Articles | Volume 17, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3223-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3223-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Jun 2020
Research article |
| 26 Jun 2020
| 26 Jun 2020
Dissolved CH4 coupled to photosynthetic picoeukaryotes in oxic waters and to cumulative chlorophyll a in anoxic waters of reservoirs
Elizabeth León-Palmero
Departamento de Ecología and Instituto del Agua, Universidad de
Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
Alba Contreras-Ruiz
Departamento de Ecología and Instituto del Agua, Universidad de
Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
Ana Sierra
Departamento de Química Física and Instituto Universitario
de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y
Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
Rafael Morales-Baquero
Departamento de Ecología and Instituto del Agua, Universidad de
Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
Departamento de Ecología and Instituto del Agua, Universidad de
Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada,
Spain
Related authors
Isabell Schlangen, Elizabeth Leon-Palmero, Annabell Moser, Peihang Xu, Erik Laursen, and Carolin Regina Löscher
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3680, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3680, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We explored nitrogen fixation in the Arctic Ocean, revealing its key role in supporting coastal productivity, especially near melting glaciers. By combining molecular data, rate measurements, and environmental analysis, we identified dominant microbes like symbiotic unicellular cyanobacteria and linked high nitrogen fixation to glacial melt. Our findings suggest that climate-driven changes may expand niches for these microbes, reshaping nitrogen cycles and Arctic productivity in the future.
Claudia Frey, Hermann W. Bange, Eric P. Achterberg, Amal Jayakumar, Carolin R. Löscher, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Elizabeth León-Palmero, Mingshuang Sun, Xin Sun, Ruifang C. Xie, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 17, 2263–2287, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2263-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2263-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The production of N2O via nitrification and denitrification associated with low-O2 waters is a major source of oceanic N2O. We investigated the regulation and dynamics of these processes with respect to O2 and organic matter inputs. The transcription of the key nitrification gene amoA rapidly responded to changes in O2 and strongly correlated with N2O production rates. N2O production by denitrification was clearly stimulated by organic carbon, implying that its supply controls N2O production.
Isabell Schlangen, Elizabeth Leon-Palmero, Annabell Moser, Peihang Xu, Erik Laursen, and Carolin Regina Löscher
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3680, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3680, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We explored nitrogen fixation in the Arctic Ocean, revealing its key role in supporting coastal productivity, especially near melting glaciers. By combining molecular data, rate measurements, and environmental analysis, we identified dominant microbes like symbiotic unicellular cyanobacteria and linked high nitrogen fixation to glacial melt. Our findings suggest that climate-driven changes may expand niches for these microbes, reshaping nitrogen cycles and Arctic productivity in the future.
Ihab Alfadhel, Ignacio Peralta-Maraver, Isabel Reche, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Eva Rodríguez-Velasco, Andrew S. Kowalski, and Penélope Serrano-Ortiz
Biogeosciences, 21, 5117–5129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Inland saline lakes are crucial in the global carbon cycle, but increased droughts may alter their carbon exchange capacity. We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a Mediterranean saline lake using the eddy covariance method under dry and wet conditions. We found the lake acts as a carbon sink during wet periods but not during droughts. These results highlight the importance of saline lakes in carbon sequestration and their vulnerability to climate-change-induced droughts.
Claudia Frey, Hermann W. Bange, Eric P. Achterberg, Amal Jayakumar, Carolin R. Löscher, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Elizabeth León-Palmero, Mingshuang Sun, Xin Sun, Ruifang C. Xie, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 17, 2263–2287, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2263-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2263-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The production of N2O via nitrification and denitrification associated with low-O2 waters is a major source of oceanic N2O. We investigated the regulation and dynamics of these processes with respect to O2 and organic matter inputs. The transcription of the key nitrification gene amoA rapidly responded to changes in O2 and strongly correlated with N2O production rates. N2O production by denitrification was clearly stimulated by organic carbon, implying that its supply controls N2O production.
Gema L. Batanero, Andy J. Green, Juan A. Amat, Marion Vittecoq, Curtis A. Suttle, and Isabel Reche
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-60, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-60, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal wetlands provide ecosystem services such as a reduction in nitrogen inputs into coastal waters and storage organic carbon. The rise of sea level will salinize many coastal wetlands. Here, we analyzed the abundance of prokaryotes and the heterotrophic production of bacteria and archaea in wetlands from the Mediterranean coast. We observed a switch from bacterial-dominated production to archaeal-dominated production with increases of anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and salinity.
Dolores Jiménez-López, Ana Sierra, Teodora Ortega, Soledad Garrido, Nerea Hernández-Puyuelo, Ricardo Sánchez-Leal, and Jesús Forja
Ocean Sci., 15, 1225–1245, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1225-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1225-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The present study describes the surface distribution of the partial pressure of CO2 in the continental shelf of the eastern Gulf of Cádiz. For this, eight oceanographic cruises were carried out between March 2014 and February 2016. This distribution presents a linear dependence with the temperature and it decreases with distance from the coast. The Gulf of Cádiz shows a mean rate of −0.18 ± 1.32 mmol m-2 d-1, with an annual uptake capacity of CO2 of 4.1 Gg C year-1.
Julie Vincent, Benoit Laurent, Rémi Losno, Elisabeth Bon Nguyen, Pierre Roullet, Stéphane Sauvage, Servanne Chevaillier, Patrice Coddeville, Noura Ouboulmane, Alcide Giorgio di Sarra, Antonio Tovar-Sánchez, Damiano Sferlazzo, Ana Massanet, Sylvain Triquet, Rafael Morales Baquero, Michel Fornier, Cyril Coursier, Karine Desboeufs, François Dulac, and Gilles Bergametti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8749–8766, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8749-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8749-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate dust deposition dynamics at the regional scale, five automatic deposition collectors named CARAGA have been deployed in the western Mediterranean basin (Lampedusa, Majorca, Corsica, Frioul and Le Casset) during 1 to 3 years depending on the station. Complementary observations provided by both satellite and air mass trajectories are used to identify the dust provenance areas and the transport pathways from the Sahara to the stations for the studied period.
I. de Vicente, E. Ortega-Retuerta, R. Morales-Baquero, and I. Reche
Biogeosciences, 9, 5049–5060, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5049-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5049-2012, 2012
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Greenhouse Gases
Air temperature and precipitation constraining the modelled wetland methane emissions in a boreal region in northern Europe
Ensemble estimates of global wetland methane emissions over 2000–2020
Seasonal carbon fluxes from vegetation and soil in a Mediterranean non-tidal salt marsh
Explainable machine learning for modeling of net ecosystem exchange in boreal forests
Dynamics of CO2 and CH4 fluxes in Red Sea mangrove soils
Nitrous oxide (N2O) in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania
Technical note: A low-cost, automatic soil–plant–atmosphere enclosure system to investigate CO2 and evapotranspiration flux dynamics
Tidal influence on carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from tree stems and soils in mangrove forests
Drought conditions disrupt atmospheric carbon uptake in a Mediterranean saline lake
Physicochemical perturbation increases nitrous oxide production from denitrification in soils and sediments
Carbon degradation and mobilisation potentials of thawing permafrost peatlands in northern Norway inferred from laboratory incubations
Seasonal dynamics and regional distribution patterns of CO2 and CH4 in the north-eastern Baltic Sea
Interannual and seasonal variability of the air–sea CO2 exchange at Utö in the coastal region of the Baltic Sea
CO2 emissions of drained coastal peatlands in the Netherlands and potential emission reduction by water infiltration systems
Seasonal and inter-annual variability of carbon fluxes in southern Africa seen by GOSAT
Influence of wind strength and direction on diffusive methane fluxes and atmospheric methane concentrations above the North Sea
Surface CO2 Gradients Challenge Conventional CO2 Emission Quantification in Lentic Water Bodies under Calm Conditions
Eddy covariance fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O on a drained peatland forest after clearcutting
Spatiotemporal variability of CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes from a semi-deciduous tropical forest soil in the Congo basin
Eddy Covariance Evaluation of Ecosystem Fluxes at a Temperate Saltmarsh in Victoria, Australia Shows Large CO2 Uptake
Using eddy covariance observations to determine the carbon sequestration characteristics of subalpine forests in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Isotopomer labeling and oxygen dependence of hybrid nitrous oxide production
The emission of CO from tropical rainforest soils
Interferences caused by the microbial methane cycle during the assessment of abandoned oil and gas wells
Carbon sequestration in different urban vegetation types in Southern Finland
Modelling CO2 and N2O emissions from soils in silvopastoral systems of the West African Sahelian band
A case study on topsoil removal and rewetting for paludiculture: effect on biogeochemistry and greenhouse gas emissions from Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, and Azolla filiculoides
Assessing improvements in global ocean pCO2 machine learning reconstructions with Southern Ocean autonomous sampling
Proglacial methane emissions driven by meltwater and groundwater flushing in a high Arctic glacial catchment
Timescale dependence of airborne fraction and underlying climate–carbon-cycle feedbacks for weak perturbations in CMIP5 models
Technical note: Preventing CO2 overestimation from mercuric or copper(II) chloride preservation of dissolved greenhouse gases in freshwater samples
Exploring temporal and spatial variation of nitrous oxide flux using several years of peatland forest automatic chamber data
Diurnal versus spatial variability of greenhouse gas emissions from an anthropogenically modified lowland river in Germany
Regional assessment and uncertainty analysis of carbon and nitrogen balances at cropland scale using the ecosystem model LandscapeDNDC
Resolving heterogeneous fluxes from tundra halves the growing season carbon budget
Lawns and meadows in urban green space – a comparison from perspectives of greenhouse gases, drought resilience and plant functional types
Large contribution of soil N2O emission to the global warming potential of a large-scale oil palm plantation despite changing from conventional to reduced management practices
Identifying landscape hot and cold spots of soil greenhouse gas fluxes by combining field measurements and remote sensing data
Enhanced Southern Ocean CO2 outgassing as a result of stronger and poleward shifted southern hemispheric westerlies
Spatial and temporal variability of methane emissions and environmental conditions in a hyper-eutrophic fishpond
Optical and radar Earth observation data for upscaling methane emissions linked to permafrost degradation in sub-Arctic peatlands in northern Sweden
Herbivore–shrub interactions influence ecosystem respiration and biogenic volatile organic compound composition in the subarctic
Methane emissions due to reservoir flushing: a significant emission pathway?
Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from mounds of African fungus-growing termites
Diel and seasonal methane dynamics in the shallow and turbulent Wadden Sea
Technical note: Skirt chamber – an open dynamic method for the rapid and minimally intrusive measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands
Seasonal variability of nitrous oxide concentrations and emissions in a temperate estuary
Reviews and syntheses: Recent advances in microwave remote sensing in support of terrestrial carbon cycle science in Arctic–boreal regions
Simulated methane emissions from Arctic ponds are highly sensitive to warming
Water-table-driven greenhouse gas emission estimates guide peatland restoration at national scale
Tuula Aalto, Aki Tsuruta, Jarmo Mäkelä, Jurek Müller, Maria Tenkanen, Eleanor Burke, Sarah Chadburn, Yao Gao, Vilma Mannisenaho, Thomas Kleinen, Hanna Lee, Antti Leppänen, Tiina Markkanen, Stefano Materia, Paul A. Miller, Daniele Peano, Olli Peltola, Benjamin Poulter, Maarit Raivonen, Marielle Saunois, David Wårlind, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 22, 323–340, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-323-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-323-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Wetland methane responses to temperature and precipitation were studied in a boreal wetland-rich region in northern Europe using ecosystem models, atmospheric inversions, and upscaled flux observations. The ecosystem models differed in their responses to temperature and precipitation and in their seasonality. However, multi-model means, inversions, and upscaled fluxes had similar seasonality, and they suggested co-limitation by temperature and precipitation.
Zhen Zhang, Benjamin Poulter, Joe R. Melton, William J. Riley, George H. Allen, David J. Beerling, Philippe Bousquet, Josep G. Canadell, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Philippe Ciais, Nicola Gedney, Peter O. Hopcroft, Akihiko Ito, Robert B. Jackson, Atul K. Jain, Katherine Jensen, Fortunat Joos, Thomas Kleinen, Sara H. Knox, Tingting Li, Xin Li, Xiangyu Liu, Kyle McDonald, Gavin McNicol, Paul A. Miller, Jurek Müller, Prabir K. Patra, Changhui Peng, Shushi Peng, Zhangcai Qin, Ryan M. Riggs, Marielle Saunois, Qing Sun, Hanqin Tian, Xiaoming Xu, Yuanzhi Yao, Yi Xi, Wenxin Zhang, Qing Zhu, Qiuan Zhu, and Qianlai Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 22, 305–321, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-305-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-305-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses global methane emissions from wetlands between 2000 and 2020 using multiple models. We found that wetland emissions increased by 6–7 Tg CH4 yr-1 in the 2010s compared to the 2000s. Rising temperatures primarily drove this increase, while changes in precipitation and CO2 levels also played roles. Our findings highlight the importance of wetlands in the global methane budget and the need for continuous monitoring to understand their impact on climate change.
Lorena Carrasco-Barea, Dolors Verdaguer, Maria Gispert, Xavier D. Quintana, Hélène Bourhis, and Laura Llorens
Biogeosciences, 22, 289–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-289-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-289-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon dioxide fluxes have been measured seasonally in four plant species in a Mediterranean non-tidal salt marsh, highlighting the high carbon removal potential that these species have. Carbon dioxide and methane emissions from soil showed high variability among the habitats studied, and they were generally higher than those observed in tidal salt marshes. Our results are important for making more accurate predictions regarding carbon emissions from these ecosystems.
Ekaterina Ezhova, Topi Laanti, Anna Lintunen, Pasi Kolari, Tuomo Nieminen, Ivan Mammarella, Keijo Heljanko, and Markku Kulmala
Biogeosciences, 22, 257–288, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-257-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-257-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Machine learning (ML) models are gaining popularity in biogeosciences. They are applied as gap-filling methods and used to upscale carbon fluxes to larger areas. Here we use explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods to elucidate the performance of machine learning models for carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal forests. We show that statistically equal models treat input variables differently. XAI methods can help scientists make informed decisions when applying ML models in their research.
Jessica Breavington, Alexandra Steckbauer, Chuancheng Fu, Mongi Ennasri, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 22, 117–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-117-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-117-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Mangrove carbon storage in the Red Sea is lower than average due to challenging growth conditions. We collected mangrove soil cores over multiple seasons to measure greenhouse gas (GHG) flux of carbon dioxide and methane. GHG emissions are a small offset to mangrove carbon storage overall but punctuated by periods of high emission. This variation is linked to environmental and soil properties, which were also measured. The findings aid understanding of GHG dynamics in arid mangrove ecosystems.
Johnathan Daniel Maxey, Neil D. Hartstein, Hermann W. Bange, and Moritz Müller
Biogeosciences, 21, 5613–5637, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The distribution of N2O in fjord-like estuaries is poorly described in the Southern Hemisphere. Our study describes N2O distribution and its drivers in one such system in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania. Water samples were collected seasonally in 2022 and 2023. Results show the system removes atmospheric N2O when river flow is high, whereas the system emits N2O when the river flow is low. N2O generated in basins is intercepted by the surface water and exported to the ocean during high river flow.
Wael Al Hamwi, Maren Dubbert, Jörg Schaller, Matthias Lück, Marten Schmidt, and Mathias Hoffmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 5639–5651, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a fully automatic, low-cost soil–plant enclosure system to monitor CO2 and evapotranspiration fluxes within greenhouse experiments. It operates in two modes: independent, using low-cost sensors, and dependent, where multiple chambers connect to a single gas analyzer via a low-cost multiplexer. This system provides precise, accurate measurements and high temporal resolution, enabling comprehensive monitoring of plant–soil responses to various treatments and conditions.
Zhao-Jun Yong, Wei-Jen Lin, Chiao-Wen Lin, and Hsing-Juh Lin
Biogeosciences, 21, 5247–5260, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5247-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5247-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes from mangrove stems and soils of Avicennia marina and Kandelia obovata during tidal cycles. Both stem types served as CO2 and CH4 sources, emitting less CH4 than soils, with no difference in CO2 flux. While A. marina stems showed increased CO2 fluxes from low to high tides, they acted as a CH4 sink before flooding and as a source after ebbing. However, K. obovata stems showed no flux pattern. This study highlights the need to consider tidal influence and species.
Ihab Alfadhel, Ignacio Peralta-Maraver, Isabel Reche, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Eva Rodríguez-Velasco, Andrew S. Kowalski, and Penélope Serrano-Ortiz
Biogeosciences, 21, 5117–5129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Inland saline lakes are crucial in the global carbon cycle, but increased droughts may alter their carbon exchange capacity. We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a Mediterranean saline lake using the eddy covariance method under dry and wet conditions. We found the lake acts as a carbon sink during wet periods but not during droughts. These results highlight the importance of saline lakes in carbon sequestration and their vulnerability to climate-change-induced droughts.
Nathaniel B. Weston, Cynthia Troy, Patrick J. Kearns, Jennifer L. Bowen, William Porubsky, Christelle Hyacinthe, Christof Meile, Philippe Van Cappellen, and Samantha B. Joye
Biogeosciences, 21, 4837–4851, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse and ozone-depleting gas produced largely from microbial nitrogen cycling processes, and human activities have resulted in increases in atmospheric N2O. We investigate the role of physical and chemical disturbances to soils and sediments in N2O production. We demonstrate that physicochemical perturbation increases N2O production, microbial community adapts over time, and initial perturbation appears to confer resilience to subsequent disturbance.
Sigrid Trier Kjær, Sebastian Westermann, Nora Nedkvitne, and Peter Dörsch
Biogeosciences, 21, 4723–4737, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4723-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4723-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost peatlands are thawing due to climate change, releasing large quantities of carbon that degrades upon thawing and is released as CO2, CH4 or dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We incubated thawed Norwegian permafrost peat plateaus and thermokarst pond sediment found next to permafrost for up to 350 d to measure carbon loss. CO2 production was initially the highest, whereas CH4 production increased over time. The largest carbon loss was measured at the top of the peat plateau core as DOC.
Silvie Lainela, Erik Jacobs, Stella-Theresa Luik, Gregor Rehder, and Urmas Lips
Biogeosciences, 21, 4495–4519, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the variability of carbon dioxide and methane in the surface layer of the north-eastern basins of the Baltic Sea in 2018. We show that the shallower coastal areas have considerably higher spatial variability and seasonal amplitude of surface layer pCO2 and cCH4 than measured in the offshore areas of the Baltic Sea. Despite this high variability, caused mostly by coastal physical processes, the average annual air–sea CO2 fluxes differed only marginally between the sub-basins.
Martti Honkanen, Mika Aurela, Juha Hatakka, Lumi Haraguchi, Sami Kielosto, Timo Mäkelä, Jukka Seppälä, Simo-Matti Siiriä, Ken Stenbäck, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Pasi Ylöstalo, and Lauri Laakso
Biogeosciences, 21, 4341–4359, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4341-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4341-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The exchange of CO2 between the sea and the atmosphere was studied in the Archipelago Sea, Baltic Sea, in 2017–2021, using an eddy covariance technique. The sea acted as a net source of CO2 with an average yearly emission of 27.1 gC m-2 yr-1, indicating that the marine ecosystem respired carbon that originated elsewhere. The yearly CO2 emission varied between 18.2–39.2 gC m-2 yr-1, mostly due to the yearly variation of ecosystem carbon uptake.
Ralf C. H. Aben, Daniël van de Craats, Jim Boonman, Stijn H. Peeters, Bart Vriend, Coline C. F. Boonman, Ype van der Velde, Gilles Erkens, and Merit van den Berg
Biogeosciences, 21, 4099–4118, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4099-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4099-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands cause high CO2 emissions. We assessed the effectiveness of subsurface water infiltration systems (WISs) in reducing CO2 emissions related to increases in water table depth (WTD) on 12 sites for up to 4 years. Results show WISs markedly reduced emissions by 2.1 t CO2-C ha-1 yr-1. The relationship between the amount of carbon above the WTD and CO2 emission was stronger than the relationship between WTD and emission. Long-term monitoring is crucial for accurate emission estimates.
Eva-Marie Metz, Sanam Noreen Vardag, Sourish Basu, Martin Jung, and André Butz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1955, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1955, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate CO2 fluxes in semi-arid southern Africa from 2009 to 2018 based on satellite CO2 measurements and atmospheric inverse modelling. By selecting process-based vegetation models, which agree with the satellite CO2 fluxes, we find that soil respiration mainly drives the seasonality, whereas photosynthesis substantially influences the interannual variability. Our study emphasizes the need of better representing the response of semi-arid ecosystems to soil rewetting in vegetation models.
Ingeborg Bussmann, Eric P. Achterberg, Holger Brix, Nicolas Brüggemann, Götz Flöser, Claudia Schütze, and Philipp Fischer
Biogeosciences, 21, 3819–3838, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3819-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3819-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas and contributes to climate warming. However, the input of CH4 from coastal areas to the atmosphere is not well defined. Dissolved and atmospheric CH4 was determined at high spatial resolution in or above the North Sea. The atmospheric CH4 concentration was mainly influenced by wind direction. With our detailed study on the spatial distribution of CH4 fluxes we were able to provide a detailed and more realistic estimation of coastal CH4 fluxes.
Patrick Aurich, Uwe Spank, and Matthias Koschorreck
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2550, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2550, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes can be sources and sinks for the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. The gas exchange between the atmosphere and the water can be measured by taking gas samples in both. However, the depth of water samples is not well defined, which may cause errors. We hypothesized that gradients of CO2 concentrations develop under the surface when wind speeds are very low. Our measurements show that such a gradient can occur in calm nights, potentially shifting a lake from a CO2 sink to a source.
Olli-Pekka Tikkasalo, Olli Peltola, Pavel Alekseychik, Juha Heikkinen, Samuli Launiainen, Aleksi Lehtonen, Qian Li, Eduardo Martinez-García, Mikko Peltoniemi, Petri Salovaara, Ville Tuominen, and Raisa Mäkipää
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1994, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1994, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured from a clearcut peatland forest site. The measurements covered the whole year of 2022 which was the second growing season after the clearcut. The site was a strong GHG source and the highest emissions came from CO2 followed by N2O and CH4. A statistical model that included information on different surfaces in the site was developed to unravel surface-type specific GHG fluxes.
Roxanne Daelman, Marijn Bauters, Matti Barthel, Emmanuel Bulonza, Lodewijk Lefevre, José Mbifo, Johan Six, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Benjamin Wolf, Ralf Kiese, and Pascal Boeckx
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2346, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2346, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The increase in atmospheric concentrations of several greenhouse gasses (GHG) since 1750 is attributed to human activity, however natural ecosystems, such as tropical forests, also contribute to GHG budgets. The Congo basin hosts the second largest tropical forest and is understudied. In this study, measurements of soil GHG exchange were carried out during 16 months in a tropical forest in the Congo Basin. Overall, the soil acted as a major source for CO2 and N2O and a minor sink for CH4.
Ruth Reef, Edoardo Daly, Tivanka Anandappa, Eboni-Jane Vienna-Hallam, Harriet Robertson, Matthew Peck, and Adrien Guyot
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2182, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2182, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Studies show that saltmarshes excel at capturing carbon from the atmosphere. In this study, we measured CO2 flux in an Australian temperate saltmarsh on French Island. The temperate saltmarsh exhibited strong seasonality. During the warmer growing season, the saltmarsh absorbed on average 10.5 grams of CO2 from the atmosphere per m2 daily. Even in winter, when plants were dormant, it continued to be a CO2 sink, albeit smaller. Cool temperatures and high cloud cover inhibit carbon sequestration.
Niu Zhu, Jinniu Wang, Dongliang Luo, Xufeng Wang, Cheng Shen, and Ning Wu
Biogeosciences, 21, 3509–3522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3509-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3509-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study delves into the vital role of subalpine forests in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau as carbon sinks in the context of climate change. Utilizing advanced eddy covariance systems, we uncover their significant carbon sequestration potential, observing distinct seasonal patterns influenced by temperature, humidity, and radiation. Notably, these forests exhibit robust carbon absorption, with potential implications for global carbon balance.
Colette L. Kelly, Nicole M. Travis, Pascale Anabelle Baya, Claudia Frey, Xin Sun, Bess B. Ward, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 21, 3215–3238, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3215-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3215-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, accumulates in regions of the ocean that are low in dissolved oxygen. We used a novel combination of chemical tracers to determine how nitrous oxide is produced in one of these regions, the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean. Our experiments showed that the two most important sources of nitrous oxide under low-oxygen conditions are denitrification, an anaerobic process, and a novel “hybrid” process performed by ammonia-oxidizing archaea.
Hella van Asperen, Thorsten Warneke, Alessandro Carioca de Araújo, Bruce Forsberg, Sávio José Filgueiras Ferreira, Thomas Röckmann, Carina van der Veen, Sipko Bulthuis, Leonardo Ramos de Oliveira, Thiago de Lima Xavier, Jailson da Mata, Marta de Oliveira Sá, Paulo Ricardo Teixeira, Julie Andrews de França e Silva, Susan Trumbore, and Justus Notholt
Biogeosciences, 21, 3183–3199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is regarded as an important indirect greenhouse gas. Soils can emit and take up CO, but, until now, uncertainty remains as to which process dominates in tropical rainforests. We present the first soil CO flux measurements from a tropical rainforest. Based on our observations, we report that tropical rainforest soils are a net source of CO. In addition, we show that valley streams and inundated areas are likely additional hot spots of CO in the ecosystem.
Sebastian F. A. Jordan, Stefan Schloemer, Martin Krüger, Tanja Heffner, Marcus A. Horn, and Martin Blumenberg
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1461, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1461, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a multilayered approach, we studied eight cut and buried abandoned oil wells in a peat rich area of Northern Germany for methane flux, soil gas composition, and isotopic signatures of soil methane and carbon dioxide. The detected methane emissions were of biogenic, peat origin and were not associated with the abandoned wells. Additional microbial analysis and methane oxidation rate measurements demonstrated a high methane-emission mitigation potential in the studied peat-soils.
Laura Thölix, Leif Backman, Minttu Havu, Esko Karvinen, Jesse Soininen, Justine Trémeau, Olli Nevalainen, Joyson Ahongshangbam, Leena Järvi, and Liisa Kulmala
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1453, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1453, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cities seek carbon neutrality and are interested in the sinks of urban vegetation. Measurements are difficult to do which leads to the need for modeling carbon cycle. In this study, we examined the performance of models in estimating carbon sequestration rates in lawns, park trees, and urban forests in Helsinki, Finland. We found that models simulated seasonal and annual variations well. Trees had larger carbon sequestration rates compared with lawns and irrigation often increased carbon sink.
Yélognissè Agbohessou, Claire Delon, Manuela Grippa, Eric Mougin, Daouda Ngom, Espoir Koudjo Gaglo, Ousmane Ndiaye, Paulo Salgado, and Olivier Roupsard
Biogeosciences, 21, 2811–2837, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2811-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2811-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions of greenhouse gases in the Sahel are not well represented because they are considered weak compared to the rest of the world. However, natural areas in the Sahel emit carbon dioxide and nitrous oxides, which need to be assessed because of extended surfaces. We propose an assessment of such emissions in Sahelian silvopastoral systems and of how they are influenced by environmental characteristics. These results are essential to inform climate change strategies in the region.
Merit van den Berg, Thomas M. Gremmen, Renske J. E. Vroom, Jacobus van Huissteden, Jim Boonman, Corine J. A. van Huissteden, Ype van der Velde, Alfons J. P. Smolders, and Bas P. van de Riet
Biogeosciences, 21, 2669–2690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands emit 3 % of the global greenhouse gas emissions. Paludiculture is a way to reduce CO2 emissions while at the same time generating an income for landowners. The side effect is the potentially high methane emissions. We found very high methane emissions for broadleaf cattail compared with narrowleaf cattail and water fern. The rewetting was, however, effective to stop CO2 emissions for all species. The highest potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions had narrowleaf cattail.
Thea H. Heimdal, Galen A. McKinley, Adrienne J. Sutton, Amanda R. Fay, and Lucas Gloege
Biogeosciences, 21, 2159–2176, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2159-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2159-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of ocean carbon are limited in time and space. Machine learning algorithms are therefore used to reconstruct ocean carbon where observations do not exist. Improving these reconstructions is important in order to accurately estimate how much carbon the ocean absorbs from the atmosphere. In this study, we find that a small addition of observations from the Southern Ocean, obtained by autonomous sampling platforms, could significantly improve the reconstructions.
Gabrielle Emma Kleber, Leonard Magerl, Alexandra V. Turchyn, Mark Trimmer, Yizhu Zhu, and Andrew Hodson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1273, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1273, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research on Svalbard has uncovered that melting glaciers can release large amounts of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. By studying a glacier over two summers, we found that its river was highly concentrated in methane. This suggests that as the Arctic warms and glaciers melt, they could be a significant source of methane emissions. This is the first time such emissions have been measured on Svalbard, indicating a wider environmental concern as similar processes may occur across the Arctic.
Guilherme L. Torres Mendonça, Julia Pongratz, and Christian H. Reick
Biogeosciences, 21, 1923–1960, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1923-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1923-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the timescale dependence of airborne fraction and underlying feedbacks by a theory of the climate–carbon system. Using simulations we show the predictive power of this theory and find that (1) this fraction generally decreases for increasing timescales and (2) at all timescales the total feedback is negative and the model spread in a single feedback causes the spread in the airborne fraction. Our study indicates that those are properties of the system, independently of the scenario.
François Clayer, Jan Erik Thrane, Kuria Ndungu, Andrew King, Peter Dörsch, and Thomas Rohrlack
Biogeosciences, 21, 1903–1921, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1903-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Determination of dissolved greenhouse gas (GHG) in freshwater allows us to estimate GHG fluxes. Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is used to preserve water samples prior to GHG analysis despite its environmental and health impacts and interferences with water chemistry in freshwater. Here, we tested the effects of HgCl2, two substitutes and storage time on GHG in water from two boreal lakes. Preservation with HgCl2 caused overestimation of CO2 concentration with consequences for GHG flux estimation.
Helena Rautakoski, Mika Korkiakoski, Jarmo Mäkelä, Markku Koskinen, Kari Minkkinen, Mika Aurela, Paavo Ojanen, and Annalea Lohila
Biogeosciences, 21, 1867–1886, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1867-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1867-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Current and future nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are difficult to estimate due to their high variability in space and time. Several years of N2O fluxes from drained boreal peatland forest indicate high importance of summer precipitation, winter temperature, and snow conditions in controlling annual N2O emissions. The results indicate increasing year-to-year variation in N2O emissions in changing climate with more extreme seasonal weather conditions.
Matthias Koschorreck, Norbert Kamjunke, Uta Koedel, Michael Rode, Claudia Schuetze, and Ingeborg Bussmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 1613–1628, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from different sites at the river Elbe in Germany over 3 days to find out what is more important for quantification: small-scale spatial variability or diurnal temporal variability. We found that CO2 emissions were very different between day and night, while CH4 emissions were more different between sites. Dried out river sediments contributed to CO2 emissions, while the side areas of the river were important CH4 sources.
Odysseas Sifounakis, Edwin Haas, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, and Maria P. Papadopoulou
Biogeosciences, 21, 1563–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1563-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1563-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We performed a full assessment of the carbon and nitrogen cycles of a cropland ecosystem. An uncertainty analysis and quantification of all carbon and nitrogen fluxes were deployed. The inventory simulations include greenhouse gas emissions of N2O, NH3 volatilization and NO3 leaching from arable land cultivation in Greece. The inventory also reports changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in arable soils.
Sarah M. Ludwig, Luke Schiferl, Jacqueline Hung, Susan M. Natali, and Roisin Commane
Biogeosciences, 21, 1301–1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1301-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1301-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Landscapes are often assumed to be homogeneous when using eddy covariance fluxes, which can lead to biases when calculating carbon budgets. In this study we report eddy covariance carbon fluxes from heterogeneous tundra. We used the footprints of each flux observation to unmix the fluxes coming from components of the landscape. We identified and quantified hot spots of carbon emissions in the landscape. Accurately scaling with landscape heterogeneity yielded half as much regional carbon uptake.
Justine Trémeau, Beñat Olascoaga, Leif Backman, Esko Karvinen, Henriikka Vekuri, and Liisa Kulmala
Biogeosciences, 21, 949–972, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-949-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-949-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied urban lawns and meadows in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. We found that meadows are more resistant to drought events but that they do not increase carbon sequestration compared with lawns. Moreover, the transformation from lawns to meadows did not demonstrate any negative climate effects in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. Even though social and economic aspects also steer urban development, these results can guide planning to consider carbon-smart options.
Guantao Chen, Edzo Veldkamp, Muhammad Damris, Bambang Irawan, Aiyen Tjoa, and Marife D. Corre
Biogeosciences, 21, 513–529, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We established an oil palm management experiment in a large-scale oil palm plantation in Jambi, Indonesia. We recorded oil palm fruit yield and measured soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes. After 4 years of treatment, compared with conventional fertilization with herbicide weeding, reduced fertilization with mechanical weeding did not reduce yield and soil greenhouse gas emissions, which highlights the legacy effects of over a decade of conventional management prior to the start of the experiment.
Elizabeth Gachibu Wangari, Ricky Mwangada Mwanake, Tobias Houska, David Kraus, Gretchen Maria Gettel, Ralf Kiese, Lutz Breuer, and Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
Biogeosciences, 20, 5029–5067, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5029-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5029-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Agricultural landscapes act as sinks or sources of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) CO2, CH4, or N2O. Various physicochemical and biological processes control the fluxes of these GHGs between ecosystems and the atmosphere. Therefore, fluxes depend on environmental conditions such as soil moisture, soil temperature, or soil parameters, which result in large spatial and temporal variations of GHG fluxes. Here, we describe an example of how this variation may be studied and analyzed.
Laurie C. Menviel, Paul Spence, Andrew E. Kiss, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Hakase Hayashida, Matthew H. England, and Darryn Waugh
Biogeosciences, 20, 4413–4431, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4413-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4413-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
As the ocean absorbs 25% of the anthropogenic emissions of carbon, it is important to understand the impact of climate change on the flux of carbon between the ocean and the atmosphere. Here, we use a very high-resolution ocean, sea-ice, carbon cycle model to show that the capability of the Southern Ocean to uptake CO2 has decreased over the last 40 years due to a strengthening and poleward shift of the southern hemispheric westerlies. This trend is expected to continue over the coming century.
Petr Znachor, Jiří Nedoma, Vojtech Kolar, and Anna Matoušů
Biogeosciences, 20, 4273–4288, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4273-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4273-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted intensive spatial sampling of the hypertrophic fishpond to better understand the spatial dynamics of methane fluxes and environmental heterogeneity in fishponds. The diffusive fluxes of methane accounted for only a minor fraction of the total fluxes and both varied pronouncedly within the pond and over the studied summer season. This could be explained only by the water depth. Wind substantially affected temperature, oxygen and chlorophyll a distribution in the pond.
Sofie Sjögersten, Martha Ledger, Matthias Siewert, Betsabé de la Barreda-Bautista, Andrew Sowter, David Gee, Giles Foody, and Doreen S. Boyd
Biogeosciences, 20, 4221–4239, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4221-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4221-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost thaw in Arctic regions is increasing methane emissions, but quantification is difficult given the large and remote areas impacted. We show that UAV data together with satellite data can be used to extrapolate emissions across the wider landscape as well as detect areas at risk of higher emissions. A transition of currently degrading areas to fen type vegetation can increase emission by several orders of magnitude, highlighting the importance of quantifying areas at risk.
Cole G. Brachmann, Tage Vowles, Riikka Rinnan, Mats P. Björkman, Anna Ekberg, and Robert G. Björk
Biogeosciences, 20, 4069–4086, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4069-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4069-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Herbivores change plant communities through grazing, altering the amount of CO2 and plant-specific chemicals (termed VOCs) emitted. We tested this effect by excluding herbivores and studying the CO2 and VOC emissions. Herbivores reduced CO2 emissions from a meadow community and altered VOC composition; however, community type had the strongest effect on the amount of CO2 and VOCs released. Herbivores can mediate greenhouse gas emissions, but the effect is marginal and community dependent.
Ole Lessmann, Jorge Encinas Fernández, Karla Martínez-Cruz, and Frank Peeters
Biogeosciences, 20, 4057–4068, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4057-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4057-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on a large dataset of seasonally resolved methane (CH4) pore water concentrations in a reservoir's sediment, we assess the significance of CH4 emissions due to reservoir flushing. In the studied reservoir, CH4 emissions caused by one flushing operation can represent 7 %–14 % of the annual CH4 emissions and depend on the timing of the flushing operation. In reservoirs with high sediment loadings, regular flushing may substantially contribute to the overall CH4 emissions.
Matti Räsänen, Risto Vesala, Petri Rönnholm, Laura Arppe, Petra Manninen, Markus Jylhä, Jouko Rikkinen, Petri Pellikka, and Janne Rinne
Biogeosciences, 20, 4029–4042, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4029-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4029-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fungus-growing termites recycle large parts of dead plant material in African savannas and are significant sources of greenhouse gases. We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes from their mounds and surrounding soils in open and closed habitats. The fluxes scale with mound volume. The results show that emissions from mounds of fungus-growing termites are more stable than those from other termites. The soil fluxes around the mound are affected by the termite colonies at up to 2 m distance from the mound.
Tim René de Groot, Anne Margriet Mol, Katherine Mesdag, Pierre Ramond, Rachel Ndhlovu, Julia Catherine Engelmann, Thomas Röckmann, and Helge Niemann
Biogeosciences, 20, 3857–3872, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3857-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3857-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates methane dynamics in the Wadden Sea. Our measurements revealed distinct variations triggered by seasonality and tidal forcing. The methane budget was higher in warmer seasons but surprisingly high in colder seasons. Methane dynamics were amplified during low tides, flushing the majority of methane into the North Sea or releasing it to the atmosphere. Methanotrophic activity was also elevated during low tide but mitigated only a small fraction of the methane efflux.
Frederic Thalasso, Brenda Riquelme, Andrés Gómez, Roy Mackenzie, Francisco Javier Aguirre, Jorge Hoyos-Santillan, Ricardo Rozzi, and Armando Sepulveda-Jauregui
Biogeosciences, 20, 3737–3749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3737-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3737-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A robust skirt-chamber design to capture and quantify greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands is presented. Compared to standard methods, this design improves the spatial resolution of field studies in remote locations while minimizing intrusion.
Gesa Schulz, Tina Sanders, Yoana G. Voynova, Hermann W. Bange, and Kirstin Dähnke
Biogeosciences, 20, 3229–3247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3229-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3229-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas. However, N2O emissions from estuaries underlie significant uncertainties due to limited data availability and high spatiotemporal variability. We found the Elbe Estuary (Germany) to be a year-round source of N2O, with the highest emissions in winter along with high nitrogen loads. However, in spring and summer, N2O emissions did not decrease alongside lower nitrogen loads because organic matter fueled in situ N2O production along the estuary.
Alex Mavrovic, Oliver Sonnentag, Juha Lemmetyinen, Jennifer L. Baltzer, Christophe Kinnard, and Alexandre Roy
Biogeosciences, 20, 2941–2970, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2941-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2941-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This review supports the integration of microwave spaceborne information into carbon cycle science for Arctic–boreal regions. The microwave data record spans multiple decades with frequent global observations of soil moisture and temperature, surface freeze–thaw cycles, vegetation water storage, snowpack properties, and land cover. This record holds substantial unexploited potential to better understand carbon cycle processes.
Zoé Rehder, Thomas Kleinen, Lars Kutzbach, Victor Stepanenko, Moritz Langer, and Victor Brovkin
Biogeosciences, 20, 2837–2855, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2837-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2837-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use a new model to investigate how methane emissions from Arctic ponds change with warming. We find that emissions increase substantially. Under annual temperatures 5 °C above present temperatures, pond methane emissions are more than 3 times higher than now. Most of this increase is caused by an increase in plant productivity as plants provide the substrate microbes used to produce methane. We conclude that vegetation changes need to be included in predictions of pond methane emissions.
Julian Koch, Lars Elsgaard, Mogens H. Greve, Steen Gyldenkærne, Cecilie Hermansen, Gregor Levin, Shubiao Wu, and Simon Stisen
Biogeosciences, 20, 2387–2403, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2387-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2387-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Utilizing peatlands for agriculture leads to large emissions of greenhouse gases worldwide. The emissions are triggered by lowering the water table, which is a necessary step in order to make peatlands arable. Many countries aim at reducing their emissions by restoring peatlands, which can be achieved by stopping agricultural activities and thereby raising the water table. We estimate a total emission of 2.6 Mt CO2-eq for organic-rich peatlands in Denmark and a potential reduction of 77 %.
Cited articles
Althoff, F., Benzing, K., Comba, P., McRoberts, C., Boyd, D. R., Greiner, S.,
and Keppler, F.: Abiotic methanogenesis from organosulphur compounds under
ambient conditions, Nat. Commun., 5, 4205, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5205, 2014.
Álvarez-Salgado, X. A. and Miller, A. E. J.: Simultaneous determination
of dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen in seawater by high
temperature catalytic oxidation: conditions for precise shipboard
measurements, Mar. Chem., 62, 325–333,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00037-1, 1998.
American Public Health Association (APHA): Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 1992, 18th ed., edited by: Greenberg, A. E., Clesceri, L. S., and Eaton, A. D., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA., 1100 pp., 1992.
Angel, R., Matthies, D., and Conrad, R.: Activation of Methanogenesis in Arid
Biological Soil Crusts Despite the Presence of Oxygen, PLOS ONE, 6,
e20453, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020453, 2011.
Angle, J. C., Morin, T. H., Solden, L. M., Narrowe, A. B., Smith, G. J.,
Borton, M. A., Rey-Sanchez, C., Daly, R. A., Mirfenderesgi, G., Hoyt, D. W.,
Riley, W. J., Miller, C. S., Bohrer, G., and Wrighton, K. C.: Methanogenesis
in oxygenated soils is a substantial fraction of wetland methane emissions,
Nat. Commun., 8, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01753-4, 2017.
Aronow, S.: Shoreline development ratio, in Beaches and Coastal Geology,
Springer US, Boston, MA, 754–755, 1982.
Axler, R. P., Rose, C., and Tikkanen, C. A.: Phytoplankton Nutrient
Deficiency as Related to Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in Northern
Minnesota Acid-Sensitive Lakes, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 51,
1281–1296, https://doi.org/10.1139/f94-128, 1994.
Bastviken, D., Cole, J., Pace, M., and Tranvik, L.: Methane emissions from
lakes: Dependence of lake characteristics, two regional assessments, and a
global estimate, Glob. Biogeochem. Cy., 18, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002238, 2004.
Bastviken, D., Tranvik, L. J., Downing, J. A., Crill, P. M., and
Enrich-Prast, A.: Freshwater Methane Emissions Offset the Continental Carbon
Sink, Science, 331, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1196808, 2011.
Beaulieu, J. J., DelSontro, T., and Downing, J. A.: Eutrophication will
increase methane emissions from lakes and impoundments during the 21st
century, Nat. Commun., 10, 1375, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09100-5, 2019.
Berg, A., Lindblad, P., and Svensson, B. H.: Cyanobacteria as a source of
hydrogen for methane formation, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 30,
539–545, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-013-1463-5, 2014.
Berg, I. A.: Ecological Aspects of the Distribution of Different Autotrophic
CO2 Fixation Pathways, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 77, 1925–1936,
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02473-10, 2011.
Beversdorf, L. J., White, A. E., Björkman, K. M., Letelier, R. M., and
Karl, D. M.: Phosphonate metabolism by Trichodesmium IMS101 and the
production of greenhouse gases, Limnol. Oceanogr., 55, 1768–1778,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.4.1768, 2010.
Bižić, M., Klintzsch, T., Ionescu, D., Hindiyeh, M. Y., Günthel,
M., Muro-Pastor, A. M., Eckert, W., Urich, T., Keppler, F., and Grossart,
H.-P.: Aquatic and terrestrial cyanobacteria produce methane, Sci.
Adv., 6: eaax5343, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax5343, 2020.
Bižić-Ionescu, M., Ionescu, D., Günthel, M., Tang, K. W., and
Grossart, H. P.: Oxic methane cycling: New evidence for methane
formation in Oxic lake water, in: Biogenesis of Hydrocarbons, edited by: Stams, A. J. M. and Souna, D. Z., Springer International Publishing, Basel, 1–22, 2018.
Blees, J., Niemann, H., Erne, M., Zopfi, J., Schubert, C. J., and Lehmann, M.
F.: Spatial variations in surface water methane super-saturation and
emission in Lake Lugano, southern Switzerland, Aquat. Sci., 77, 535–545,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-015-0401-z, 2015.
Bogard, M. J., del Giorgio, P. A., Boutet, L., Chaves, M. C. G., Prairie, Y.
T., Merante, A., and Derry, A. M.: Oxic water column methanogenesis as a
major component of aquatic CH4 fluxes, Nat. Commun., 5, 5350,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6350, 2014.
Boström, K. H., Simu, K., Hagström, Å., and Riemann, L.:
Optimization of DNA extraction for quantitative marine bacterioplankton
community analysis, Limnol. Oceanogr. Method., 2, 365–373,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2004.2.365, 2004.
Burns, B. D. and Beardall, J.: Utilization of inorganic carbon by marine
microalgae, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 107, 75–86,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(87)90125-0, 1987.
Carini, P., White, A. E., Campbell, E. O., and Giovannoni, S. J.: Methane
production by phosphate-starved SAR11 chemoheterotrophic marine bacteria,
Nat. Commun., 5, 4346, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5346, 2014.
Cellamare, M., Rolland, A., and Jacquet, S.: Flow cytometry sorting of
freshwater phytoplankton, J. Appl. Phycol., 22, 87–100,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-009-9439-4, 2010.
Chistoserdova, L., Vorholt, J. A., Thauer, R. K., and Lidstrom, M. E.: C1
Transfer Enzymes and Coenzymes Linking Methylotrophic Bacteria and
Methanogenic Archaea, Science, 281, 99–102,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5373.99, 1998.
Cole, J. J., Pace, M. L., Carpenter, S. R., and Kitchell, J. F.: Persistence
of net heterotrophy in lakes during nutrient addition and food web
manipulations, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 1718–1730,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.8.1718, 2000.
Collier, J. L.: Flow Cytometry and the Single Cell in Phycology, J. Appl.
Phycol., 36, 628–644, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.99215.x, 2000.
Corzo, A., Jimenez-Gomez, F., Gordillo, F., Garcia-Ruiz, R., and Niell, F.:
Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus-like populations detected by flow
cytometry in a eutrophic reservoir in summer, J. Plankton Res., 21,
1575–1581, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/21.8.1575, 1999.
Crowe, S. A., O'Neill, A. H., Katsev, S., Hehanussa, P., Haffner, G. D.,
Sundby, B., Mucci, A., and Fowle, D. A.: The biogeochemistry of tropical
lakes: A case study from Lake Matano, Indonesia, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53,
319–331, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.1.0319, 2008.
Damm, E., Kiene, R. P., Schwarz, J., Falck, E., and Dieckmann, G.: Methane
cycling in Arctic shelf water and its relationship with phytoplankton
biomass and DMSP, Mar. Chem., 109, 45–59,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.12.003, 2008.
Damm, E., Helmke, E., Thoms, S., Schauer, U., Nöthig, E., Bakker, K., and
Kiene, R. P.: Methane production in aerobic oligotrophic surface water in
the central Arctic Ocean, Biogeosciences, 7, 1099–1108,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1099-2010, 2010.
Damm, E., Thoms, S., Beszczynska-Möller, A., Nöthig, E. M., and
Kattner, G.: Methane excess production in oxygen-rich polar water and a
model of cellular conditions for this paradox, Polar Sci., 9, 327–334,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2015.05.001, 2015.
de Angelis, M. A. and Lee, C.: Methane production during zooplankton grazing
on marine phytoplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 39, 1298–1308,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1994.39.6.1298, 1994.
Deemer, B. R., Harrison, J. A., Li, S., Beaulieu, J. J., DelSontro, T.,
Barros, N., Bezerra-Neto, J. F., Powers, S. M., dos Santos, M. A., and Vonk,
J. A.: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Reservoir Water Surfaces: A New Global
Synthesis, BioScience, 66, 949–964, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw117, 2016.
DelSontro, T., del Giorgio, P. A., and Prairie, Y. T.: No Longer a Paradox:
The Interaction Between Physical Transport and Biological Processes Explains
the Spatial Distribution of Surface Water Methane Within and Across Lakes,
Ecosystems, 21, 1073–1087, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0205-1, 2018.
del Valle, D. A. and Karl, D. M.: Aerobic production of methane from
dissolved water-column methylphosphonate and sinking particles in the North
Pacific Subtropical Gyre, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 73, 93–105,
https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01714, 2014.
Dlugokencky, E. J.: Trends in Atmospheric Methane. Globally averaged marine
surface monthly mean data, NOAA/ESRL, available at:
https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends_ch4/, last access: 29 July 2019.
Donis, D., Flury, S., Stöckli, A., Spangenberg, J. E., Vachon, D., and
McGinnis, D. F.: Full-scale evaluation of methane production under oxic
conditions in a mesotrophic lake, Nat. Commun., 8, 1661,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01648-4, 2017.
Edvardsen, B. and Paasche, E.: Bloom dynamics and physiology of Prymnesium
and Chrysochromulina, Nato Asi. Ser. G. Ecol. Sci., 41, 193–208,
1998.
Encinas Fernández, J., Peeters, F., and Hofmann, H.: On the methane
paradox: Transport from shallow water zones rather than in situ
methanogenesis is the major source of CH4 in the open surface water of
lakes, JGR: Biogeosciences, 121, 2717–2726, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003586,
2016.
Fox, A., Kwapinski, W., Griffiths, B. S., and Schmalenberger, A.: The role of
sulfur- and phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria in biochar-induced growth
promotion of Lolium perenne, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 90, 78–91,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12374, 2014.
Fox, J. and Weisberg, S.: An R Companion to Applied Regression, Second.,
Sage, Thousand Oaks CA, available at:
http://socserv.socsci.mcmaster.ca/jfox/Books/Companion (last access: 3 June 2018), 2011.
Gasol, J. M. and del Giorgio, P. A.: Using flow cytometry for counting
natural planktonic bacteria and understanding the structure of planktonic
bacterial communities, Sci. Mar., 64, 197–224,
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2000.64n2197, 2000.
Gomez-Garcia, M. R., Davison, M., Blain-Hartnung, M., Grossman, A. R., and
Bhaya, D.: Alternative pathways for phosphonate metabolism in thermophilic
cyanobacteria from microbial mats, ISME J., 5, 141–149,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2010.96, 2011.
Grabarse, W., Mahlert, F., Duin, E. C., Goubeaud, M., Shima, S., Thauer, R.
K., Lamzin, V., and Ermler, U.: On the mechanism of biological methane
formation: structural evidence for conformational changes in methyl-coenzyme
M reductase upon substrate binding, J. Mol. Biol., 309, 315–330,
https://doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.2001.4647, 2001.
Gross, J. and Ligges, U.: nortest: Tests for Normality, available
at: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nortest (last access: 3 June 2018),
2015.
Grossart, H.-P., Frindte, K., Dziallas, C., Eckert, W., and Tang, K. W.:
Microbial methane production in oxygenated water column of an oligotrophic
lake, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 19657–19661, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1110716108, 2011.
Günthel, M., Donis, D., Kirillin, G., Ionescu, D., Bizic, M., McGinnis,
D. F., Grossart, H.-P., and Tang, K. W.: Contribution of oxic methane
production to surface methane emission in lakes and its global importance,
Nat. Commun., 10, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13320-0, 2019.
Hartmann, J. F., Günthel, M., Klintzsch, T., Kirillin, G., Grossart,
H.-P., Keppler, F., and Isenbeck-Schröter, M.: High Spatiotemporal
Dynamics of Methane Production and Emission in Oxic Surface Water, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 54, 1451–1463, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03182, 2020.
Hastie, T. and Tibshirani, R.: Generalized Additive Models, Statist. Sci.,
1, 297–310, https://doi.org/10.1214/ss/1177013604, 1986.
Hastie, T. and Tibshirani, R. J.: Generalized additive models, London,
Chapman and Hall, 335 pp., 1990.
Hofmann, H., Federwisch, L., and Peeters, F.: Wave-induced release of
methane: Littoral zones as source of methane in lakes, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 55, 1990–2000, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.5.1990, 2010.
Jähne, B., Münnich, K. O., Bösinger, R., Dutzi, A., Huber, W.,
and Libner, P.: On the parameters influencing air-water gas exchange, J.
Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 92, 1937–1949, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC092iC02p01937, 1987.
Jarrell, K. F.: Extreme Oxygen Sensitivity in Methanogenic Archaebacteria,
BioScience, 35, 298–302, https://doi.org/10.2307/1309929, 1985.
Karl, D. M. and Tilbrook, B. D.: Production and transport of methane in
oceanic particulate organic matter, Nature, 368, 732–734,
https://doi.org/10.1038/368732a0, 1994.
Karl, D. M., Beversdorf, L., Björkman, K. M., Church, M. J., Martinez,
A., and Delong, E. F.: Aerobic production of methane in the sea, Nat.
Geosci., 1, 473–478, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo234, 2008.
Khatun, S., Iwata, T., Kojima, H., Fukui, M., Aoki, T., Mochizuki, S.,
Naito, A., Kobayashi, A., and Uzawa, R.: Aerobic methane production by
planktonic microbes in lakes, Sci. Total Environ., 696, 133916,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133916, 2019.
Khatun, S., Iwata, T., Kojima, H., Ikarashi, Y., Yamanami, K., Imazawa, D.,
Kenta, T., Shinohara, R., and Saito, H.: Linking Stoichiometric Organic
Carbon–Nitrogen Relationships to planktonic Cyanobacteria and Subsurface
Methane Maximum in Deep Freshwater Lakes, Water, 12, 402,
https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020402, 2020.
Kiene, R. P.: Production and consumption of methane in aquatic systems, in Microbial Production and Consumption of Greenhouse Gases: Methane, Nitrogen Oxides, and Halomethanes, edited by: Rogers, J. E. and Whitman, W. B., American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, USA, 111–146, 1991.
Klintzsch, T., Langer, G., Nehrke, G., Wieland, A., Lenhart, K., and Keppler, F.: Methane production by three widespread marine phytoplankton species: release rates, precursor compounds, and potential relevance for the environment, Biogeosciences, 16, 4129–4144, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4129-2019, 2019.
Lenhart, K., Bunge, M., Ratering, S., Neu, T. R., Schüttmann, I.,
Greule, M., Kammann, C., Schnell, S., Müller, C., Zorn, H., and Keppler,
F.: Evidence for methane production by saprotrophic fungi, Nat. Commun., 3,
1046, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2049, 2012.
Lenhart, K., Althoff, F., Greule, M., and Keppler, F.: Technical Note:
Methionine, a precursor of methane in living plants, Biogeosciences, 12,
1907–1914, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1907-2015, 2015.
Lenhart, K., Klintzsch, T., Langer, G., Nehrke, G., Bunge, M., Schnell, S.,
and Keppler, F.: Evidence for methane production by the marine algae
Emiliania huxleyi, Biogeosciences, 13, 3163–3174,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3163-2016, 2016.
León-Palmero, E., Reche, I., and Morales-Baquero, R.: Atenuación de
luz en embalses del sur-este de la Península Ibérica,
Ingeniería del agua, 23, 65–75, https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2019.10655, 2019.
León-Palmero, E., Morales-Baquero, R., and Reche, I.: Greenhouse gas
fluxes from reservoirs determined by watershed lithology, morphometry, and
anthropogenic pressure, Environ. Res. Lett., 15, 044012,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7467, 2020.
Liu, H., Jing, H., Wong, T. H. C., and Chen, B.: Co-occurrence of
phycocyanin- and phycoerythrin-rich Synechococcus in subtropical estuarine
and coastal waters of Hong Kong, Environ. Microbiol. Rep., 6, 90–99,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12111, 2014.
Marotta, H., Pinho, L., Gudasz, C., Bastviken, D., Tranvik, L. J., and
Enrich-Prast, A.: Greenhouse gas production in low-latitude lake sediments
responds strongly to warming, Nat. Clim. Change, 4, 467–470,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2222, 2014.
Michmerhuizen, C. M., Striegl, R. G., and McDonald, M. E.: Potential methane
emission from north-temperate lakes following ice melt, Limnol. Oceanogr.,
41, 985–991, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1996.41.5.0985, 1996.
Mitsch, W. J., Bernal, B., Nahlik, A. M., Mander, Ü., Zhang, L.,
Anderson, C. J., Jørgensen, S. E., and Brix, H.: Wetlands, carbon, and
climate change, Landsc. Ecol., 28, 583–597,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-012-9758-8, 2012.
Morris, D. P. and Lewis, W. M.: Phytoplankton nutrient limitation in
Colorado mountain lakes, Freshw. Biol., 20, 315–327,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1988.tb00457.x, 1988.
Mortimer, C. H.: The oxygen content of air-saturated fresh waters, and aids
in calculating percentage saturation, Schweizerbart Science Publishers,
Stuttgart, Germany, available at:
http://www.schweizerbart.de//publications/detail/isbn/9783510520060/Mitteilungen_IVL_Nr_6 (last access: 25 November 2017), 1956.
Murase, J. and Sugimoto, A.: Inhibitory effect of light on methane oxidation
in the pelagic water column of a mesotrophic lake (Lake Biwa, Japan),
Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 1339–1343,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.4.1339, 2005.
Murase, J., Sakai, Y., Sugimoto, A., Okubo, K., and Sakamoto, M.: Sources of
dissolved methane in Lake Biwa, Limnology, 4, 91–99,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-003-0095-0, 2003.
Murphy, J. and Riley, J. P.: A modified single solution method for the
determination of phosphate in natural waters, Anal. Chim. Acta,
27, 31–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88444-5, 1962.
Musenze, R. S., Grinham, A., Werner, U., Gale, D., Sturm, K., Udy, J., and
Yuan, Z.: Assessing the spatial and temporal variability of diffusive
methane and nitrous oxide emissions from subtropical freshwater reservoirs,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 14499–14507, https://doi.org/10.1021/es505324h, 2014.
Naqvi, S. W. A., Lam, P., Narvenkar, G., Sarkar, A., Naik, H., Pratihary,
A., Shenoy, D. M., Gauns, M., Kurian, S., Damare, S., Duret, M., Lavik, G.,
and Kuypers, M. M. M.: Methane stimulates massive nitrogen loss from
freshwater reservoirs in India, Nat. Commun., 9, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03607-z, 2018.
Odum, H. T.: Primary Production in Flowing Waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 1,
102–117, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1956.1.2.0102, 1956.
Okuku, E. O., Bouillon, S., Tole, M., and Borges, A. V.: Diffusive emissions
of methane and nitrous oxide from a cascade of tropical hydropower
reservoirs in Kenya, Lakes Reserv. Res. Manag., 24,
127–135, https://doi.org/10.1111/lre.12264, 2019.
Oswald, K., Milucka, J., Brand, A., Littmann, S., Wehrli, B., Kuypers, M. M. M., and Schubert, C. J.: Light-Dependent Aerobic Methane Oxidation Reduces Methane Emissions from Seasonally Stratified Lakes, PLoS One, 10, e0132574–e0132574, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132574, 2015.
Oswald, K., Jegge, C., Tischer, J., Berg, J., Brand, A., Miracle, M. R.,
Soria, X., Vicente, E., Lehmann, M. F., Zopfi, J., and Schubert, C. J.:
Methanotrophy under Versatile Conditions in the Water Column of the
Ferruginous Meromictic Lake La Cruz (Spain), Front. Microbiol., 7, 1762 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01762, 2016.
Owens, N. J. P., Law, C. S., Mantoura, R. F. C., Burkill, P. H., and
Llewellyn, C. A.: Methane flux to the atmosphere from the Arabian Sea,
Nature, 354, 293–296, https://doi.org/10.1038/354293a0, 1991.
Peeters, F., Wüest, A., Piepke, G., and Imboden, D. M.: Horizontal mixing
in lakes, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 101, 18361–18375,
https://doi.org/10.1029/96JC01145, 1996.
Peeters, F., Fernandez Encinas, J., and Hofmann, H.: Sediment fluxes rather
than oxic methanogenesis explain diffusive CH4 emissions from lakes and
reservoirs, Sci. Rep., 9, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36530-w, 2019.
R Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R
Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, available
at: http://www.R-project.org/, (last access: 20 February 2020) 2014.
Rasilo, T., Prairie, Y. T., and del Giorgio, P. A.: Large-scale patterns in
summer diffusive CH4 fluxes across boreal lakes, and contribution to
diffusive C emissions, Glob. Change Biol., 21, 1124–1139,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12741, 2015.
Repeta, D. J., Ferrón, S., Sosa, O. A., Johnson, C. G., Repeta, L. D.,
Acker, M., DeLong, E. F., and Karl, D. M.: Marine methane paradox explained
by bacterial degradation of dissolved organic matter, Nat. Geosci., 9,
884–887, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2837, 2016.
Reynolds, C. S.: Phytoplankton periodicity: the interactions of form,
function and environmental variability, Freshw. Biol., 14, 111–142,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1984.tb00027.x, 1984.
Roland, F. A. E., Darchambeau, F., Morana, C., and Borges, A. V.: Nitrous
oxide and methane seasonal variability in the epilimnion of a large tropical
meromictic lake (Lake Kivu, East-Africa), Aquat. Sci., 79, 209–218,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-016-0491-2, 2017.
Rudd, J. W. M. and Hamilton, R. D.: Methane cycling in a eutrophic shield
lake and its effects on whole lake metabolism, Limnol. Oceanogr., 23,
337–348, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1978.23.2.0337, 1978.
Sabo, E., Roy, D., Hamilton, P. B., Hehanussa, P. E., McNeely, R., and
Haffner, G. D.: The plankton community of Lake Matano: factors regulating
plankton composition and relative abundance in an ancient, tropical lake of
Indonesia, in: Patterns and Processes of Speciation in Ancient Lakes,
Springer, 225–235, 2008.
Schlesinger, W. H. and Bernhardt, E. S.: Biogeochemistry: An Analysis of
Global Change, Academic Press, 689 pp., 2013.
Schmale, O., Wäge, J., Mohrholz, V., Wasmund, N., Gräwe, U., Rehder,
G., Labrenz, M., and Loick-Wilde, N.: The contribution of zooplankton to
methane supersaturation in the oxygenated upper waters of the central Baltic
Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 63, 412–430, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10640, 2018.
Schmidt, U. and Conrad, R.: Hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane dynamics
in Lake Constance, Limnol. Oceanogr., 38, 1214–1226,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.6.1214, 1993.
Schubert, C. J. and Wehrli, B.: Contribution of Methane Formation and
Methane Oxidation to Methane Emission from Freshwater Systems, in: Biogenesis
of Hydrocarbons, edited by: Stams, A. J. M. and Sousa, D., Springer
International Publishing, Cham., 1–31, 2018.
Schulz, M., Faber, E., Hollerbach, A., Schröder, H. G., and Güde, H.:
The methane cycle in the epilimnion of Lake Constance, Archiv
Hydrobiol., 157–176, https://doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/151/2001/157, 2001.
Schwarz, J. I. K., Eckert, W., and Conrad, R.: Response of the methanogenic
microbial community of a profundal lake sediment (Lake Kinneret, Israel) to
algal deposition, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 113–121,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.1.0113, 2008.
Scranton, M. I. and Brewer, P. G.: Occurrence of methane in the near-surface
waters of the western subtropical North-Atlantic, Deep-Sea Res., 24,
127–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6291(77)90548-3, 1977.
Segers, R.: Methane production and methane consumption: a review of
processes underlying wetland methane fluxes, Biogeochemistry, 41, 23–51,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005929032764, 1998.
Sepulveda-Jauregui, A., Hoyos-Santillan, J., Martinez-Cruz, K., Walter
Anthony, K. M., Casper, P., Belmonte-Izquierdo, Y., and Thalasso, F.:
Eutrophication exacerbates the impact of climate warming on lake methane
emission, Sci. Total Environ., 636, 411–419,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.283, 2018.
Seweryn, P., Van, L. B., Kjeldgaard, M., Russo, C. J., Passmore, L. A.,
Hove-Jensen, B., Jochimsen, B., and Brodersen, D. E.: Structural insights
into the bacterial carbon-phosphorus lyase machinery, Nature, 525,
68–72, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14683, 2015.
Shaw, S. L., Chisholm, S. W., and Prinn, R. G.: Isoprene production by
Prochlorococcus, a marine cyanobacterium, and other phytoplankton, Mar.
Chem., 80, 227–245, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(02)00101-9, 2003.
Sierra, A., Jiménez-López, D., Ortega, T., Ponce, R., Bellanco, M.
J., Sánchez-Leal, R., Gómez-Parra, A., and Forja, J.: Spatial and
seasonal variability of CH4 in the eastern Gulf of Cadiz (SW Iberian
Peninsula), Sci. Total Environ., 590/591, 695–707,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.030, 2017.
Staehr, P. A., Bade, D., Bogert, M. C. V. de, Koch, G. R., Williamson, C.,
Hanson, P., Cole, J. J., and Kratz, T.: Lake metabolism and the diel oxygen
technique: State of the science, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Method., 8, 628–644,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2010.8.0628, 2010.
Steinke, M., Hodapp, B., Subhan, R., Bell, T. G., and Martin-Creuzburg, D.:
Flux of the biogenic volatiles isoprene and dimethyl sulfide from an
oligotrophic lake, Sci. Rep., 8, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18923-5,
2018.
Tang, K. W., McGinnis, D. F., Frindte, K., Brüchert, V., and Grossart,
H.-P.: Paradox reconsidered: Methane oversaturation in well-oxygenated lake
waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 59, 275–284, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2014.59.1.0275,
2014.
Tang, K. W., McGinnis, D. F., Ionescu, D., and Grossart, H.-P.: Methane
Production in Oxic Lake Waters Potentially Increases Aquatic Methane Flux to
Air, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 3, 227–233,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00150, 2016.
Teikari, J. E., Fewer, D. P., Shrestha, R., Hou, S., Leikoski, N.,
Mäkelä, M., Simojoki, A., Hess, W. R., and Sivonen, K.: Strains of
the toxic and bloom-forming Nodularia spumigena (cyanobacteria) can degrade
methylphosphonate and release methane, ISME J., 12, 1619–1630,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0056-6, 2018.
Thalasso, F., Sepulveda-Jauregui, A., Gandois, L., Martinez-Cruz, K.,
Gerardo-Nieto, O., Astorga-España, M. S., Teisserenc, R., Lavergne, C.,
Tananaev, N., Barret, M., and Cabrol, L.: Sub-oxycline methane oxidation can
fully uptake CH4 produced in sediments: case study of a lake in
Siberia, Sci. Rep., 10, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60394-8, 2020.
Thanh-Duc, N., Crill, P., and Bastviken, D.: Implications of temperature and
sediment characteristics on methane formation and oxidation in lake
sediments, Biogeochemistry, 100, 185–196, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9415-8,
2010.
Tilbrook, B. D. and Karl, D. M.: Methane sources, distributions and sinks
from California coastal waters to the oligotrophic North Pacific gyre, Mar.
Chem., 49, 51–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(94)00058-L, 1995.
Wang, Q., Dore, J. E., and McDermott, T. R.: Methylphosphonate metabolism by
Pseudomonas sp. populations contributes to the methane oversaturation
paradox in an oxic freshwater lake, Environ. Microbiol., 19, 2366–2378,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13747, 2017.
West, W. E., Coloso, J. J., and Jones, S. E.: Effects of algal and
terrestrial carbon on methane production rates and methanogen community
structure in a temperate lake sediment, Freshwater Biol., 57, 949–955,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02755.x, 2012.
West, W. E., McCarthy, S. M., and Jones, S. E.: Phytoplankton lipid content
influences freshwater lake methanogenesis, Freshwater Biol., 60,
2261–2269, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12652, 2015.
West, W. E., Creamer, K. P., and Jones, S. E.: Productivity and depth
regulate lake contributions to atmospheric methane: Lake productivity fuels
methane emissions, Limnol. Oceanogr., 61, S51–S61,
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10247, 2016.
White, A. K. and Metcalf, W. W.: Microbial Metabolism of Reduced Phosphorus
Compounds, Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 61, 379–400,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093357, 2007.
Wiesenburg, D. A. and Guinasso, N. L.: Equilibrium solubilities of methane,
carbon monoxide, and hydrogen in water and sea water, J. Chem. Eng. Data,
24, 356–360, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60083a006, 1979.
Willén, E.: Phytoplankton and reversed Eutrophication in Lake
Mälaren, Central Sweden, 1965–1983, Br. Phycol. J., 22, 193–208,
https://doi.org/10.1080/00071618700650241, 1987.
Wood, S. N.: Generalized additive models: an introduction with R, Chapman
and Hall/CRC, New York, USA, 416 pp., 2006.
Wood, S. N.: Fast stable restricted maximum likelihood and marginal
likelihood estimation of semiparametric generalized linear models, J. R.
Stat. Soc. Ser. B, 73, 3–36,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9868.2010.00749.x, 2011.
Yamamoto, S., Alcauskas, J. B., and Crozier, T. E.: Solubility of methane in
distilled water and seawater, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 21, 78–80,
https://doi.org/10.1021/je60068a029, 1976.
Yao, M., Henny, C., and Maresca, J. A.: Freshwater bacteria release methane
as a byproduct of phosphorus acquisition, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 82,
6994–7003, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02399-16, 2016a.
Yao, M., Elling, F. J., Jones, C., Nomosatryo, S., Long, C. P., Crowe, S.
A., Antoniewicz, M. R., Hinrichs, K.-U., and Maresca, J. A.: Heterotrophic
bacteria from an extremely phosphate-poor lake have conditionally reduced
phosphorus demand and utilize diverse sources of phosphorus, Environ.
Microbiol., 18, 656–667, https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13063, 2016b.
Yoch, D. C.: Dimethylsulfoniopropionate: its sources, role in the marine
food web, and biological degradation to dimethylsulfide, Appl. Environ.
Microbiol., 68, 5804–5815, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.12.5804-5815.2002, 2002.
Yvon-Durocher, G., Allen, A. P., Bastviken, D., Conrad, R., Gudasz, C.,
St-Pierre, A., Thanh-Duc, N., and del Giorgio, P. A.: Methane fluxes show
consistent temperature dependence across microbial to ecosystem scales,
Nature, 507, 488–491, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13164, 2014.
Zindler, C., Bracher, A., Marandino, C. A., Taylor, B., Torrecilla, E.,
Kock, A., and Bange, H. W.: Sulphur compounds, methane, and phytoplankton:
interactions along a north–south transit in the western Pacific Ocean,
Biogeosciences, 10, 3297–3311, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3297-2013, 2013.
Download
The requested paper has a corresponding corrigendum published. Please read the corrigendum first before downloading the article.
- Article
(4667 KB) - Full-text XML
- Corrigendum
-
Supplement
(8918 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
Short summary
CH4 emissions from reservoirs are responsible for the majority of the climatic forcing of these ecosystems. The origin of the recurrent CH4 supersaturation in oxic waters is still controversial. We found that the dissolved CH4 concentration varied by up to 4 orders of magnitude in the water column of 12 reservoirs and was consistently supersaturated. Our findings suggest that photosynthetic picoeukaryotes can play a significant role in determining CH4 concentration in oxic waters.
CH4 emissions from reservoirs are responsible for the majority of the climatic forcing of these...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint