for water resources. We present a 10-year dataset for this zone that includes hourly temperatures, relative humidity, stream flow, snow depth, precipitation, wind speed/direction, solar energy, and soil moisture at 11 stations. Average air temperatures are near freezing eight months each year, so that slight warming may determine whether rain falls instead of snow, affecting water supplies, ecosystems and fire risk.
Zahra Thomas, Benjamin W. Abbott, Olivier Troccaz, Jacques Baudry, and Gilles Pinay
Biogeosciences, 13, 1863–1875, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1863-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1863-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Direct human impact on a catchment (fertilizer input, soil disturbance, urbanization) is asymmetrically linked with inherent catchment properties (geology, soil, topography), which together determine catchment vulnerability to human activity. To quantify the influence of physical, hydrologic, and anthropogenic controls on surface water quality, we used a 5-year high-frequency water chemistry data set from three contrasting headwater catchments in western France.
J. E. Vonk, S. E. Tank, W. B. Bowden, I. Laurion, W. F. Vincent, P. Alekseychik, M. Amyot, M. F. Billet, J. Canário, R. M. Cory, B. N. Deshpande, M. Helbig, M. Jammet, J. Karlsson, J. Larouche, G. MacMillan, M. Rautio, K. M. Walter Anthony, and K. P. Wickland
Biogeosciences, 12, 7129–7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In this review, we give an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding how permafrost thaw affects aquatic systems. We describe the general impacts of thaw on aquatic ecosystems, pathways of organic matter and contaminant release and degradation, resulting emissions and burial, and effects on ecosystem structure and functioning. We conclude with an overview of potential climate effects and recommendations for future research.
J. E. Vonk, S. E. Tank, P. J. Mann, R. G. M. Spencer, C. C. Treat, R. G. Striegl, B. W. Abbott, and K. P. Wickland
Biogeosciences, 12, 6915–6930, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6915-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6915-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We found that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in arctic soils and aquatic systems is increasingly degradable with increasing permafrost extent. Also, DOC seems less degradable when moving down the fluvial network in continuous permafrost regions, i.e. from streams to large rivers, suggesting that highly bioavailable DOC is lost in headwater streams. We also recommend a standardized DOC incubation protocol to facilitate future comparison on processing and transport of DOC in a changing Arctic.
J. R. Larouche, B. W. Abbott, W. B. Bowden, and J. B. Jones
Biogeosciences, 12, 4221–4233, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4221-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4221-2015, 2015
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Land - Sea Coupling
Reconciling the paradox of soil organic carbon erosion by water
The dispersal of fluvially discharged and marine, shelf-produced particulate organic matter in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Carbon dynamics at the river–estuarine transition: a comparison among tributaries of Chesapeake Bay
From soil to sea: sources and transport of organic carbon traced by tetraether lipids in the monsoonal Godavari River, India
Dissolved organic matter characterization in soils and streams in a small coastal low-Arctic catchment
Regional-scale phytoplankton dynamics and their association with glacier meltwater runoff in Svalbard
Riverine nitrogen supply to the global ocean and its limited impact on global marine primary production: a feedback study using an Earth system model
Rain-fed streams dilute inorganic nutrients but subsidise organic-matter-associated nutrients in coastal waters of the northeast Pacific Ocean
Ideas and perspectives: Biogeochemistry – some key foci for the future
Spatio-temporal variations in lateral and atmospheric carbon fluxes from the Danube Delta
Technical note: Seamless gas measurements across the land–ocean aquatic continuum – corrections and evaluation of sensor data for CO2, CH4 and O2 from field deployments in contrasting environments
Enrichment of trace metals from acid sulfate soils in sediments of the Kvarken Archipelago, eastern Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea
Organic iron complexes enhance iron transport capacity along estuarine salinity gradients of Baltic estuaries
Particulate organic matter controls benthic microbial N retention and N removal in contrasting estuaries of the Baltic Sea
Export fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon to the northern Indian Ocean from the Indian monsoonal rivers
The ballast effect of lithogenic matter and its influences on the carbon fluxes in the Indian Ocean
Integrating multimedia models to assess nitrogen losses from the Mississippi River basin to the Gulf of Mexico
Reconciling drainage and receiving basin signatures of the Godavari River system
Impacts of flocculation on the distribution and diagenesis of iron in boreal estuarine sediments
Sources, fluxes, and behaviors of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in the Nakdong River Estuary, Korea
Effects of changes in nutrient loading and composition on hypoxia dynamics and internal nutrient cycling of a stratified coastal lagoon
Carbon degradation in agricultural soils flooded with seawater after managed coastal realignment
A global hotspot for dissolved organic carbon in hypermaritime watersheds of coastal British Columbia
Nitrogen transformations along a shallow subterranean estuary
Modelling nutrient retention in the coastal zone of an eutrophic sea
Modelling the impact of riverine DON removal by marine bacterioplankton on primary production in the Arctic Ocean
Seasonal response of air–water CO2 exchange along the land–ocean aquatic continuum of the northeast North American coast.
Quantification of iron-rich volcanogenic dust emissions and deposition over the ocean from Icelandic dust sources
Effects of seabird nitrogen input on biomass and carbon accumulation after 50 years of primary succession on a young volcanic island, Surtsey
Impact of river discharge, upwelling and vertical mixing on the nutrient loading and productivity of the Canadian Beaufort Shelf
Seasonal contribution of terrestrial organic matter and biological oxygen demand to the Baltic Sea from three contrasting river catchments
Antarctic ice sheet fertilises the Southern Ocean
Nutrient dynamics in tropical rivers, lagoons, and coastal ecosystems of eastern Hainan Island, South China Sea
Bioavailability of riverine dissolved organic matter in three Baltic Sea estuaries and the effect of catchment land use
Seasonal dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus budgets for two sub-tropical estuaries in south Florida, USA
Export of 134 Cs and 137 Cs in the Fukushima river systems at heavy rains by Typhoon Roke in September 2011
The fate of riverine nutrients on Arctic shelves
External forcings, oceanographic processes and particle flux dynamics in Cap de Creus submarine canyon, NW Mediterranean Sea
Radium-based estimates of cesium isotope transport and total direct ocean discharges from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident
Tracing inputs of terrestrial high molecular weight dissolved organic matter within the Baltic Sea ecosystem
The role of alkalinity generation in controlling the fluxes of CO2 during exposure and inundation on tidal flats
Coupling of fog and marine microbial content in the near-shore coastal environment
Spatialized N budgets in a large agricultural Mediterranean watershed: high loading and low transfer
Effects of water discharge and sediment load on evolution of modern Yellow River Delta, China, over the period from 1976 to 2009
Carbon isotopes and lipid biomarker investigation of sources, transport and degradation of terrestrial organic matter in the Buor-Khaya Bay, SE Laptev Sea
Contribution of riverine nutrients to the silicon biogeochemistry of the global ocean – a model study
Molecular and radiocarbon constraints on sources and degradation of terrestrial organic carbon along the Kolyma paleoriver transect, East Siberian Sea
Impact of changes in river fluxes of silica on the global marine silicon cycle: a model comparison
Kristof Van Oost and Johan Six
Biogeosciences, 20, 635–646, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-635-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-635-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The direction and magnitude of the net erosion-induced land–atmosphere C exchange have been the topic of a big scientific debate for more than a decade now. Many have assumed that erosion leads to a loss of soil carbon to the atmosphere, whereas others have shown that erosion ultimately leads to a carbon sink. Here, we show that the soil carbon erosion source–sink paradox is reconciled when the broad range of temporal and spatial scales at which the underlying processes operate are considered.
Yord W. Yedema, Francesca Sangiorgi, Appy Sluijs, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Francien Peterse
Biogeosciences, 20, 663–686, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-663-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-663-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Terrestrial organic matter (TerrOM) is transported to the ocean by rivers, where its burial can potentially form a long-term carbon sink. This burial is dependent on the type and characteristics of the TerrOM. We used bulk sediment properties, biomarkers, and palynology to identify the dispersal patterns of plant-derived, soil–microbial, and marine OM in the northern Gulf of Mexico and show that plant-derived OM is transported further into the coastal zone than soil and marine-produced TerrOM.
Paul A. Bukaveckas
Biogeosciences, 19, 4209–4226, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Inland waters play an important role in the global carbon cycle by storing, transforming and transporting carbon from land to sea. Comparatively little is known about carbon dynamics at the river–estuarine transition. A study of tributaries of Chesapeake Bay showed that biological processes exerted a strong effect on carbon transformations. Peak carbon retention occurred during periods of elevated river discharge and was associated with trapping of particulate matter.
Frédérique M. S. A. Kirkels, Huub M. Zwart, Muhammed O. Usman, Suning Hou, Camilo Ponton, Liviu Giosan, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Francien Peterse
Biogeosciences, 19, 3979–4010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3979-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3979-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon (SOC) that is transferred to the ocean by rivers forms a long-term sink of atmospheric CO2 upon burial on the ocean floor. We here test if certain bacterial membrane lipids can be used to trace SOC through the monsoon-fed Godavari River basin in India. We find that these lipids trace the mobilisation and transport of SOC in the wet season but that these lipids are not transferred far into the sea. This suggests that the burial of SOC on the sea floor is limited here.
Niek Jesse Speetjens, George Tanski, Victoria Martin, Julia Wagner, Andreas Richter, Gustaf Hugelius, Chris Boucher, Rachele Lodi, Christian Knoblauch, Boris P. Koch, Urban Wünsch, Hugues Lantuit, and Jorien E. Vonk
Biogeosciences, 19, 3073–3097, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3073-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3073-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change and warming in the Arctic exceed global averages. As a result, permanently frozen soils (permafrost) which store vast quantities of carbon in the form of dead plant material (organic matter) are thawing. Our study shows that as permafrost landscapes degrade, high concentrations of organic matter are released. Partly, this organic matter is degraded rapidly upon release, while another significant fraction enters stream networks and enters the Arctic Ocean.
Thorben Dunse, Kaixing Dong, Kjetil Schanke Aas, and Leif Christian Stige
Biogeosciences, 19, 271–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-271-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-271-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the effect of glacier meltwater on phytoplankton dynamics in Svalbard. Phytoplankton forms the basis of the marine food web, and its seasonal dynamics depend on the availability of light and nutrients, both of which are affected by glacier runoff. We use satellite ocean color, an indicator of phytoplankton biomass, and glacier mass balance modeling to find that the overall effect of glacier runoff on marine productivity is positive within the major fjord systems of Svalbard.
Miriam Tivig, David P. Keller, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 18, 5327–5350, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5327-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5327-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen is one of the most important elements for life in the ocean. A major source is the riverine discharge of dissolved nitrogen. While global models often omit rivers as a nutrient source, we included nitrogen from rivers in our Earth system model and found that additional nitrogen affected marine biology not only locally but also in regions far off the coast. Depending on regional conditions, primary production was enhanced or even decreased due to internal feedbacks in the nitrogen cycle.
Kyra A. St. Pierre, Brian P. V. Hunt, Suzanne E. Tank, Ian Giesbrecht, Maartje C. Korver, William C. Floyd, Allison A. Oliver, and Kenneth P. Lertzman
Biogeosciences, 18, 3029–3052, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3029-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3029-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using 4 years of paired freshwater and marine water chemistry from the Central Coast of British Columbia (Canada), we show that coastal temperate rainforest streams are sources of organic nitrogen, iron, and carbon to the Pacific Ocean but not the inorganic nutrients easily used by marine phytoplankton. This distinction may have important implications for coastal food webs and highlights the need to sample all nutrients in fresh and marine waters year-round to fully understand coastal dynamics.
Thomas S. Bianchi, Madhur Anand, Chris T. Bauch, Donald E. Canfield, Luc De Meester, Katja Fennel, Peter M. Groffman, Michael L. Pace, Mak Saito, and Myrna J. Simpson
Biogeosciences, 18, 3005–3013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3005-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3005-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Better development of interdisciplinary ties between biology, geology, and chemistry advances biogeochemistry through (1) better integration of contemporary (or rapid) evolutionary adaptation to predict changing biogeochemical cycles and (2) universal integration of data from long-term monitoring sites in terrestrial, aquatic, and human systems that span broad geographical regions for use in modeling.
Marie-Sophie Maier, Cristian R. Teodoru, and Bernhard Wehrli
Biogeosciences, 18, 1417–1437, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1417-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1417-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Based on a 2-year monitoring study, we found that the freshwater system of the Danube Delta, Romania, releases carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere. The amount of carbon released depends on the freshwater feature (river branches, channels and lakes), season and hydrologic condition, affecting the exchange with the wetland. Spatial upscaling should therefore consider these factors. Furthermore, the Danube Delta increases the amount of carbon reaching the Black Sea via the Danube River.
Anna Rose Canning, Peer Fietzek, Gregor Rehder, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 18, 1351–1373, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1351-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1351-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The paper describes a novel, fully autonomous, multi-gas flow-through set-up for multiple gases that combines established, high-quality oceanographic sensors in a small and robust system designed for use across all salinities and all types of platforms. We describe the system and its performance in all relevant detail, including the corrections which improve the accuracy of these sensors, and illustrate how simultaneous multi-gas set-ups can provide an extremely high spatiotemporal resolution.
Joonas J. Virtasalo, Peter Österholm, Aarno T. Kotilainen, and Mats E. Åström
Biogeosciences, 17, 6097–6113, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6097-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6097-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Rivers draining the acid sulphate soils of western Finland deliver large amounts of metals (e.g. Cd, Co, Cu, La, Mn, Ni, and Zn) to the coastal sea. To better understand metal enrichment in the sea floor, we analysed metal contents and grain size distribution in nine sediment cores, which increased in the 1960s and 1970s and stayed at high levels afterwards. The enrichment is visible more than 25 km out from the river mouths. Organic aggregates are suggested as the key seaward metal carriers.
Simon David Herzog, Per Persson, Kristina Kvashnina, and Emma Sofia Kritzberg
Biogeosciences, 17, 331–344, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-331-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-331-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Fe concentrations in boreal rivers are increasing strongly in several regions in Northern Europe. This study focuses on how Fe speciation and interaction with organic matter affect stability of Fe across estuarine salinity gradients. The results confirm a positive relationship between the relative contribution of organically complexed Fe and stability. Moreover, organically complexed Fe was more prevalent at high flow conditions and more dominant further upstream in a catchment.
Ines Bartl, Dana Hellemann, Christophe Rabouille, Kirstin Schulz, Petra Tallberg, Susanna Hietanen, and Maren Voss
Biogeosciences, 16, 3543–3564, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3543-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3543-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Irrespective of variable environmental settings in estuaries, the quality of organic particles is an important factor controlling microbial processes that facilitate a reduction of land-derived nitrogen loads to the open sea. Through the interplay of biogeochemical processing, geomorphology, and hydrodynamics, organic particles may function as a carrier and temporary reservoir of nitrogen, which has a major impact on the efficiency of nitrogen load reduction.
Moturi S. Krishna, Rongali Viswanadham, Mamidala H. K. Prasad, Vuravakonda R. Kumari, and Vedula V. S. S. Sarma
Biogeosciences, 16, 505–519, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-505-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-505-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
An order-of-magnitude variability in DIC was found within the Indian estuaries due to significant variability in size of rivers, precipitation pattern and lithology in the catchments. Indian monsoonal estuaries annually export ∼ 10.3 Tg of DIC to the northern Indian Ocean, of which 75 % enters into the Bay of Bengal. Our results indicated that chemical weathering of carbonate and silicate minerals by soil CO2 is the major source of DIC in the Indian monsoonal rivers.
Tim Rixen, Birgit Gaye, Kay-Christian Emeis, and Venkitasubramani Ramaswamy
Biogeosciences, 16, 485–503, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-485-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-485-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Data obtained from sediment trap experiments in the Indian Ocean indicate that lithogenic matter ballast increases organic carbon flux rates on average by 45 % and by up to 62 % at trap locations in the river-influenced regions of the Indian Ocean. Such a strong lithogenic matter ballast effect implies that land use changes and the associated enhanced transport of lithogenic matter may significantly affect the CO2 uptake of the organic carbon pump in the receiving ocean areas.
Yongping Yuan, Ruoyu Wang, Ellen Cooter, Limei Ran, Prasad Daggupati, Dongmei Yang, Raghavan Srinivasan, and Anna Jalowska
Biogeosciences, 15, 7059–7076, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7059-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7059-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Elevated levels of nutrients in surface water, which originate from deposition of atmospheric N, drainage from agricultural fields, and discharges from sewage treatment plants, cause explosive algal blooms that impair water quality. The complex cycling of nutrients through the land, air, and water requires an integrated multimedia modeling system linking air, land surface, and stream processes to assess their sources, transport, and transformation in large river basins for decision making.
Muhammed Ojoshogu Usman, Frédérique Marie Sophie Anne Kirkels, Huub Michel Zwart, Sayak Basu, Camilo Ponton, Thomas Michael Blattmann, Michael Ploetze, Negar Haghipour, Cameron McIntyre, Francien Peterse, Maarten Lupker, Liviu Giosan, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 15, 3357–3375, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3357-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3357-2018, 2018
Tom Jilbert, Eero Asmala, Christian Schröder, Rosa Tiihonen, Jukka-Pekka Myllykangas, Joonas J. Virtasalo, Aarno Kotilainen, Pasi Peltola, Päivi Ekholm, and Susanna Hietanen
Biogeosciences, 15, 1243–1271, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1243-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1243-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Iron is a common dissolved element in river water, recognizable by its orange-brown colour. Here we show that when rivers reach the ocean much of this iron settles to the sediments by a process known as flocculation. The iron is then used by microbes in coastal sediments, which are important hotspots in the global carbon cycle.
Shin-Ah Lee and Guebuem Kim
Biogeosciences, 15, 1115–1122, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1115-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1115-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) delivered from riverine discharges significantly affects carbon and biogeochemical cycles in coastal waters. Our results show that the terrestrial concentrations of humic-like FDOM in river water were 60–80 % higher in the summer and fall, while the in situ production of protein-like FDOM was 70–80 % higher in the spring. Our results suggest that there are large seasonal changes in riverine fluxes of FDOM components to the ocean.
Yafei Zhu, Andrew McCowan, and Perran L. M. Cook
Biogeosciences, 14, 4423–4433, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4423-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4423-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We used a 3-D coupled hydrodynamic–biogeochemical water quality model to investigate the effects of changes in catchment nutrient loading and composition on the phytoplankton dynamics, development of hypoxia and internal nutrient dynamics in a stratified coastal lagoon system. The results highlighted the need to reduce both total nitrogen and total phosphorus for water quality improvement in estuarine systems.
Kamilla S. Sjøgaard, Alexander H. Treusch, and Thomas B. Valdemarsen
Biogeosciences, 14, 4375–4389, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4375-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4375-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Permanent flooding of low-lying coastal areas is a growing threat due to climate-change-related sea-level rise. To reduce coastal damage, buffer zones can be created by managed coastal realignment where existing dykes are breached and new dykes are built further inland. We studied the impacts on organic matter degradation in soils flooded with seawater by managed coastal realignment and suggest that most of the organic carbon present in coastal soils will be permanently preserved after flooding.
Allison A. Oliver, Suzanne E. Tank, Ian Giesbrecht, Maartje C. Korver, William C. Floyd, Paul Sanborn, Chuck Bulmer, and Ken P. Lertzman
Biogeosciences, 14, 3743–3762, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3743-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3743-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Rivers draining small watersheds of the outer coastal Pacific temperate rainforest export some of the highest yields of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the world directly to the ocean. This DOC is largely derived from soils and terrestrial plants. Rainfall, temperature, and watershed characteristics such as wetlands and lakes are important controls on DOC export. This region may be significant for carbon export and linking terrestrial carbon to marine ecosystems.
Mathilde Couturier, Gwendoline Tommi-Morin, Maude Sirois, Alexandra Rao, Christian Nozais, and Gwénaëlle Chaillou
Biogeosciences, 14, 3321–3336, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3321-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3321-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
At the land–ocean interface, subterranean estuaries (STEs) are a critical transition pathway of nitrogen. Environmental conditions in the groundwater lead to nitrogen transformation, altering the nitrogen species and concentrations exported to the coastal ocean. This study highlights the role of a STE in processing groundwater-derived N in a shallow boreal STE, far from anthropogenic pressures. Biogeochemical transformations provide new N species from terrestrial origin to the coastal ocean.
Elin Almroth-Rosell, Moa Edman, Kari Eilola, H. E. Markus Meier, and Jörgen Sahlberg
Biogeosciences, 13, 5753–5769, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5753-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5753-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Nutrients from land have been discussed to increase eutrophication in the open sea. This model study shows that the coastal zone works as an efficient filter. Water depth and residence time regulate the retention that occurs mostly in the sediment due to processes such as burial and denitrification. On shorter timescales the retention capacity might seem less effective when the land load of nutrients decreases, but with time the coastal zone can import nutrients from the open sea.
V. Le Fouest, M. Manizza, B. Tremblay, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 12, 3385–3402, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3385-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3385-2015, 2015
G. G. Laruelle, R. Lauerwald, J. Rotschi, P. A. Raymond, J. Hartmann, and P. Regnier
Biogeosciences, 12, 1447–1458, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1447-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1447-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantifies the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the atmosphere and the land-ocean aquatic continuum (LOAC) of the northeast North American coast, which consists of rivers, estuaries, and the coastal ocean. Our analysis reveals significant variations of the flux intensity both in time and space across the study area. Ice cover, snowmelt, and the intensity of the estuarine filter are identified as important control factors of the CO2 exchange along the LOAC.
O. Arnalds, H. Olafsson, and P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova
Biogeosciences, 11, 6623–6632, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6623-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6623-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Iceland is one of the largest dust sources on Earth. Based on two separate methods, we estimate dust emissions to range between 30 and 40 million tons annually. Ocean deposition ranges between 5.5 and 13.8 million tons. Calculated iron deposition in oceans around Iceland ranges between 0.56 to 1.4 million tons, which are distributed over wide areas. Iron is a limiting nutrient for primary production in these waters, and dust is likely to affect oceanic Fe levels around Iceland.
N. I. W. Leblans, B. D. Sigurdsson, P. Roefs, R. Thuys, B. Magnússon, and I. A. Janssens
Biogeosciences, 11, 6237–6250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6237-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6237-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the influence of allochthonous N inputs on primary succession and soil development of a 50-year-old volcanic island, Surtsey. Seabirds increased the ecosystem N accumulation rate inside their colony to ~47 kg ha-1 y-1, compared to 0.7 kg ha-1 y-1 outside it. A strong relationship was found between total ecosystem N stock and both total above- and belowground biomass and SOC stock, which shows how fast external N input can boost primary succession and soil formation.
J.-É. Tremblay, P. Raimbault, N. Garcia, B. Lansard, M. Babin, and J. Gagnon
Biogeosciences, 11, 4853–4868, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4853-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4853-2014, 2014
H. E. Reader, C. A. Stedmon, and E. S. Kritzberg
Biogeosciences, 11, 3409–3419, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3409-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3409-2014, 2014
R. Death, J. L. Wadham, F. Monteiro, A. M. Le Brocq, M. Tranter, A. Ridgwell, S. Dutkiewicz, and R. Raiswell
Biogeosciences, 11, 2635–2643, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2635-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2635-2014, 2014
R. H. Li, S. M. Liu, Y. W. Li, G. L. Zhang, J. L. Ren, and J. Zhang
Biogeosciences, 11, 481–506, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-481-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-481-2014, 2014
E. Asmala, R. Autio, H. Kaartokallio, L. Pitkänen, C. A. Stedmon, and D. N. Thomas
Biogeosciences, 10, 6969–6986, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6969-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6969-2013, 2013
C. Buzzelli, Y. Wan, P. H. Doering, and J. N. Boyer
Biogeosciences, 10, 6721–6736, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6721-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6721-2013, 2013
S. Nagao, M. Kanamori, S. Ochiai, S. Tomihara, K. Fukushi, and M. Yamamoto
Biogeosciences, 10, 6215–6223, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6215-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6215-2013, 2013
V. Le Fouest, M. Babin, and J.-É. Tremblay
Biogeosciences, 10, 3661–3677, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3661-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3661-2013, 2013
A. Rumín-Caparrós, A. Sanchez-Vidal, A. Calafat, M. Canals, J. Martín, P. Puig, and R. Pedrosa-Pàmies
Biogeosciences, 10, 3493–3505, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3493-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3493-2013, 2013
M. A. Charette, C. F. Breier, P. B. Henderson, S. M. Pike, I. I. Rypina, S. R. Jayne, and K. O. Buesseler
Biogeosciences, 10, 2159–2167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2159-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2159-2013, 2013
B. Deutsch, V. Alling, C. Humborg, F. Korth, and C. M. Mörth
Biogeosciences, 9, 4465–4475, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4465-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4465-2012, 2012
P. A. Faber, A. J. Kessler, J. K. Bull, I. D. McKelvie, F. J. R. Meysman, and P. L. M. Cook
Biogeosciences, 9, 4087–4097, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4087-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4087-2012, 2012
M. E. Dueker, G. D. O'Mullan, K. C. Weathers, A. R. Juhl, and M. Uriarte
Biogeosciences, 9, 803–813, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-803-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-803-2012, 2012
L. Lassaletta, E. Romero, G. Billen, J. Garnier, H. García-Gómez, and J. V. Rovira
Biogeosciences, 9, 57–70, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-57-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-57-2012, 2012
J. Yu, Y. Fu, Y. Li, G. Han, Y. Wang, D. Zhou, W. Sun, Y. Gao, and F. X. Meixner
Biogeosciences, 8, 2427–2435, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2427-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2427-2011, 2011
E. S. Karlsson, A. Charkin, O. Dudarev, I. Semiletov, J. E. Vonk, L. Sánchez-García, A. Andersson, and Ö. Gustafsson
Biogeosciences, 8, 1865–1879, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1865-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1865-2011, 2011
C. Y. Bernard, H. H. Dürr, C. Heinze, J. Segschneider, and E. Maier-Reimer
Biogeosciences, 8, 551–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-551-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-551-2011, 2011
J. E. Vonk, L. Sánchez-García, I. Semiletov, O. Dudarev, T. Eglinton, A. Andersson, and Ö. Gustafsson
Biogeosciences, 7, 3153–3166, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3153-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3153-2010, 2010
C. Y. Bernard, G. G. Laruelle, C. P. Slomp, and C. Heinze
Biogeosciences, 7, 441–453, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-441-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-441-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Abbott, B. W. and Jones, J. B.: Upland permafrost collapse stimulates N2O production but effect on growing-season respiration depends on thermokarst morphology, Glob. Change Biol., submitted, 2015.
Abbott, B. W., Larouche, J. R., Jones, J. B., Bowden, W. B., and Balser, A. W.: Elevated dissolved organic carbon biodegradability from thawing and collapsing permafrost, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 119, 2049–2063, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002678, 2014.
Abbott, B. W., Jones, J. B., Schuur, E. A. G., Chapin III, F. S., Bowden, W. B., Bret-Harte, M. S., Epstein, H. E., Flannigan, M. D., Harms, T. K., Hollingsworth, T. N., Mack, M. C., McGuire, A. D., Natali, S. M., Rocha, A. V., Tank, S. E., Turetsky, M. R., Vonk, J. E., Wickland, K. P., and the Permafrost Carbon Network: Can increased biomass offset carbon release from soils, streams, and wildfire across the permafrost region? An expert assessment, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, submitted, 2015.
Amon, R. M. W., Rinehart, A. J., Duan, S., Louchouarn, P., Prokushkin, A., Guggenberger, G., Bauch, D., Stedmon, C., Raymond, P. A., Holmes, R. M., McClelland, J. W., Peterson, B. J., Walker, S. A., and Zhulidov, A. V.: Dissolved organic matter sources in large Arctic rivers, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 94, 217–237, 2012.
Balcarczyk, K. L., Jones, J. B., Jaffe, R., and Maie, N.: Stream dissolved organic matter bioavailability and composition in watersheds underlain with discontinuous permafrost, Biogeochemistry, 94, 255–270, 2009.
Balser, A. W., Jones, J. B., and Gens, R.: Timing of retrogressive thaw slump initiation in the Noatak Basin, northwest Alaska, USA, J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 119, 1106–1120, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002889, 2014.
Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., and Walker, S.: lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4, R package version 1.0-5, available at: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4 (last access: 24 July 2014), 2013.
Bhatt, U. S., Walker, D. A., Raynolds, M. K., Comiso, J. C., Epstein, H. E., Jia, G. S., Gens, R., Pinzon, J. E., Tucker, C. J., Tweedie, C. E., and Webber, P. J.: Circumpolar Arctic Tundra Vegetation Change Is Linked to Sea Ice Decline, Earth Interact., 14, 1–20, 2010.
Bodelier, P. L. E. and Laanbroek, H. J.: Nitrogen as a regulatory factor of methane oxidation in soils and sediments, Fems Microbiol. Ecol., 47, 265–277, 2004.
Bowden, W. B., Gooseff, M. N., Balser, A., Green, A., Peterson, B. J., and Bradford, J.: Sediment and nutrient delivery from thermokarst features in the foothills of the North Slope, Alaska: Potential impacts on headwater stream ecosystems, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 113, 1–12, 2008.
Burn, C. R.: The thermal regime of a retrogressive thaw slump near Mayo, Yukon Territory, Can. J. Earth Sci., 37, 967–981, 2000.
Cory, R. M., Crump, B. C., Dobkowski, J. A., and Kling, G. W.: Surface exposure to sunlight stimulates CO2 release from permafrost soil carbon in the Arctic, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 3429–3434, 2013.
Dar, S. A., Kleerebezem, R., Stams, A. J. M., Kuenen, J. G., and Muyzer, G.: Competition and coexistence of sulfate-reducing bacteria, acetogens and methanogens in a lab-scale anaerobic bioreactor as affected by changing substrate to sulfate ratio, Appl. Microbiol. Biot., 78, 1045–1055, 2008.
Drevnick, P. E., Muir, D. C. G., Lamborg, C. H., Horgan, M. J., Canfield, D. E., Boyle, J. F., and Rose, N. L.: Increased Accumulation of Sulfur in Lake Sediments of the High Arctic, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 8415–8421, 2010.
Einsele, G., Yan, J. P., and Hinderer, M.: Atmospheric carbon burial in modern lake basins and its significance for the global carbon budget, Global Planet. Change, 30, 167–195, 2001.
Epstein, H. E., Beringer, J., Gould, W. A., Lloyd, A. H., Thompson, C. D., Chapin, F. S., Michaelson, G. J., Ping, C. L., Rupp, T. S., and Walker, D. A.: The nature of spatial transitions in the Arctic, J. Biogeogr., 31, 1917–1933, 2004.
Frey, K. E. and McClelland, J. W.: Impacts of permafrost degradation on arctic river biogeochemistry, Hydrol. Process., 23, 169–182, 2009.
Frey, K. E., McClelland, J. W., Holmes, R. M., and Smith, L. C.: Impacts of climate warming and permafrost thaw on the riverine transport of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Kara Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 112, 1–10, 2007.
Giesler, R., Lyon, S. W., Mörth, C.-M., Karlsson, J., Karlsson, E. M., Jantze, E. J., Destouni, G., and Humborg, C.: Catchment-scale dissolved carbon concentrations and export estimates across six subarctic streams in northern Sweden, Biogeosciences, 11, 525–537, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-525-2014, 2014.
Godin, E. and Fortier, D.: Geomorphology of a thermo-erosion gully, Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada, Can. J. Earth Sci., 49, 979–986, 2012.
Gooseff, M. N., Balser, A., Bowden, W. B., and Jones, J. B.: Effects of Hillslope Thermokarst in Northern Alaska, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 90, 29–30, 2009.
Guo, L. D., Ping, C. L., and Macdonald, R. W.: Mobilization pathways of organic carbon from permafrost to arctic rivers in a changing climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, 1–5, 2007.
Hamilton, T. D.: Surficial geology of the Dalton Highway (Itkillik-Sagavanirktok rivers) area, southern Arctic foothills, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Alaska, 1–33, 2003.
Hamilton, T. D.: Surficial geologic map of the Noatak National Preserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3036, 1–21, 2010.
Harms, T., Abbott, B., and Jones, J.: Thermo-erosion gullies increase nitrogen available for hydrologic export, Biogeochemistry, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-013-9862-0, 1–13, 2013.
Hobbie, J. E., Peterson, B. J., Bettez, N., Deegan, L., O'Brien, W. J., Kling, G. W., Kipphut, G. W., Bowden, W. B., and Hershey, A. E.: Impact of global change on the biogeochemistry and ecology of an Arctic freshwater system, Polar Res., 18, 207–214, 1999.
Hobbie, S. E., Miley, T. A., and Weiss, M. S.: Carbon and nitrogen cycling in soils from acidic and nonacidic tundra with different glacial histories in Northern Alaska, Ecosystems, 5, 761–774, 2002.
Holmes, R. M., McClelland, J. W., Peterson, B. J., Tank, S. E., Bulygina, E., Eglinton, T. I., Gordeev, V. V., Gurtovaya, T. Y., Raymond, P. A., Repeta, D. J., Staples, R., Striegl, R. G., Zhulidov, A. V., and Zimov, S. A.: Seasonal and Annual Fluxes of Nutrients and Organic Matter from Large Rivers to the Arctic Ocean and Surrounding Seas, Estuar. Coast., 35, 369–382, 2012.
Hugelius, G., Strauss, J., Zubrzycki, S., Harden, J. W., Schuur, E. A. G., Ping, C.-L., Schirrmeister, L., Grosse, G., Michaelson, G. J., Koven, C. D., O'Donnell, J. A., Elberling, B., Mishra, U., Camill, P., Yu, Z., Palmtag, J., and Kuhry, P.: Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps, Biogeosciences, 11, 6573–6593, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6573-2014, 2014.
Jones, J. B., Petrone, K. C., Finlay, J. C., Hinzman, L. D., and Bolton, W. R.: Nitrogen loss from watersheds of interior Alaska underlain with discontinuous permafrost, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, 1–4, 2005.
Jorgenson, M. T. and Osterkamp, T. E.: Response of boreal ecosystems to varying modes of permafrost degradation, Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere, 35, 2100–2111, 2005.
Jorgenson, M. T., Shur, Y. L., and Pullman, E. R.: Abrupt increase in permafrost degradation in Arctic Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, 1–4, 2006.
Jorgenson, M. T., Shur, Y. L., and Osterkamp, T. E.: Thermokarst in Alaska, Ninth International Conference On Permafrost, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 117–124, 2008.
Kanevskiy, M., Shur, Y., Fortier, D., Jorgenson, M. T., and Stephani, E.: Cryostratigraphy of late Pleistocene syngenetic permafrost (yedoma) in northern Alaska, Itkillik River exposure, Quaternary Res., 75, 584–596, 2011.
Keller, K., Blum, J. D., and Kling, G. W.: Geochemistry of Soils and Streams on Surfaces of Varying Ages in Arctic Alaska, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 39, 84–98, 2007.
Keller, K., Blum, J. D., and Kling, G. W.: Stream geochemistry as an indicator of increasing permafrost thaw depth in an arctic watershed, Chem. Geol., 273, 76–81, 2010.
Kling, G. W., Kipphut, G. W., and Miller, M. C.: The flux of CO2 and CH4 from lakes and rivers in Arctic Alaska, Hydrobiologia, 240, 23–36, 1992.
Koch, J. C., Ewing, S. A., Striegl, R., and McKnight, D. M.: Rapid runoff via shallow throughflow and deeper preferential flow in a boreal catchment underlain by frozen silt (Alaska, USA), Hydrogeol. J., 21, 93–106, 2013a.
Koch, J. C., Runkel, R. L., Striegl, R., and McKnight, D. M.: Hydrologic controls on the transport and cycling of carbon and nitrogen in a boreal catchment underlain by continuous permafrost, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 118, 698–712, 2013b.
Kokelj, S. V. and Burn, C. R.: Ground ice and soluble cations in near-surface permafrost, Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada, Permafrost Periglac., 14, 275–289, 2003.
Kokelj, S. V. and Jorgenson, M. T.: Advances in Thermokarst Research, Permafrost Periglac., 24, 108–119, 2013.
Kokelj, S. V., Jenkins, R. E., Milburn, D., Burn, C. R., and Snow, N.: The influence of thermokarst disturbance on the water quality of small upland lakes, Mackenzie Delta Region, Northwest Territories, Canada, Permafrost Periglac., 16, 343–353, 2005.
Kokelj, S. V., Lantz, T. C., Kanigan, J., Smith, S. L., and Coutts, R.: Origin and Polycyclic Behaviour of Tundra Thaw Slumps, Mackenzie Delta Region, Northwest Territories, Canada, Permafrost Periglac., 20, 173–184, 2009.
Kokelj, S. V., Lacelle, D., Lantz, T. C., Tunnicliffe, J., Malone, L., Clark, I. D., and Chin, K. S.: Thawing of massive ground ice in mega slumps drives increases in stream sediment and solute flux across a range of watershed scales, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 118, 681–692, 2013.
Krieger, K. C.: The Topographic Form and Evolution of Thermal Erosion Features: A First Analysis Using Airborne and Ground-Based LiDAR in Arctic Alaska, Master of Science, Geosciences, Idaho State University, 98 pp., 2012.
Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B., and Christensen, R. H. B.: lmerTest: Tests for random and fixed effects for linear mixed effect models (lmer objects of lme4 package), R package version 2.0-6, available at: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lmerTest (last access: 24 July 2014), 2014.
Lafreniere, M. J. and Lamoureux, S. F.: Thermal Perturbation and Rainfall Runoff have Greater Impact on Seasonal Solute Loads than Physical Disturbance of the Active Layer, Permafrost Periglac., 24, 241–251, 2013.
Lantuit, H. and Pollard, W. H.: Temporal stereophotogrammetric analysis of retrogressive thaw slumps on Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 413–423, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-413-2005, 2005.
Lantz, T. C. and Kokelj, S. V.: Increasing rates of retrogressive thaw slump activity in the Mackenzie Delta region, NWT, Canada, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, 1–5, 2008.
Lantz, T. C., Kokelj, S. V., Gergel, S. E., and Henryz, G. H. R.: Relative impacts of disturbance and temperature: persistent changes in microenvironment and vegetation in retrogressive thaw slumps, Glob. Change Biol., 15, 1664–1675, 2009.
Laudon, H., Buttle, J., Carey, S. K., McDonnell, J., McGuire, K., Seibert, J., Shanley, J., Soulsby, C., and Tetzlaff, D.: Cross-regional prediction of long-term trajectory of stream water DOC response to climate change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L18404, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053033, 2012.
Lee, H., Schuur, E. G., Vogel, J. G., Lavoie, M., Bhadra, D., and Staudhammer, C. L.: A spatially explicit analysis to extrapolate carbon fluxes in upland tundra where permafrost is thawing, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 1379–1393, 2011.
Lewis, T., Lafreniere, M. J., and Lamoureux, S. F.: Hydrochemical and sedimentary responses of paired High Arctic watersheds to unusual climate and permafrost disturbance, Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Canada, Hydrol. Process., 26, 2003–2018, 2012.
Lewkowicz, A. G.: Nature and importance of thermokarst processes, Sand Hills Moraine, Banks Island, Canada Geogr. Ann. A, 69, 321–327, 1987.
Lewkowicz, A. G.: Dynamics of active-layer detachment failures, Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, Permafrost Periglac., 18, 89–103, 2007.
Louiseize, N., Lafrenière, M., and Hastings, M.: Stable isotopic evidence of enhanced export of microbially derived NO3- following active layer slope disturbance in the Canadian High Arctic, Biogeochemistry, 121, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0023-x, 2014.
Mack, M. C., Schuur, E. A. G., Bret-Harte, M. S., Shaver, G. R., and Chapin, F. S.: Ecosystem carbon storage in arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization, Nature, 431, 440–443, 2004.
Malone, L., Lacelle, D., Kokelj, S., and Clark, I. D.: Impacts of hillslope thaw slumps on the geochemistry of permafrost catchments (Stony Creek watershed, NWT, Canada), Chem. Geol., 356, 38–49, 2013.
McClelland, J. W., Stieglitz, M., Pan, F., Holmes, R. M., and Peterson, B. J.: Recent changes in nitrate and dissolved organic carbon export from the upper Kuparuk River, North Slope, Alaska, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 112, 1–13, 2007.
McClelland, J. W., Holmes, R. M., Peterson, B. J., Amon, R., Brabets, T., Cooper, L., Gibson, J., Gordeev, V. V., Guay, C., Milburn, D., Staples, R., Raymond, P. A., Shiklomanov, I., Striegl, R., Zhulidov, A., Gurtovaya, T., and Zimov, S.: Development of a Pan-Arctic Database for River Chemistry, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 89, 217–218, 2008.
McClelland, J. W., Holmes, R. M., Dunton, K. H., and Macdonald, R. W.: The Arctic Ocean Estuary, Estuar. Coast., 35, 353–368, 2012.
McClelland, J. W., Townsend-Small, A., Holmes, R. M., Pan, F., Stieglitz, M., Khosh, M., and Peterson, B. J.: River export of nutrients and organic matter from the North Slope of Alaska to the Beaufort Sea, Water Resour. Res., 50, 1823–1839, 2014.
Mesquita, P. S., Wrona, F. J., and Prowse, T. D.: Effects of retrogressive permafrost thaw slumping on sediment chemistry and submerged macrophytes in Arctic tundra lakes, Freshwater Biol., 55, 2347–2358, 2010.
Muyzer, G. and Stams, A. J. M.: The ecology and biotechnology of sulphate-reducing bacteria, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 6, 441–454, 2008.
Neff, J. C., Finlay, J. C., Zimov, S. A., Davydov, S. P., Carrasco, J. J., Schuur, E. A. G., and Davydova, A. I.: Seasonal changes in the age and structure of dissolved organic carbon in Siberian rivers and streams, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, 1–5, 2006.
Nowinski, N. S., Taneva, L., Trumbore, S. E., and Welker, J. M.: Decomposition of old organic matter as a result of deeper active layers in a snow depth manipulation experiment, Oecologia, 163, 785–792, 2010.
O'Brien, W. J., Barfield, M., Bettez, N., Hershey, A. E., Hobbie, J. E., Kipphut, G., Kling, G., and Miller, M. C.: Long-term response and recovery to nutrient addition of a partitioned arctic lake, Freshwater Biol., 50, 731–741, 2005.
O'Donnell, J. A., Jorgenson, M. T., Harden, J. W., McGuire, A. D., Kanevskiy, M. Z., and Wickland, K. P.: The Effects of Permafrost Thaw on Soil Hydrologic, Thermal, and Carbon Dynamics in an Alaskan Peatland, Ecosystems, 15, 213–229, 2012.
Olefeldt, D., Roulet, N., Giesler, R., and Persson, A.: Total waterborne carbon export and DOC composition from ten nested subarctic peatland catchments-importance of peatland cover, groundwater influence, and inter-annual variability of precipitation patterns, Hydrol. Process., 27, 2280–2294, 2013.
Osterkamp, T. E., Jorgenson, M. T., Schuur, E. A. G., Shur, Y. L., Kanevskiy, M. Z., Vogel, J. G., and Tumskoy, V. E.: Physical and Ecological Changes Associated with Warming Permafrost and Thermokarst in Interior Alaska, Permafrost Periglac., 20, 235–256, 2009.
Peterson, B. J., Hobbie, J. E., and Corliss, T. L.: Carbon Flow in a Tundra Stream Ecosystem, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 43, 1259–1270, 1986.
Peterson, B. J., Deegan, L., Helfrich, J., Hobbie, J. E., Hullar, M., Moller, B., Ford, T. E., Hershey, A., Hiltner, A., Kipphut, G., Lock, M. A., Fiebig, D. M., McKinley, V., Miller, M. C., Vestal, J. R., Ventullo, R., and Volk, G.: Biological Responses of a Tundra River to Fertilization, Ecology, 74, 653–672, 1993.
Peterson, B. J., McClelland, J., Curry, R., Holmes, R. M., Walsh, J. E., and Aagaard, K.: Trajectory shifts in the Arctic and subarctic freshwater cycle, Science, 313, 1061–1066, 2006.
Petrone, K. C., Jones, J. B., Hinzman, L. D., and Boone, R. D.: Seasonal export of carbon, nitrogen, and major solutes from Alaskan catchments with discontinuous permafrost, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 111, 1–13, 2006.
Pizano, C., Barón, A. F., Schuur, E. A. G., Crummer, K. G., and Mack, M. C.: Effects of thermo-erosional disturbance on surface soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in upland arctic tundra, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 075006, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/7/075006, 2014.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, available at: http://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 24 July 2014), 2013.
Rawlins, M. A., Steele, M., Holland, M. M., Adam, J. C., Cherry, J. E., Francis, J. A., Groisman, P. Y., Hinzman, L. D., Huntington, T. G., Kane, D. L., Kimball, J. S., Kwok, R., Lammers, R. B., Lee, C. M., Lettenmaier, D. P., McDonald, K. C., Podest, E., Pundsack, J. W., Rudels, B., Serreze, M. C., Shiklomanov, A., Skagseth, Ø., Troy, T. J., Vörösmarty, C. J., Wensnahan, M., Wood, E. F., Woodgate, R., Yang, D., Zhang, K., and Zhang, T.: Analysis of the Arctic System for Freshwater Cycle Intensification: Observations and Expectations, J. Climate, 23, 5715–5737, 2010.
Schuur, E. A. G., Vogel, J. G., Crummer, K. G., Lee, H., Sickman, J. O., and Osterkamp, T. E.: The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon exchange from tundra, Nature, 459, 556–559, 2009.
Schuur, E. A. G., McGuire, A. D., Schädel, C., Grosse, G., Harden, J. W., Hayes, D. J., Hugelius, G., Koven, C. D., Kuhry, P., Lawrence, D. M., Natali, S. M., Olefeldt, D., Romanovsky, V. E., Schaefer, K., Turetsky, M. R., Treat, C. C., and Vonk, J. E.: Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback, Nature, 520, 171–179, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14338, 2015.
Shirokova, L. S., Pokrovsky, O. S., Kirpotin, S. N., Desmukh, C., Pokrovsky, B. G., Audry, S., and Viers, J.: Biogeochemistry of organic carbon, CO2, CH4, and trace elements in thermokarst water bodies in discontinuous permafrost zones of Western Siberia, Biogeochemistry, 113, 573–593, 2013.
Slater, A. G. and Lawrence, D. M.: Diagnosing Present and Future Permafrost from Climate Models, J. Climate, 26, 5608–5623, 2013.
Slavik, K., Peterson, B. J., Deegan, L. A., Bowden, W. B., Hershey, A. E., and Hobbie, J. E.: Long-term responses of the Kuparuk River ecosystem to phosphorus fertilization, Ecology, 85, 939–954, 2004.
Stottlemyer, R.: Biogeochemistry of a Treeline Watershed, Northwestern Alaska, J. Environ. Qual., 30, 1990–1998, 2001.
Striegl, R. G., Aiken, G. R., Dornblaser, M. M., Raymond, P. A., and Wickland, K. P.: A decrease in discharge-normalized DOC export by the Yukon River during summer through autumn, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, 1–4, 2005.
Striegl, R. G., Dornblaser, M. M., McDonald, C. P., Rover, J. R., and Stets, E. G.: Carbon dioxide and methane emissions from the Yukon River system, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 26, GB0E05, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GB004306, 2012.
Sullivan, P. F. and Sveinbjornsson, B.: Microtopographic Control of Treeline Advance in Noatak National Preserve, Northwest Alaska, Ecosystems, 13, 275–285, 2010.
Tank, S. E., Frey, K. E., Striegl, R. G., Raymond, P. A., Holmes, R. M., McClelland, J. W., and Peterson, B. J.: Landscape-level controls on dissolved carbon flux from diverse catchments of the circumboreal, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 26, 1–15, 2012.
Tarnocai, C., Canadell, J. G., Schuur, E. A. G., Kuhry, P., Mazhitova, G., and Zimov, S.: Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost region, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 23, 1–11, 2009.
Thienpont, J. R., Ruehland, K. M., Pisaric, M. F. J., Kokelj, S. V., Kimpe, L. E., Blais, J. M., and Smol, J. P.: Biological responses to permafrost thaw slumping in Canadian Arctic lakes, Freshwater Biol., 58, 337–353, 2013.
Thompson, M. S., Wrona, F. J., and Prowse, T. D.: Shifts in Plankton, Nutrient and Light Relationships in Small Tundra Lakes Caused by Localized Permafrost Thaw, Arctic, 65, 367–376, 2012.
Toolik Environmental Data Center Team: Meterological monitoring program at Toolik, Alaska, Toolik Field Station, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks AK 99775, 2014.
Townsend-Small, A., McClelland, J. W., Holmes, R. M., and Peterson, B. J.: Seasonal and hydrologic drivers of dissolved organic matter and nutrients in the upper Kuparuk River, Alaskan Arctic, Biogeochemistry, 103, 109–124, 2011.
Vancoppenolle, M., Bopp, L., Madec, G., Dunne, J., Ilyina, T., Halloran, P. R., and Steiner, N.: Future Arctic Ocean primary productivity from CMIP5 simulations: Uncertain outcome, but consistent mechanisms, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 27, 605–619, 2013.
Vitousek, P. M. and Reiners, W. A.: Ecosystem succession and nutrient retention: a hypothesis, Bioscience, 25, 376–381, 1975.
Vonk, J. E. and Gustafsson, O.: Permafrost-carbon complexities, Na. Geosci., 6, 675–676, 2013.
Vonk, J. E., Sanchez-Garcia, L., van Dongen, B. E., Alling, V., Kosmach, D., Charkin, A., Semiletov, I. P., Dudarev, O. V., Shakhova, N., Roos, P., Eglinton, T. I., Andersson, A., and Gustafsson, O.: Activation of old carbon by erosion of coastal and subsea permafrost in Arctic Siberia, Nature, 489, 137–140, 2012.
Vonk, J. E., Mann, P. J., Davydov, S., Davydova, A., Spencer, R. G. M., Schade, J., Sobczak, W. V., Zimov, N., Zimov, S., Bulygina, E., Eglinton, T. I., and Holmes, R. M.: High biolability of ancient permafrost carbon upon thaw, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 2689–2693, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50348, 2013.
Walker, D. A., Auerbach, N. A., Bockheim, J. G., Chapin, F. S., Eugster, W., King, J. Y., McFadden, J. P., Michaelson, G. J., Nelson, F. E., Oechel, W. C., Ping, C. L., Reeburg, W. S., Regli, S., Shiklomanov, N. I., and Vourlitis, G. L.: Energy and trace-gas fluxes across a soil pH boundary in the arctic, Nature, 394, 469–472, 1998.
Walker, D. A., Raynolds, M. K., Daniels, F. J. A., Einarsson, E., Elvebakk, A., Gould, W. A., Katenin, A. E., Kholod, S. S., Markon, C. J., Melnikov, E. S., Moskalenko, N. G., Talbot, S. S., Yurtsev, B. A., and Team, C.: The Circumpolar Arctic vegetation map, J. Veg. Sci., 16, 267–282, 2005.
Walker, D. A., Raynolds, M. K., Maier, H. A., Barbour, E. M., and Neufeld, G. P.: Circumpolar geobotanical mapping: a web-based plant-to-planet approach for vegetation-change analysis in the Arctic, Viten, 1, 125–128, 2010.
Walter, K. M., Zimov, S. A., Chanton, J. P., Verbyla, D., and Chapin, F. S.: Methane bubbling from Siberian thaw lakes as a positive feedback to climate warming, Nature, 443, 71–75, 2006.
Wickland, K. P., Aiken, G. R., Butler, K., Dornblaser, M. M., Spencer, R. G. M., and Striegl, R. G.: Biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in the Yukon River and its tributaries: Seasonality and importance of inorganic nitrogen, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 26, 1–14, 2012.
Wilhelm, E., Battino, R., and Wilcock, R. J.: Low-pressure solubility of gases in liquid water, Chem. Rev., 77, 219–262, 1977.
Wlostowski, A. N., Gooseff, M. N., and Wagener, T.: Influence of constant rate versus slug injection experiment type on parameter identifiability in a 1-D transient storage model for stream solute transport, Water Resour. Res., 49, 1184–1188, 2013.
WRCC: available at: http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/index.html (last access: 19 June 2014), 2011.
Yoshikawa, K., Bolton, W. R., Romanovsky, V. E., Fukuda, M., and Hinzman, L. D.: Impacts of wildfire on the permafrost in the boreal forests of Interior Alaska, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 1–14, 2002.
Zhang, T., Heginbottom, J. A., Barry, R. G., and Brown, J.: Further statistics on the distribution of permafrost and ground ice in the Northern Hemisphere, Polar Geogr., 24, 126–131, 2000.
Short summary
As high latitudes warm, carbon and nitrogen stored in permafrost soil will be vulnerable to erosion and transport to Arctic streams and rivers. We sampled outflow from 83 permafrost collapse features in Alaska. Permafrost collapse caused substantial increases in dissolved organic carbon and inorganic nitrogen but decreased methane concentration by 90%. Upland thermokarst may be a dominant linkage transferring carbon and nutrients from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems as the Arctic warms.
As high latitudes warm, carbon and nitrogen stored in permafrost soil will be vulnerable to...
Special issue
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint