Articles | Volume 14, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1039-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1039-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 Mar 2017
Research article |
| 07 Mar 2017
Carbon balance of a grazed savanna grassland ecosystem in South Africa
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland
Mika Aurela
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Ville Vakkari
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Johan P. Beukes
Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University,
South Africa
Juha-Pekka Tuovinen
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Pieter G. Van Zyl
Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University,
South Africa
Miroslav Josipovic
Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University,
South Africa
Andrew D. Venter
Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University,
South Africa
Kerneels Jaars
Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University,
South Africa
Stefan J. Siebert
Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University,
South Africa
Tuomas Laurila
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Janne Rinne
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki,
Finland
Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund
University, Sweden
Lauri Laakso
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University,
South Africa
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Cited
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Study on the Simplification Calculation Model of Marine Diesel Engine Exhaust Flow Based on Air-Fuel Ratio G. Junwu et al. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2890035
- Ecosystem productivity and CO2 exchange response to the interaction of livestock grazing and rainfall manipulation in a Kenyan savanna J. Ondier et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2020.100095
- Response of net primary productivity to precipitation exclusion in a savanna ecosystem Y. Jin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.07.007
- Extensive Urban Green Roof Shows Consistent Annual Net Uptake of Carbon as Documented by 5 Years of Eddy‐Covariance Flux Measurements J. Konopka et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005879
- Observations of ozone formation in southern African savanna and grassland fire plumes V. Vakkari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117256
- Analysis of CO2, CH4, and CO surface and column concentrations observed at Réunion Island by assessing WRF-Chem simulations S. Callewaert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7763-2022
- The effect of rainfall amount and timing on annual transpiration in a grazed savanna grassland M. Räsänen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5773-2022
- A global hourly gross primary production dataset from 2001 to 2020 Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06371-0
- Root‐zone soil moisture variability across African savannas: From pulsed rainfall to land‐cover switches M. Räsänen et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2213
- Receptor modelling and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds measured at a regional background site in South Africa K. Jaars et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.10.047
- Livestock grazing and biodiversity: Effects on CO2 exchange in semi-arid Karoo ecosystems, South Africa O. Rybchak et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168517
- Assessment of polar organic aerosols at a regional background site in southern Africa W. Booyens et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-019-09389-y
- Carbon Exchange and Accumulation in an Orinoco High Plains Native Savanna Ecosystem as Measured by Eddy Covariance L. Morales-Rincon et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.673932
- Carbon use efficiency of hayed alfalfa and grass pastures in a semiarid environment N. Saliendra et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2147
- Characterising Particulate Organic Nitrogen at A Savannah-Grassland Region in South Africa W. Booyens et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090492
- Paired eddy covariance site reveals consistent net C sinks over three growing seasons in an African arid and grassy shrubland A. Maluleke et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110705
- Greenhouse gas and energy fluxes in a boreal peatland forest after clear-cutting M. Korkiakoski et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3703-2019
- Livestock grazing and rainfall manipulation alter the patterning of CO2 fluxes and biomass development of the herbaceous community in a humid savanna D. Okach et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-019-00977-2
- Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis of a Remote-Sensing-Based Penman–Monteith Model to Meteorological and Land Surface Input Variables N. Majozi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050882
- Six-year observations of aerosol optical properties at a southern African grassland savannah site M. Venter et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117477
- Assessment of African grassland sustainability for livestock use by constructing a carrying capacity alert index S. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-68084-7
- Improved management reduces carbon losses in semi-arid grasslands: An analysis of upscaled CO₂ fluxes from portable chambers A. Carrascosa et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111215
- A 10-year global monthly averaged terrestrial net ecosystem exchange dataset inferred from the ACOS GOSAT v9 XCO2 retrievals (GCAS2021) F. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3013-2022
- Retrieval of daily gross primary production over Europe and Africa from an ensemble of SEVIRI/MSG products B. Martínez et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2017.10.011
- Carbon dioxide and methane exchange of a patterned subarctic fen during two contrasting growing seasons L. Heiskanen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-873-2021
- Net carbon dioxide exchange in a hyperseasonal cattle pasture in the northern Pantanal wetland of Brazil H. Dalmagro et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109099
- Limited carbon sequestration potential from global ecosystem restoration C. Tölgyesi et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01742-z
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Study on the Simplification Calculation Model of Marine Diesel Engine Exhaust Flow Based on Air-Fuel Ratio G. Junwu et al. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2890035
- Ecosystem productivity and CO2 exchange response to the interaction of livestock grazing and rainfall manipulation in a Kenyan savanna J. Ondier et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2020.100095
- Response of net primary productivity to precipitation exclusion in a savanna ecosystem Y. Jin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.07.007
- Extensive Urban Green Roof Shows Consistent Annual Net Uptake of Carbon as Documented by 5 Years of Eddy‐Covariance Flux Measurements J. Konopka et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005879
- Observations of ozone formation in southern African savanna and grassland fire plumes V. Vakkari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117256
- Analysis of CO2, CH4, and CO surface and column concentrations observed at Réunion Island by assessing WRF-Chem simulations S. Callewaert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7763-2022
- The effect of rainfall amount and timing on annual transpiration in a grazed savanna grassland M. Räsänen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5773-2022
- A global hourly gross primary production dataset from 2001 to 2020 Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06371-0
- Root‐zone soil moisture variability across African savannas: From pulsed rainfall to land‐cover switches M. Räsänen et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2213
- Receptor modelling and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds measured at a regional background site in South Africa K. Jaars et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.10.047
- Livestock grazing and biodiversity: Effects on CO2 exchange in semi-arid Karoo ecosystems, South Africa O. Rybchak et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168517
- Assessment of polar organic aerosols at a regional background site in southern Africa W. Booyens et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-019-09389-y
- Carbon Exchange and Accumulation in an Orinoco High Plains Native Savanna Ecosystem as Measured by Eddy Covariance L. Morales-Rincon et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.673932
- Carbon use efficiency of hayed alfalfa and grass pastures in a semiarid environment N. Saliendra et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2147
- Characterising Particulate Organic Nitrogen at A Savannah-Grassland Region in South Africa W. Booyens et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090492
- Paired eddy covariance site reveals consistent net C sinks over three growing seasons in an African arid and grassy shrubland A. Maluleke et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110705
- Greenhouse gas and energy fluxes in a boreal peatland forest after clear-cutting M. Korkiakoski et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3703-2019
- Livestock grazing and rainfall manipulation alter the patterning of CO2 fluxes and biomass development of the herbaceous community in a humid savanna D. Okach et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-019-00977-2
- Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis of a Remote-Sensing-Based Penman–Monteith Model to Meteorological and Land Surface Input Variables N. Majozi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050882
- Six-year observations of aerosol optical properties at a southern African grassland savannah site M. Venter et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117477
- Assessment of African grassland sustainability for livestock use by constructing a carrying capacity alert index S. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-68084-7
- Improved management reduces carbon losses in semi-arid grasslands: An analysis of upscaled CO₂ fluxes from portable chambers A. Carrascosa et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111215
- A 10-year global monthly averaged terrestrial net ecosystem exchange dataset inferred from the ACOS GOSAT v9 XCO2 retrievals (GCAS2021) F. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3013-2022
- Retrieval of daily gross primary production over Europe and Africa from an ensemble of SEVIRI/MSG products B. Martínez et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2017.10.011
- Carbon dioxide and methane exchange of a patterned subarctic fen during two contrasting growing seasons L. Heiskanen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-873-2021
- Net carbon dioxide exchange in a hyperseasonal cattle pasture in the northern Pantanal wetland of Brazil H. Dalmagro et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109099
- Limited carbon sequestration potential from global ecosystem restoration C. Tölgyesi et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01742-z
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 06 Sep 2026
Short summary
This study presents measurements of carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and a grazed savanna grassland ecosystem for 3 years. We find that the yearly variation in carbon dioxide balance is largely determined by the changes in the early wet season balance (September to November) and in the mid-growing season balance (December to January).
This study presents measurements of carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and a grazed...
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