Articles | Volume 19, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-585-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-585-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Feb 2022
Research article |
| 02 Feb 2022
| 02 Feb 2022
Distribution of coccoliths in surface sediments across the Drake Passage and calcification of Emiliania huxleyi morphotypes
Nele Manon Vollmar
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 33 04 40, 28334 Bremen, Germany
Karl-Heinz Baumann
Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 33 04 40, 28334 Bremen, Germany
Mariem Saavedra-Pellitero
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Iván Hernández-Almeida
Geological Institute, Department of Earth Science, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
Related authors
Mariem Saavedra-Pellitero, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Nuria Bachiller-Jareno, Harold Lovell, Nele Manon Vollmar, and Elisa Malinverno
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2801, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2801, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this manuscript we combine micropalaeontology and remote-sensing. We compare the calcium carbonate produced by tiny marine algae called coccolithophores to satellite-derived particulate organic carbon in the Southern Ocean. They show good agreement north of the polar front, but hugely differ south of it. We argue that those highly reflective values could be due to small opal particles and we highlight the need to improve satellite algorithms in this unexplored part of the ocean.
Mariem Saavedra-Pellitero, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Miguel Ángel Fuertes, Hartmut Schulz, Yann Marcon, Nele Manon Vollmar, José-Abel Flores, and Frank Lamy
Biogeosciences, 16, 3679–3702, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3679-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3679-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Open ocean phytoplankton include coccolithophore algae, a key element in carbon cycle regulation with important feedbacks to the climate system. We document latitudinal variability in both coccolithophore assemblage and the mass variation in one particular species, Emiliania huxleyi, for a transect across the Drake Passage (in the Southern Ocean). Coccolithophore abundance, diversity and maximum depth habitat decrease southwards, coinciding with changes in the predominant E. huxleyi morphotypes.
Yuji Kato, Iván Hernández-Almeida, and Lara F. Pérez
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 93–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-93-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-93-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we propose an age framework for an interval of 4.8–3.1 million years ago, using fossil records of marine plankton such as diatoms and radiolarians derived from a sediment core collected in the Southern Ocean. Specifically, a total of 19 bioevents (i.e., extinction/appearance events of selected age marker species) were detected, and their precise ages were calculated. The updated biostratigraphy will contribute to future paleoceanographic work in the Southern Ocean.
Heather M. Stoll, Leopoldo D. Pena, Ivan Hernandez-Almeida, José Guitián, Thomas Tanner, and Heiko Pälike
Clim. Past, 20, 25–36, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-25-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-25-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Oligocene and early Miocene periods featured dynamic glacial cycles on Antarctica. In this paper, we use Sr isotopes in marine carbonate sediments to document a change in the location and intensity of continental weathering during short periods of very intense Antarctic glaciation. Potentially, the weathering intensity of old continental rocks on Antarctica was reduced during glaciation. We also show improved age models for correlation of Southern Ocean and North Atlantic sediments.
Mariem Saavedra-Pellitero, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Nuria Bachiller-Jareno, Harold Lovell, Nele Manon Vollmar, and Elisa Malinverno
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2801, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2801, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this manuscript we combine micropalaeontology and remote-sensing. We compare the calcium carbonate produced by tiny marine algae called coccolithophores to satellite-derived particulate organic carbon in the Southern Ocean. They show good agreement north of the polar front, but hugely differ south of it. We argue that those highly reflective values could be due to small opal particles and we highlight the need to improve satellite algorithms in this unexplored part of the ocean.
Amanda Gerotto, Hongrui Zhang, Renata Hanae Nagai, Heather M. Stoll, Rubens César Lopes Figueira, Chuanlian Liu, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 20, 1725–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a laboratory dissolution experiment and surface sediment samples from the South China Sea, we proposed that the thickness shape (ks) factor of fossil coccoliths together with the normalized ks variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of ks (σ) over the mean ks (σ/ks), is a robust and novel proxy to reconstruct past changes in deep ocean carbon chemistry.
Paula Diz, Víctor González-Guitián, Rita González-Villanueva, Aida Ovejero, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 697–722, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-697-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-697-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Benthic foraminifera are key components of the ocean benthos and marine sediments. Determining their geographic distribution is highly relevant for improving our understanding of the recent and past ocean benthic ecosystem and establishing adequate conservation strategies. Here, we contribute to this knowledge by generating an open-access database of previously documented quantitative data of benthic foraminifera species from surface sediments of the eastern Pacific (BENFEP).
Pauline Cornuault, Thomas Westerhold, Heiko Pälike, Torsten Bickert, Karl-Heinz Baumann, and Michal Kucera
Biogeosciences, 20, 597–618, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We generated high-resolution records of carbonate accumulation rate from the Miocene to the Quaternary in the tropical Atlantic Ocean to characterize the variability in pelagic carbonate production during warm climates. It follows orbital cycles, responding to local changes in tropical conditions, as well as to long-term shifts in climate and ocean chemistry. These changes were sufficiently large to play a role in the carbon cycle and global climate evolution.
Jessica G. M. Crumpton-Banks, Thomas Tanner, Ivan Hernández Almeida, James W. B. Rae, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 19, 5633–5644, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5633-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5633-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Past ocean carbon is reconstructed using proxies, but it is unknown whether preparing ocean sediment for one proxy might damage the data given by another. We have tested whether the extraction of an organic proxy archive from sediment samples impacts the geochemistry of tiny shells also within the sediment. We find no difference in shell geochemistry between samples which come from treated and untreated sediment. This will help us to maximize scientific return from valuable sediment samples.
José Guitián, Miguel Ángel Fuertes, José-Abel Flores, Iván Hernández-Almeida, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 19, 5007–5019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of environmental conditions on the degree of calcification of marine phytoplankton remains unclear. This study implements a new microscopic approach to quantify the calcification of ancient coccolithophores, using North Atlantic sediments. Results show significant differences in the thickness and shape factor of coccoliths for samples with minimum dissolution, providing the first evaluation of phytoplankton physiology adaptation to million-year-scale variable environmental conditions.
Gerhard Fischer, Oscar E. Romero, Johannes Karstensen, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Nasrollah Moradi, Morten Iversen, Götz Ruhland, Marco Klann, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 18, 6479–6500, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6479-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6479-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Low-oxygen eddies in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic can form an oasis for phytoplankton growth. Here we report on particle flux dynamics at the oligotrophic Cape Verde Ocean Observatory. We observed consistent flux patterns during the passages of low-oxygen eddies. We found distinct flux peaks in late winter, clearly exceeding background fluxes. Our findings suggest that the low-oxygen eddies sequester higher organic carbon than expected for oligotrophic settings.
Catarina Cavaleiro, Antje H. L. Voelker, Heather Stoll, Karl-Heinz Baumann, and Michal Kucera
Clim. Past, 16, 2017–2037, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2017-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2017-2020, 2020
Oscar E. Romero, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Karin A. F. Zonneveld, Barbara Donner, Jens Hefter, Bambaye Hamady, Vera Pospelova, and Gerhard Fischer
Biogeosciences, 17, 187–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-187-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-187-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring of the multiannual evolution of populations representing different trophic levels allows for obtaining insights into the impact of climate variability in marine coastal upwelling ecosystems. By using a multiyear, continuous (1,900 d) sediment trap record, we assess the dynamics and fluxes of calcareous, organic and siliceous microorganisms off Mauritania (NW Africa). The experiment allowed for the recognition of a general sequence of seasonal variations of the main populations.
Mariem Saavedra-Pellitero, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Miguel Ángel Fuertes, Hartmut Schulz, Yann Marcon, Nele Manon Vollmar, José-Abel Flores, and Frank Lamy
Biogeosciences, 16, 3679–3702, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3679-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3679-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Open ocean phytoplankton include coccolithophore algae, a key element in carbon cycle regulation with important feedbacks to the climate system. We document latitudinal variability in both coccolithophore assemblage and the mass variation in one particular species, Emiliania huxleyi, for a transect across the Drake Passage (in the Southern Ocean). Coccolithophore abundance, diversity and maximum depth habitat decrease southwards, coinciding with changes in the predominant E. huxleyi morphotypes.
Catarina V. Guerreiro, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Geert-Jan A. Brummer, Gerhard Fischer, Laura F. Korte, Ute Merkel, Carolina Sá, Henko de Stigter, and Jan-Berend W. Stuut
Biogeosciences, 14, 4577–4599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4577-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4577-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Our study provides insights into the factors governing the spatio-temporal variability of coccolithophores in the equatorial North Atlantic and illustrates how this supposedly oligotrophic and stable open-ocean region actually reveals significant ecological variability. We provide evidence for Saharan dust and the Amazon River acting as fertilizers for phytoplankton and highlight the the importance of the thermocline depth for coccolithophore productivity in the lower photic zone.
Gerhard Fischer, Johannes Karstensen, Oscar Romero, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Barbara Donner, Jens Hefter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Morten Iversen, Björn Fiedler, Ivanice Monteiro, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 13, 3203–3223, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3203-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3203-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Particle fluxes at the Cape Verde Ocean Observatory in the eastern tropical North Atlantic for the period December 2009 until May 2011 are discussed based on deep sediment trap time-series data collected at 1290 and 3439 m water depths. The typically open-ocean flux pattern with weak seasonality is modified by the appearance of a highly productive and low oxygen eddy in winter 2010. The eddy passage was accompanied by high biogenic and lithogenic fluxes, lasting from December 2009 to May 2010.
B. Ausín, I. Hernández-Almeida, J.-A. Flores, F.-J. Sierro, M. Grosjean, G. Francés, and B. Alonso
Clim. Past, 11, 1635–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1635-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1635-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Coccolithophore distribution in 88 surface sediment samples in the Atlantic Ocean and western Mediterranean was mainly influenced by salinity at 10m depth. A quantitative coccolithophore-based transfer function was developed and applied to a fossil sediment core to estimate sea surface salinity (SSS). The quality of this function and the reliability of the SSS reconstruction were assessed by statistical analyses and discussed. Several centennial SSS changes are identified for the last 15.5 ka.
I. Hernández-Almeida, F.-J. Sierro, I. Cacho, and J.-A. Flores
Clim. Past, 11, 687–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-687-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-687-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This manuscript presents new Mg/Ca and previously published δ18O measurements of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral for MIS 31-19, from a sediment core from the subpolar North Atlantic. The mechanism proposed here involves northward subsurface transport of warm and salty subtropical waters during periods of weaker AMOC, leading to ice-sheet instability and IRD discharge. This is the first time that these rapid climate oscillations are described for the early Pleistocene.
M. T. Horigome, P. Ziveri, M. Grelaud, K.-H. Baumann, G. Marino, and P. G. Mortyn
Biogeosciences, 11, 2295–2308, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2295-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2295-2014, 2014
C. Berger, K. J. S. Meier, H. Kinkel, and K.-H. Baumann
Biogeosciences, 11, 929–944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-929-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-929-2014, 2014
Karl-Heinz Baumann and Babette Boeckel
J. Micropalaeontol., 32, 123–133, https://doi.org/10.1144/jmpaleo2011-007, https://doi.org/10.1144/jmpaleo2011-007, 2013
Related subject area
Paleobiogeoscience: Marine Record
Coupled otolith and foraminifera oxygen and carbon stable isotopes evidence paleoceanographic changes and fish metabolic responses
Ideas and perspectives: Human impacts alter the marine fossil record
Were early Archean carbonate factories major carbon sinks on the juvenile Earth?
Origin and role of non-skeletal carbonate in coralligenous build-ups: new geobiological perspectives in biomineralization processes
Serpulid microbialitic bioherms from the upper Sarmatian (Middle Miocene) of the central Paratethys Sea (NW Hungary) – witnesses of a microbial sea
Massive corals record deforestation in Malaysian Borneo through sediments in river discharge
Calcification response of planktic foraminifera to environmental change in the western Mediterranean Sea during the industrial era
Nature and origin of variations in pelagic carbonate production in the tropical ocean since the mid-Miocene (ODP Site 927)
Variation in calcification of Reticulofenestra coccoliths over the Oligocene–Early Miocene
The influence of near-surface sediment hydrothermalism on the TEX86 tetraether-lipid-based proxy and a new correction for ocean bottom lipid overprinting
Testing the effect of bioturbation and species abundance upon discrete-depth individual foraminifera analysis
Test-size evolution of the planktonic foraminifer Globorotalia menardii in the eastern tropical Atlantic since the Late Miocene
Vertical distribution of planktic foraminifera through an oxygen minimum zone: how assemblages and test morphology reflect oxygen concentrations
Reconstructing past variations in environmental conditions and paleoproductivity over the last ∼ 8000 years off north-central Chile (30° S)
A 15-million-year-long record of phenotypic evolution in the heavily calcified coccolithophore Helicosphaera and its biogeochemical implications
Shell chemistry of the boreal Campanian bivalve Rastellum diluvianum (Linnaeus, 1767) reveals temperature seasonality, growth rates and life cycle of an extinct Cretaceous oyster
Southern California margin benthic foraminiferal assemblages record recent centennial-scale changes in oxygen minimum zone
Baseline for ostracod-based northwestern Pacific and Indo-Pacific shallow-marine paleoenvironmental reconstructions: ecological modeling of species distributions
Neogene Caribbean elasmobranchs: diversity, paleoecology and paleoenvironmental significance of the Cocinetas Basin assemblage (Guajira Peninsula, Colombia)
Coastal primary productivity changes over the last millennium: a case study from the Skagerrak (North Sea)
A 1500-year multiproxy record of coastal hypoxia from the northern Baltic Sea indicates unprecedented deoxygenation over the 20th century
Technical note: An empirical method for absolute calibration of coccolith thickness
Reconstructing Holocene temperature and salinity variations in the western Baltic Sea region: a multi-proxy comparison from the Little Belt (IODP Expedition 347, Site M0059)
The oxic degradation of sedimentary organic matter 1400 Ma constrains atmospheric oxygen levels
Geochemical and microstructural characterisation of two species of cool-water bivalves (Fulvia tenuicostata and Soletellina biradiata) from Western Australia
Ecological response to collapse of the biological pump following the mass extinction at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
Quantifying the Cenozoic marine diatom deposition history: links to the C and Si cycles
Anthropogenically induced environmental changes in the northeastern Adriatic Sea in the last 500 years (Panzano Bay, Gulf of Trieste)
Palaeohydrological changes over the last 50 ky in the central Gulf of Cadiz: complex forcing mechanisms mixing multi-scale processes
Dinocyst assemblage constraints on oceanographic and atmospheric processes in the eastern equatorial Atlantic over the last 44 kyr
Sedimentary response to sea ice and atmospheric variability over the instrumental period off Adélie Land, East Antarctica
Equatorward phytoplankton migration during a cold spell within the Late Cretaceous super-greenhouse
Upwellings mitigated Plio-Pleistocene heat stress for reef corals on the Florida platform (USA)
Millennial changes in North Atlantic oxygen concentrations
Vanishing coccolith vital effects with alleviated carbon limitation
Late Pleistocene glacial–interglacial shell-size–isotope variability in planktonic foraminifera as a function of local hydrography
Coral records of reef-water pH across the central Great Barrier Reef, Australia: assessing the influence of river runoff on inshore reefs
Records of past mid-depth ventilation: Cretaceous ocean anoxic event 2 vs. Recent oxygen minimum zones
Organomineral nanocomposite carbon burial during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2
Non-invasive imaging methods applied to neo- and paleo-ontological cephalopod research
Icehouse–greenhouse variations in marine denitrification
Changes in calcification of coccoliths under stable atmospheric CO2
Southern Hemisphere imprint for Indo-Asian summer monsoons during the last glacial period as revealed by Arabian Sea productivity records
The calcareous nannofossil Prinsiosphaera achieved rock-forming abundances in the latest Triassic of western Tethys: consequences for the δ13C of bulk carbonate
The Little Ice Age: evidence from a sediment record in Gullmar Fjord, Swedish west coast
Nitrogen isotopes in bulk marine sediment: linking seafloor observations with subseafloor records
Quantitative reconstruction of sea-surface conditions over the last 150 yr in the Beaufort Sea based on dinoflagellate cyst assemblages: the role of large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns
Spatial linkages between coral proxies of terrestrial runoff across a large embayment in Madagascar
Pteropods from the Caribbean Sea: variations in calcification as an indicator of past ocean carbonate saturation
Sedimentary organic matter and carbonate variations in the Chukchi Borderland in association with ice sheet and ocean-atmosphere dynamics over the last 155 kyr
Konstantina Agiadi, Iuliana Vasiliev, Geanina Butiseacă, George Kontakiotis, Danae Thivaiou, Evangelia Besiou, Stergios Zarkogiannis, Efterpi Koskeridou, Assimina Antonarakou, and Andreas Mulch
Biogeosciences, 21, 3869–3881, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3869-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Seven million years ago, the marine gateway connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean started to close, and, as a result, water circulation ceased. To find out how this phenomenon affected the fish living in the Mediterranean Sea, we examined the changes in the isotopic composition of otoliths of two common fish species. Although the species living at the surface fared pretty well, the bottom-water fish starved and eventually became extinct in the Mediterranean.
Rafał Nawrot, Martin Zuschin, Adam Tomašových, Michał Kowalewski, and Daniele Scarponi
Biogeosciences, 21, 2177–2188, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The youngest fossil record is a crucial source of data on the history of marine ecosystems and their long-term alteration by humans. However, human activities that reshape ecosystems also alter sedimentary and biological processes that control the formation of the geological archives recording those impacts. Thus, humans have been transforming the marine fossil record in ways that affect our ability to reconstruct past ecological and climate dynamics.
Wanli Xiang, Jan-Peter Duda, Andreas Pack, Mark van Zuilen, and Joachim Reitner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1007, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1007, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the formation of early Archean (~3.5–3.4 Ga) carbonates in the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia, demonstrating the presence of an oceanic crust-, an organo-carbonate-, and a microbial carbonate factory. Notably, (a)biotic organic matter as well as hydrothermal fluids were centrally involved in carbonate precipitation. Since carbonates are widespread in the Archean, they may have constituted major carbon sinks that modulated early Earth’s carbon cycle and, hence, climate system.
Mara Cipriani, Carmine Apollaro, Daniela Basso, Pietro Bazzicalupo, Marco Bertolino, Valentina Alice Bracchi, Fabio Bruno, Gabriele Costa, Rocco Dominici, Alessandro Gallo, Maurizio Muzzupappa, Antonietta Rosso, Rossana Sanfilippo, Francesco Sciuto, Giovanni Vespasiano, and Adriano Guido
Biogeosciences, 21, 49–72, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-49-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-49-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Who constructs the build-ups of the Mediterranean Sea? What is the role of skeletal and soft-bodied organisms in these bioconstructions? Do bacteria play a role in their formation? In this research, for the first time, the coralligenous of the Mediterranean shelf is studied from a geobiological point of view with an interdisciplinary biological and geological approach, highlighting important biotic relationships that can be used in interpreting the fossil build-up systems.
Mathias Harzhauser, Oleg Mandic, and Werner E. Piller
Biogeosciences, 20, 4775–4794, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4775-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4775-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Bowl-shaped spirorbid microbialite bioherms formed during the late Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) in the central Paratethys Sea under a warm, arid climate. The microbialites and the surrounding sediment document a predominance of microbial activity in the shallow marine environments of the sea at that time. Modern microbialites are not analogues for these unique structures, which reflect a series of growth stages with an initial “start-up stage”, massive “keep-up stage” and termination of growth.
Walid Naciri, Arnoud Boom, Matthew Payne, Nicola Browne, Noreen J. Evans, Philip Holdship, Kai Rankenburg, Ramasamy Nagarajan, Bradley J. McDonald, Jennifer McIlwain, and Jens Zinke
Biogeosciences, 20, 1587–1604, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1587-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1587-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we tested the ability of massive boulder-like corals to act as archives of land use in Malaysian Borneo to palliate the lack of accurate instrumental data on deforestation before the 1980s. We used mass spectrometry to measure trace element ratios in coral cores to use as a proxy for sediment in river discharge. Results showed an extremely similar increase between our proxy and the river discharge instrumental record, demonstrating the use of these corals as reliable archives.
Thibauld M. Béjard, Andrés S. Rigual-Hernández, José A. Flores, Javier P. Tarruella, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Isabel Cacho, Neghar Haghipour, Aidan Hunter, and Francisco J. Sierro
Biogeosciences, 20, 1505–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean Sea is undergoing a rapid and unprecedented environmental change. Planktic foraminifera calcification is affected on different timescales. On seasonal and interannual scales, calcification trends differ according to the species and are linked mainly to sea surface temperatures and carbonate system parameters, while comparison with pre/post-industrial assemblages shows that all three species have reduced their calcification between 10 % to 35 % according to the species.
Pauline Cornuault, Thomas Westerhold, Heiko Pälike, Torsten Bickert, Karl-Heinz Baumann, and Michal Kucera
Biogeosciences, 20, 597–618, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We generated high-resolution records of carbonate accumulation rate from the Miocene to the Quaternary in the tropical Atlantic Ocean to characterize the variability in pelagic carbonate production during warm climates. It follows orbital cycles, responding to local changes in tropical conditions, as well as to long-term shifts in climate and ocean chemistry. These changes were sufficiently large to play a role in the carbon cycle and global climate evolution.
José Guitián, Miguel Ángel Fuertes, José-Abel Flores, Iván Hernández-Almeida, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 19, 5007–5019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of environmental conditions on the degree of calcification of marine phytoplankton remains unclear. This study implements a new microscopic approach to quantify the calcification of ancient coccolithophores, using North Atlantic sediments. Results show significant differences in the thickness and shape factor of coccoliths for samples with minimum dissolution, providing the first evaluation of phytoplankton physiology adaptation to million-year-scale variable environmental conditions.
Jeremy N. Bentley, Gregory T. Ventura, Clifford C. Walters, Stefan M. Sievert, and Jeffrey S. Seewald
Biogeosciences, 19, 4459–4477, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4459-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4459-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate the TEX86 (TetraEther indeX of 86 carbon atoms) paleoclimate proxy can become heavily impacted by the ocean floor archaeal community. The impact results from source inputs, their diagenetic and catagenetic alteration, and further overprint by the additions of lipids from the ocean floor sedimentary archaeal community. We then present a method to correct the overprints by using IPLs (intact polar lipids) extracted from both water column and subsurface archaeal communities.
Bryan C. Lougheed and Brett Metcalfe
Biogeosciences, 19, 1195–1209, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements on sea-dwelling shelled organisms called foraminifera retrieved from deep-sea sediment cores have been used to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) variation. To evaluate the method, we use a computer model to simulate millions of single foraminifera and how they become mixed in the sediment after being deposited on the seafloor. We compare the SST inferred from the single foraminifera in the sediment core to the true SST in the water, thus quantifying method uncertainties.
Thore Friesenhagen
Biogeosciences, 19, 777–805, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-777-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-777-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Size measurements of the planktonic foraminifer Globorotalia menardii and related forms are used to investigate the shell-size evolution for the last 8 million years in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean. Long-term changes in the shell size coincide with major climatic, palaeogeographic and palaeoceanographic changes and suggest the occurrence of a new G. menardii type in the Atlantic Ocean ca. 2 million years ago.
Catherine V. Davis, Karen Wishner, Willem Renema, and Pincelli M. Hull
Biogeosciences, 18, 977–992, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-977-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-977-2021, 2021
Práxedes Muñoz, Lorena Rebolledo, Laurent Dezileau, Antonio Maldonado, Christoph Mayr, Paola Cárdenas, Carina B. Lange, Katherine Lalangui, Gloria Sanchez, Marco Salamanca, Karen Araya, Ignacio Jara, Gabriel Easton, and Marcel Ramos
Biogeosciences, 17, 5763–5785, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5763-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5763-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze marine sedimentary records to study temporal changes in oxygen and productivity in marine waters of central Chile. We observed increasing oxygenation and decreasing productivity from 6000 kyr ago to the modern era that seem to respond to El Niño–Southern Oscillation activity. In the past centuries, deoxygenation and higher productivity are re-established, mainly in the northern zones of Chile and Peru. Meanwhile, in north-central Chile the deoxygenation trend is maintained.
Luka Šupraha and Jorijntje Henderiks
Biogeosciences, 17, 2955–2969, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2955-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2955-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The cell size, degree of calcification and growth rates of coccolithophores impact their role in the carbon cycle and may also influence their adaptation to environmental change. Combining insights from culture experiments and the fossil record, we show that the selection for smaller cells over the past 15 Myr has been a common adaptive trait among different lineages. However, heavily calcified species maintained a more stable biogeochemical output than the ancestral lineage of E. huxleyi.
Niels J. de Winter, Clemens V. Ullmann, Anne M. Sørensen, Nicolas Thibault, Steven Goderis, Stijn J. M. Van Malderen, Christophe Snoeck, Stijn Goolaerts, Frank Vanhaecke, and Philippe Claeys
Biogeosciences, 17, 2897–2922, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2897-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2897-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we present a detailed investigation of the chemical composition of 12 specimens of very well preserved, 78-million-year-old oyster shells from southern Sweden. The chemical data show how the oysters grew, the environment in which they lived and how old they became and also provide valuable information about which chemical measurements we can use to learn more about ancient climate and environment from such shells. In turn, this can help improve climate reconstructions and models.
Hannah M. Palmer, Tessa M. Hill, Peter D. Roopnarine, Sarah E. Myhre, Katherine R. Reyes, and Jonas T. Donnenfield
Biogeosciences, 17, 2923–2937, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2923-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2923-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Modern climate change is causing expansions of low-oxygen zones, with detrimental impacts to marine life. To better predict future ocean oxygen change, we study past expansions and contractions of low-oxygen zones using microfossils of seafloor organisms. We find that, along the San Diego margin, the low-oxygen zone expanded into more shallow water in the last 400 years, but the conditions within and below the low-oxygen zone did not change significantly in the last 1500 years.
Yuanyuan Hong, Moriaki Yasuhara, Hokuto Iwatani, and Briony Mamo
Biogeosciences, 16, 585–604, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-585-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-585-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed microfaunal assemblages in surface sediments from 52 sites in Hong Kong marine waters. We selected 18 species for linear regression modeling to statistically reveal the relationship between species distribution and environmental factors. These results show environmental preferences of commonly distributed species on Asian coasts, providing a robust baseline for past environmental reconstruction of the broad Asian region using microfossils in sediment cores.
Jorge Domingo Carrillo-Briceño, Zoneibe Luz, Austin Hendy, László Kocsis, Orangel Aguilera, and Torsten Vennemann
Biogeosciences, 16, 33–56, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-33-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-33-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
By combining taxonomy and geochemistry, we corroborated the described paleoenvironments from a Neogene fossiliferous deposit of South America. Shark teeth specimens were used for taxonomic identification and as proxies for geochemical analyses. With a multidisciplinary approach we refined the understanding about the paleoenvironmental setting and the paleoecological characteristics of the studied groups, in our case, for the bull shark and its incursions into brackish waters.
Anna Binczewska, Bjørg Risebrobakken, Irina Polovodova Asteman, Matthias Moros, Amandine Tisserand, Eystein Jansen, and Andrzej Witkowski
Biogeosciences, 15, 5909–5928, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5909-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5909-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Primary productivity is an important factor in the functioning and structuring of the coastal ecosystem. Thus, two sediment cores from the Skagerrak (North Sea) were investigated in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of primary productivity changes during the last millennium and identify associated forcing factors (e.g. anthropogenic, climate). The cores were dated and analysed for palaeoproductivity proxies and palaeothermometers.
Sami A. Jokinen, Joonas J. Virtasalo, Tom Jilbert, Jérôme Kaiser, Olaf Dellwig, Helge W. Arz, Jari Hänninen, Laura Arppe, Miia Collander, and Timo Saarinen
Biogeosciences, 15, 3975–4001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3975-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3975-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen deficiency is a major environmental problem deteriorating seafloor habitats especially in the coastal ocean with large human impact. Here we apply a wide set of chemical and physical analyses to a 1500-year long sediment record and show that, although long-term climate variability has modulated seafloor oxygenation in the coastal northern Baltic Sea, the oxygen loss over the 20th century is unprecedentedly severe, emphasizing the need to reduce anthropogenic nutrient input in the future.
Saúl González-Lemos, José Guitián, Miguel-Ángel Fuertes, José-Abel Flores, and Heather M. Stoll
Biogeosciences, 15, 1079–1091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1079-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1079-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide affect ocean chemistry and the ability of marine organisms to manufacture shells from calcium carbonate. We describe a technique to obtain more reproducible measurements of the thickness of calcium carbonate shells made by microscopic marine algae called coccolithophores, which will allow researchers to compare how the shell thickness responds to variations in ocean chemistry in the past and present.
Ulrich Kotthoff, Jeroen Groeneveld, Jeanine L. Ash, Anne-Sophie Fanget, Nadine Quintana Krupinski, Odile Peyron, Anna Stepanova, Jonathan Warnock, Niels A. G. M. Van Helmond, Benjamin H. Passey, Ole Rønø Clausen, Ole Bennike, Elinor Andrén, Wojciech Granoszewski, Thomas Andrén, Helena L. Filipsson, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Caroline P. Slomp, and Thorsten Bauersachs
Biogeosciences, 14, 5607–5632, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5607-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5607-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present reconstructions of paleotemperature, paleosalinity, and paleoecology from the Little Belt (Site M0059) over the past ~ 8000 years and evaluate the applicability of numerous proxies. Conditions were lacustrine until ~ 7400 cal yr BP. A transition to brackish–marine conditions then occurred within ~ 200 years. Salinity proxies rarely allowed quantitative estimates but revealed congruent results, while quantitative temperature reconstructions differed depending on the proxies used.
Shuichang Zhang, Xiaomei Wang, Huajian Wang, Emma U. Hammarlund, Jin Su, Yu Wang, and Donald E. Canfield
Biogeosciences, 14, 2133–2149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2133-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2133-2017, 2017
Liza M. Roger, Annette D. George, Jeremy Shaw, Robert D. Hart, Malcolm Roberts, Thomas Becker, Bradley J. McDonald, and Noreen J. Evans
Biogeosciences, 14, 1721–1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1721-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1721-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The shell compositions of bivalve species from south Western Australia are described here to better understand the factors involved in their formation. The shell composition can be used to reconstruct past environmental conditions, but certain species manifest an offset compared to the environmental parameters measured. As shown here, shells that experience the same conditions can present different compositions in relation to structure, organic composition and environmental conditions.
Johan Vellekoop, Lineke Woelders, Sanem Açikalin, Jan Smit, Bas van de Schootbrugge, Ismail Ö. Yilmaz, Henk Brinkhuis, and Robert P. Speijer
Biogeosciences, 14, 885–900, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-885-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-885-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, ~ 66 Ma, is characterized by a mass extinction. We studied groups of both surface-dwelling and bottom-dwelling organisms to unravel the oceanographic consequences of these extinctions. Our integrated records indicate that a reduction of the transport of organic matter to the sea floor resulted in enhanced recycling of nutrients in the upper water column and decreased food supply at the sea floor in the first tens of thousands of years after the extinctions.
Johan Renaudie
Biogeosciences, 13, 6003–6014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6003-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6003-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Marine planktonic diatoms are today both the main silica and carbon exporter to the deep sea. However, 50 million years ago, radiolarians were the main silica exporter and diatoms were a rare, geographically restricted group. Quantification of their rise to dominance suggest that diatom abundance is primarily controlled by the continental weathering and has a negative feedback, observable on a geological timescale, on the carbon cycle.
Jelena Vidović, Rafał Nawrot, Ivo Gallmetzer, Alexandra Haselmair, Adam Tomašových, Michael Stachowitsch, Vlasta Ćosović, and Martin Zuschin
Biogeosciences, 13, 5965–5981, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5965-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5965-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the ecological history of the Gulf of Trieste. Before the 20th century, the only activity here was ore mining, releasing high amounts of mercury into its northern part, Panzano Bay. Mercury did not cause changes to microorganisms, as it is not bioavailable. In the 20th century, agriculture caused nutrient enrichment in the bay and increased diversity of microorganisms. Industrial activities increased the concentrations of pollutants, causing only minor changes to microorganisms.
Aurélie Penaud, Frédérique Eynaud, Antje Helga Luise Voelker, and Jean-Louis Turon
Biogeosciences, 13, 5357–5377, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5357-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5357-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents new analyses conducted at high resolution in the Gulf of Cadiz over the last 50 ky. Palaeohydrological changes in these subtropical latitudes are discussed through dinoflagellate cyst assemblages but also dinocyst transfer function results, implying sea surface temperature and salinity as well as annual productivity reconstructions. This study is thus important for our understanding of past and future productivity regimes, also implying consequences on the biological pump.
William Hardy, Aurélie Penaud, Fabienne Marret, Germain Bayon, Tania Marsset, and Laurence Droz
Biogeosciences, 13, 4823–4841, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4823-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4823-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Our approach is based on a multi-proxy study from a core collected off the Congo River and discusses surface oceanic conditions (upwelling cells, river-induced upwelling), land–sea interactions and terrestrial erosion and in particular enables us to spatially constrain the migration of atmospheric systems. This paper thus presents new data highlighting, with the highest resolution ever reached in this region, the great correlation between phytoplanktonic organisms and monsoonal mechanisms.
Philippine Campagne, Xavier Crosta, Sabine Schmidt, Marie Noëlle Houssais, Olivier Ther, and Guillaume Massé
Biogeosciences, 13, 4205–4218, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4205-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4205-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Diatoms and biomarkers have been recently used for palaeoclimate reconstructions in the Southern Ocean. Few sediment-based ecological studies have investigated their relationships with environmental conditions. Here, we compare high-resolution sedimentary records with meteorological data to study relationships between our proxies and recent atmospheric and sea surface changes. Our results indicate that coupled wind pattern and sea surface variability act as the proximal forcing at that scale.
Niels A. G. M. van Helmond, Appy Sluijs, Nina M. Papadomanolaki, A. Guy Plint, Darren R. Gröcke, Martin A. Pearce, James S. Eldrett, João Trabucho-Alexandre, Ireneusz Walaszczyk, Bas van de Schootbrugge, and Henk Brinkhuis
Biogeosciences, 13, 2859–2872, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2859-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2859-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past decades large changes have been observed in the biogeographical dispersion of marine life resulting from climate change. To better understand present and future trends it is important to document and fully understand the biogeographical response of marine life during episodes of environmental change in the geological past.
Here we investigate the response of phytoplankton, the base of the marine food web, to a rapid cold spell, interrupting greenhouse conditions during the Cretaceous.
Thomas C. Brachert, Markus Reuter, Stefan Krüger, Julia Kirkerowicz, and James S. Klaus
Biogeosciences, 13, 1469–1489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1469-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1469-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present stable isotope proxy data and calcification records from fossil reef corals. The corals investigated derive from the Florida carbonate platform and are of middle Pliocene to early Pleistocene age. From the data we infer an environment subject to intermittent upwelling on annual to decadal timescales. Calcification rates were enhanced during periods of upwelling. This is likely an effect of dampened SSTs during the upwelling.
B. A. A. Hoogakker, D. J. R. Thornalley, and S. Barker
Biogeosciences, 13, 211–221, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-211-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-211-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Models predict a decrease in future ocean O2, driven by surface water warming and freshening in the polar regions, causing a reduction in ocean circulation. Here we assess this effect in the past, focussing on the response of deep and intermediate waters from the North Atlantic during large-scale ice rafting and millennial-scale cooling events of the last glacial.
Our assessment agrees with the models but also highlights the importance of biological processes driving ocean O2 change.
M. Hermoso, I. Z. X. Chan, H. L. O. McClelland, A. M. C. Heureux, and R. E. M. Rickaby
Biogeosciences, 13, 301–312, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-301-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-301-2016, 2016
B. Metcalfe, W. Feldmeijer, M. de Vringer-Picon, G.-J. A. Brummer, F. J. C. Peeters, and G. M. Ganssen
Biogeosciences, 12, 4781–4807, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4781-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4781-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Iron biogeochemical budgets during the natural ocean fertilisation experiment KEOPS-2 showed that complex circulation and transport pathways were responsible for differences in the mode and strength of iron supply, with vertical supply dominant on the plateau and lateral supply dominant in the plume. The exchange of iron between dissolved, biogenic and lithogenic pools was highly dynamic, resulting in a decoupling of iron supply and carbon export and controlling the efficiency of fertilisation.
J. P. D'Olivo, M. T. McCulloch, S. M. Eggins, and J. Trotter
Biogeosciences, 12, 1223–1236, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1223-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1223-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The boron isotope composition in the skeleton of massive Porites corals from the central Great Barrier Reef is used to reconstruct the seawater pH over the 1940-2009 period. The long-term decline in the coral-reconstructed seawater pH is in close agreement with estimates based on the CO2 uptake by surface waters due to rising atmospheric levels. We also observed a significant relationship between terrestrial runoff data and the inshore coral boron isotopes records.
J. Schönfeld, W. Kuhnt, Z. Erdem, S. Flögel, N. Glock, M. Aquit, M. Frank, and A. Holbourn
Biogeosciences, 12, 1169–1189, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1169-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1169-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Today’s oceans show distinct mid-depth oxygen minima while whole oceanic basins became transiently anoxic in the Mesozoic. To constrain past bottom-water oxygenation, we compared sediments from the Peruvian OMZ with the Cenomanian OAE 2 from Morocco. Corg accumulation rates in laminated OAE 2 sections match Holocene rates off Peru. Laminated deposits are found at oxygen levels of < 7µmol kg-1; crab burrows appear at 10µmol kg-1 today, both defining threshold values for palaeoreconstructions.
S. C. Löhr and M. J. Kennedy
Biogeosciences, 11, 4971–4983, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4971-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4971-2014, 2014
R. Hoffmann, J. A. Schultz, R. Schellhorn, E. Rybacki, H. Keupp, S. R. Gerden, R. Lemanis, and S. Zachow
Biogeosciences, 11, 2721–2739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2721-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2721-2014, 2014
T. J. Algeo, P. A. Meyers, R. S. Robinson, H. Rowe, and G. Q. Jiang
Biogeosciences, 11, 1273–1295, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1273-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1273-2014, 2014
C. Berger, K. J. S. Meier, H. Kinkel, and K.-H. Baumann
Biogeosciences, 11, 929–944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-929-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-929-2014, 2014
T. Caley, S. Zaragosi, J. Bourget, P. Martinez, B. Malaizé, F. Eynaud, L. Rossignol, T. Garlan, and N. Ellouz-Zimmermann
Biogeosciences, 10, 7347–7359, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7347-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7347-2013, 2013
N. Preto, C. Agnini, M. Rigo, M. Sprovieri, and H. Westphal
Biogeosciences, 10, 6053–6068, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6053-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6053-2013, 2013
I. Polovodova Asteman, K. Nordberg, and H. L. Filipsson
Biogeosciences, 10, 1275–1290, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1275-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1275-2013, 2013
J.-E. Tesdal, E. D. Galbraith, and M. Kienast
Biogeosciences, 10, 101–118, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-101-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-101-2013, 2013
L. Durantou, A. Rochon, D. Ledu, G. Massé, S. Schmidt, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 9, 5391–5406, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5391-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5391-2012, 2012
C. A. Grove, J. Zinke, T. Scheufen, J. Maina, E. Epping, W. Boer, B. Randriamanantsoa, and G.-J. A. Brummer
Biogeosciences, 9, 3063–3081, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3063-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3063-2012, 2012
D. Wall-Palmer, M. B. Hart, C. W. Smart, R. S. J. Sparks, A. Le Friant, G. Boudon, C. Deplus, and J. C. Komorowski
Biogeosciences, 9, 309–315, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-309-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-309-2012, 2012
S. F. Rella and M. Uchida
Biogeosciences, 8, 3545–3553, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3545-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3545-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Amante, C. and Eakins, B. W.: ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis, NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24, National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA [data set], https://doi.org/10.7289/V5C8276M, 2009. a
Andruleit, H.: A Filtration Technique for Quantitative Studies of
Coccoliths, Micropaleontology, 42, 403–406, https://doi.org/10.2307/1485964, 1996. a, b
Balch, W. M., Drapeau, D. T., Bowler, B. C., Lyczskowski, E., Booth, E. S., and
Alley, D.: The Contribution of Coccolithophores to the Optical and Inorganic
Carbon Budgets during the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment: New
Evidence in Support of the “Great Calcite Belt” Hypothesis, J.
Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 116, C00F06, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC006941, 2011. a, b
Balch, W. M., Drapeau, D. T., Bowler, B. C., Lyczkowski, E. R., Lubelczyk,
L. C., Painter, S. C., and Poulton, A. J.: Surface Biological, Chemical, and
Optical Properties of the Patagonian Shelf Coccolithophore Bloom, the
Brightest Waters of the Great Calcite Belt, Limnol. Oceanogr.,
59, 1715–1732, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2014.59.5.1715, 2014. a
Balch, W. M., Bates, N. R., Lam, P. J., Twining, B. S., Rosengard, S. Z.,
Bowler, B. C., Drapeau, D. T., Garley, R., Lubelczyk, L. C., Mitchell, C.,
and Rauschenberg, S.: Factors Regulating the Great Calcite Belt in the
Southern Ocean and Its Biogeochemical Significance, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 30, 1124–1144, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005414, 2016. a, b, c
Balestra, B., Ziveri, P., Monechi, S., and Troelstra, S.: Coccolithophorids
from the Southeast Greenland Margin (Northern North Atlantic):
Production, Ecology and the Surface Sediment Record, Micropaleontology, 50,
23–34, https://doi.org/10.2113/50.Suppl_1.23, 2004. a
Baumann, K.-H., Andruleit, H., and Samtleben, C.: Coccolithophores in the
Nordic Seas: Comparison of Living Communities with Surface Sediment
Assemblages, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47,
1743–1772, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00005-9, 2000. a, b
Baumann, K.-H., Saavedra-Pellitero, M., Böckel, B., and Ott, C.:
Morphometry, Biogeography and Ecology of Calcidiscus and
Umbilicosphaera in the South Atlantic, Revue de Micropaléontologie,
59, 239–251, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmic.2016.03.001, 2016. a, b
Beaufort, L.: Weight Estimates of Coccoliths Using the Optical
Properties (Birefringence) of Calcite, Micropaleontology, 51,
289–297, 2005. a
Beaufort, L., Couapel, M., Buchet, N., Claustre, H., and Goyet, C.: Calcite production by coccolithophores in the south east Pacific Ocean, Biogeosciences, 5, 1101–1117, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1101-2008, 2008. a
Beaufort, L., Probert, I., de Garidel-Thoron, T., Bendif, E. M., Ruiz-Pino,
D., Metzl, N., Goyet, C., Buchet, N., Coupel, P., Grelaud, M., Rost, B.,
Rickaby, R. E. M., and de Vargas, C.: Sensitivity of Coccolithophores to
Carbonate Chemistry and Ocean Acidification, Nature, 476, 80–83,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10295, 2011. a, b
Bednaršek, N., Tarling, G. A., Bakker, D. C. E., Fielding, S., Jones,
E. M., Venables, H. J., Ward, P., Kuzirian, A., Lézé, B., Feely,
R. A., and Murphy, E. J.: Extensive Dissolution of Live Pteropods in the
Southern Ocean, Nat. Geosci., 5, 881–885, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1635,
2012. a
Beuvier, T., Probert, I., Beaufort, L., Suchéras-Marx, B., Chushkin, Y.,
Zontone, F., and Gibaud, A.: X-Ray Nanotomography of Coccolithophores Reveals
That Coccolith Mass and Segment Number Correlate with Grid Size, Nat.
Commun., 10, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08635-x, 2019. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i
Blanco-Ameijeiras, S., Lebrato, M., M. Stoll, H., Iglesias-Rodriguez, D.,
Müller, M., Méndez Vicente, A., and Oschlies, A.: Phenotypic
Variability in the Coccolithophore Emiliania Huxleyi, PLOS ONE, 11,
e0157697, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157697, 2016. a
Bostock, H. C., Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E., and Williams, M. J. M.: Estimating carbonate parameters from hydrographic data for the intermediate and deep waters of the Southern Hemisphere oceans, Biogeosciences, 10, 6199–6213, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6199-2013, 2013. a, b
Buiteveld, H.: A Model for Calculation of Diffuse Light Attenuation (PAR)
and Secchi Depth, Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 29, 55–65,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02061789, 1995. a
Buttigieg, P. L. and Ramette, A.: A Guide to Statistical Analysis in Microbial
Ecology: A Community-Focused, Living Review of Multivariate Data Analyses,
FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 90, 543–550, https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12437, 2014. a
Caniupán, A. M., Lamy, F., Lange, C. B., Kaiser, J., Arz, H. W., Kilian,
R., Urrea, O. B., Aracena, C., Hebbeln, D., Kissel, C., Laj, C., Mollenhauer,
G., and Tiedemann, R.: Figure 2. Sedimentation Rate and Calculated Sea
Surface Temperature of Sediment Core MD07-3128, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.771859, 2011a. a
Caniupán, M., Lamy, F., Lange, C. B., Kaiser, J., Arz, H., Kilian, R.,
Urrea, O. B., Aracena, C., Hebbeln, D., Kissel, C., Laj, C., Mollenhauer, G.,
and Tiedemann, R.: Millennial-Scale Sea Surface Temperature and Patagonian
Ice Sheet Changes off Southernmost Chile (53∘ S) over the
Past ∼ 60 Kyr, Paleoceanography, 26, PA3221, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010PA002049,
2011b. a, b
Cárdenas, P., Lange, C. B., Vernet, M., Esper, O., Srain, B., Vorrath,
M.-E., Ehrhardt, S., Müller, J., Kuhn, G., Arz, H. W., Lembke-Jene, L.,
and Lamy, F.: Biogeochemical Proxies and Diatoms in Surface Sediments across
the Drake Passage Reflect Oceanic Domains and Frontal Systems in the
Region, Prog. Oceanogr., 174, 72–88,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.10.004, 2019. a, b, c, d, e, f, g
Chaigneau, A.: Surface Circulation and Fronts of the South Pacific Ocean,
East of 120∘ W, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L08605,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL022070, 2005. a
Chapman, C. C., Lea, M.-A., Meyer, A., Sallée, J.-B., and Hindell, M.:
Defining Southern Ocean Fronts and Their Influence on Biological and
Physical Processes in a Changing Climate, Nat. Clim. Change, 10,
209–219, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0705-4, 2020. a, b, c, d
Charalampopoulou, A.: Coccolithophores in High Latitude and Polar Regions:
Relationships between Community Composition, Calcification and Environmental
Factors, PhD thesis, University of Southampton, Southampton,
2011. a
Charalampopoulou, A., Poulton, A. J., Bakker, D. C. E., Lucas, M. I., Stinchcombe, M. C., and Tyrrell, T.: Environmental drivers of coccolithophore abundance and calcification across Drake Passage (Southern Ocean), Biogeosciences, 13, 5917–5935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5917-2016, 2016. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m
Charrad, M., Ghazzali, N., Boiteau, V., and Niknafs, A.: NbClust: An R
Package for Determining the Relevant Number of Clusters in a
Data Set, J. Stat. Softw., 61, 1–36,
https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v061.i06, 2014. a
Cubillos, J., Wright, S., Nash, G., de Salas, M., Griffiths, B., Tilbrook,
B., Poisson, A., and Hallegraeff, G.: Calcification Morphotypes of the
Coccolithophorid Emiliania Huxleyi in the Southern Ocean: Changes in
2001 to 2006 Compared to Historical Data, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.,
348, 47–54, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07058, 2007. a, b, c, d, e, f, g
Dávila, P. M., Figueroa, D., and Müller, E.: Freshwater Input into the
Coastal Ocean and Its Relation with the Salinity Distribution off Austral
Chile (35–55∘ S), Cont. Shelf Res., 22,
521–534, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00072-3, 2002. a
Dawson, H. R. S., Strutton, P. G., and Gaube, P.: The Unusual Surface
Chlorophyll Signatures of Southern Ocean Eddies, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 123, 6053–6069, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JC013628, 2018. a
Deppeler, S. L. and Davidson, A. T.: Southern Ocean Phytoplankton in a
Changing Climate, Front. Mar. Sci., 4, 40,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00040, 2017. a
de Salas, M. F., Eriksen, R., Davidson, A. T., and Wright, S. W.: Protistan
Communities in the Australian Sector of the Sub-Antarctic Zone
during SAZ-Sense, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 58, 2135–2149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.05.032, 2011. a
Deuser, W. G., Muller-Karger, F. E., Evans, R. H., Brown, O. B., Esaias,
W. E., and Feldman, G. C.: Surface-Ocean Color and Deep-Ocean Carbon Flux:
How Close a Connection?, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. A, 37, 1331–1343, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(90)90046-X, 1990. a
Díaz-Rosas, F., Alves-de-Souza, C., Alarcón, E., Menschel, E., González, H. E., Torres, R., and von Dassow, P.: Abundances and morphotypes of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi in southern Patagonia compared to neighbouring oceans and Northern Hemisphere fjords, Biogeosciences, 18, 5465–5489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5465-2021, 2021. a, b, c
Dittert, N., Baumann, K.-H., Bickert, T., Henrich, R., Huber, R., Kinkel, H.,
and Meggers, H.: Carbonate Dissolution in the Deep-Sea: Methods,
Quantification and Paleoceanographic Application, in: Use of
Proxies in Paleoceanography: Examples from the South Atlantic,
edited by: Fischer, G. and Wefer, G., 255–284, Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58646-0_10, 1999. a, b, c, d
Donohue, K. A., Tracey, K. L., Watts, D. R., Chidichimo, M. P., and Chereskin,
T. K.: Mean Antarctic Circumpolar Current Transport Measured in Drake
Passage, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 11760–11767,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070319, 2016. a
Dray, S., Bauman, D., Blanchet, G., Borcard, D., Clappe, S., Guenard, G.,
Jombart, T., Larocque, G., Legendre, P., Madi, N., and Wagner, H. H.:
Adespatial: Multivariate Multiscale Spatial Analysis, R package version 0.3-8, [code], available at: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=adespatial (last access: 18 January 2022), 2020. a
Dylmer, C. V., Giraudeau, J., Hanquiez, V., and Husum, K.: The Coccolithophores
Emiliania Huxleyi and Coccolithus Pelagicus: Extant Populations from
the Norwegian–Iceland Seas and Fram Strait, Deep-Sea
Res. Pt. I, 98, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.11.012, 2015. a
Feng, Y., Roleda, M. Y., Armstrong, E., Law, C. S., Boyd, P. W., and Hurd, C. L.: Environmental controls on the elemental composition of a Southern Hemisphere strain of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, Biogeosciences, 15, 581–595, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-581-2018, 2018. a
Fetterer, F., Knowles, K., Meier, W. N., Savoie, M., and Windnagel, A. K.:
Sea Ice Index, Version 3, Median_extent_S_03_1981-2010_polyline, updated daily, NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center [data set], Boulder, Colorado USA, https://doi.org/10.7265/N5K072F8, 2017. a
Findlay, C. S. and Giraudeau, J.: Extant Calcareous Nannoplankton in the
Australian Sector of the Southern Ocean (Austral Summers 1994 and
1995), Mar. Micropaleontol., 40, 417–439,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(00)00046-3, 2000. a, b, c, d
Findlay, C. S. and Giraudeau, J.: Movement of Oceanic Fronts South of
Australia during the Last 10 Ka: Interpretation of Calcareous
Nannoplankton in Surface Sediments from the Southern Ocean, Mar.
Micropaleontol., 46, 431–444, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(02)00084-1, 2002. a, b, c
Findlay, H. S., Calosi, P., and Crawfurd, K.: Determinants of the PIC:
POC Response in the Coccolithophore Emiliania Huxleyi under Future
Ocean Acidification Scenarios, Limnol. Oceanogr., 56, 1168–1178,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.3.1168, 2011. a
Flores, J.-A., Marino, M., Sierro, F. J., Hodell, D. A., and Charles, C. D.:
Calcareous Plankton Dissolution Pattern and Coccolithophore Assemblages
during the Last 600 Kyr at ODP Site 1089 (Cape Basin, South
Atlantic): Paleoceanographic Implications, Palaeogeogr.
Palaeocl., 196, 409–426,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00467-X, 2003. a
Flores, J. A., Filippelli, G. M., Sierro, F. J., and Latimer, J. C.: The
“White Ocean” Hypothesis: A Late Pleistocene Southern Ocean
Governed by Coccolithophores and Driven by Phosphorus,
Front. Microbiol., 3, 233, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00233, 2012. a
Frölicher, T. L., Sarmiento, J. L., Paynter, D. J., Dunne, J. P., Krasting,
J. P., and Winton, M.: Dominance of the Southern Ocean in Anthropogenic
Carbon and Heat Uptake in CMIP5 Models, J. Climate, 28,
862–886, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00117.1, 2014. a
Fuertes, M.-Á., Flores, J.-A., and Sierro, F. J.: The Use of Circularly
Polarized Light for Biometry, Identification and Estimation of Mass of
Coccoliths, Mar. Micropaleontol., 113, 44–55,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2014.08.007, 2014. a
Gard, G.: Late Quaternary Coccoliths at the North Pole: Evidence of
Ice-Free Conditions and Rapid Sedimentation in the Central Arctic Ocean,
Geology, 21, 227–230, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0227:LQCATN>2.3.CO;2,
1993. a
Gardner, J., Manno, C., Bakker, D. C. E., Peck, V. L., and Tarling, G. A.:
Southern Ocean Pteropods at Risk from Ocean Warming and Acidification,
Mar. Biol., 165, 8, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-017-3261-3, 2018. a
Giglio, D. and Johnson, G. C.: Subantarctic and Polar Fronts of the
Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Southern Ocean Heat and
Freshwater Content Variability: A View from Argo, J.
Phys. Oceanogr., 46, 749–768, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-15-0131.1, 2016. a
Gravalosa, J. M., Flores, J.-A., Sierro, F. J., and Gersonde, R.: Sea Surface
Distribution of Coccolithophores in the Eastern Pacific Sector of the
Southern Ocean (Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas) during the Late
Austral Summer of 2001, Mar. Micropaleontol., 69, 16–25,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.11.006, 2008. a
Hagino, K., Bendif, E. M., Young, J. R., Kogame, K., Probert, I., Takano, Y.,
Horiguchi, T., de Vargas, C., and Okada, H.: New Evidence for Morphological
and Genetic Variation in the Cosmopolitan Coccolithophore Emiliania
Huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae) from the Cox1b-Atp4 Genes, J.
Phycol., 47, 1164–1176, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01053.x, 2011. a, b, c
Hernández-Almeida, I., Ausín, B., Saavedra-Pellitero, M., Baumann,
K.-H., and Stoll, H.: Quantitative Reconstruction of Primary Productivity in
Low Latitudes during the Last Glacial Maximum and the Mid-to-Late
Holocene from a Global Florisphaera Profunda Calibration Dataset,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 205, 166–181,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.016, 2019. a
Ho, S. L., Mollenhauer, G., Lamy, F., Martínez-García, A., Mohtadi, M.,
Gersonde, R., Hebbeln, D., Nunez-Ricardo, S., Rosell-Melé, A., and
Tiedemann, R.: Depth-Age Pointers and Linear Sedimentation Rates of Sediment
Core PS75/034-2, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.792636, 2012. a
Hofmann, E. E.: The Large-Scale Horizontal Structure of the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current from FGGE Drifters, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 90, 7087–7097, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC090iC04p07087, 1985. a
Holligan, P. M., Charalampopoulou, A., and Hutson, R.: Seasonal Distributions
of the Coccolithophore, Emiliania Huxleyi, and of Particulate Inorganic
Carbon in Surface Waters of the Scotia Sea, J. Marine Syst.,
82, 195–205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.05.007, 2010. a
Holte, J., Talley, L. D., Gilson, J., and Roemmich, D.: An Argo Mixed Layer
Climatology and Database: ARGO MLD CLIMATOLOGY, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 44, 5618–5626, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073426, 2017. a
Honjo, S.: Coccoliths: Production, Transportation and Sedimentation, Mar.
Micropaleontol., 1, 65–79, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(76)90005-0, 1976. a
Horigome, M. T., Ziveri, P., Grelaud, M., Baumann, K.-H., Marino, G., and Mortyn, P. G.: Environmental controls on the Emiliania huxleyi calcite mass, Biogeosciences, 11, 2295–2308, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2295-2014, 2014. a
Inkscape: Open Source Scalable Vector Graphics Editor, available at: https://inkscape.org (last access: 10 January 2022), 2021. a
Kaiser, J., Lamy, F., and Hebbeln, D.: A 70-Kyr Sea Surface Temperature Record
off Southern Chile (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1233),
Paleoceanography, 20, PA4009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001146, 2005. a
Karstensen, J. and Ulloa, O.: Peru–Chile Current System, in:
Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 2nd Edn., edited by: Steele,
J. H., 385–392, Academic Press, Oxford,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012374473-9.00599-3, 2009. a
Key, R., Olsen, A., Van Heuven, S., Lauvset, S., Velo, A., Lin, X., Schirnick,
C., Kozyr, A., Tanhua, T., Hoppema, M., Jutterstrom, S., Steinfeldt, R.,
Jeansson, E., Ishi, M., Perez, F., and Suzuki, T.: Global Ocean Data
Analysis Project, Version 2 (GLODAPv2), ORNL/CDIAC-162,
ND-P093, National Centers for Envronmental Information [data set], available at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-data-system/oceans/GLODAPv2/ (last access: 24 February 2021), 2015. a
Kim, Y. S. and Orsi, A. H.: On the Variability of Antarctic Circumpolar
Current Fronts Inferred from 1992–2011 Altimetry, J.
Phys. Oceanogr., 44, 3054–3071, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-13-0217.1, 2014. a
Kohfeld, K. E. and Ridgwell, A.: Glacial-Interglacial Variability in
Atmospheric CO2, in: Surface Ocean–Lower Atmosphere
Processes, 251–286, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Washington, DC,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GM000845, 2009. a
Krumhardt, K. M., Lovenduski, N. S., Long, M. C., Levy, M., Lindsay, K., Moore,
J. K., and Nissen, C.: Coccolithophore Growth and Calcification in an
Acidified Ocean: Insights From Community Earth System Model
Simulations, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 11, 1418–1437,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001483, 2019. a, b
Krumhardt, K. M., Long, M. C., Lindsay, K., and Levy, M. N.: Southern Ocean
Calcification Controls the Global Distribution of Alkalinity,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 34, e2020GB006727,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006727, 2020. a
Lamy, F.: The Expedition PS97 of the Research Vessel POLARSTERN to the
Drake Passage in 2016, Tech. rep., Alfred-Wegener-Institut,
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung,
https://doi.org/10.2312/BZPM_0701_2016, 2016. a, b, c, d
Lamy, F., Arz, H. W., Kilian, R., Lange, C. B., Lembke-Jene, L., Wengler, M.,
Kaiser, J., Baeza-Urrea, O., Hall, I. R., Harada, N., and Tiedemann, R.:
Glacial Reduction and Millennial-Scale Variations in Drake Passage
Throughflow, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112,
13496–13501, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509203112, 2015. a
Lauvset, S. K., Key, R. M., Olsen, A., van Heuven, S., Velo, A., Lin, X., Schirnick, C., Kozyr, A., Tanhua, T., Hoppema, M., Jutterström, S., Steinfeldt, R., Jeansson, E., Ishii, M., Perez, F. F., Suzuki, T., and Watelet, S.: A new global interior ocean mapped climatology: the 1∘ × 1∘ GLODAP version 2, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 325–340, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-325-2016, 2016. a, b
Legendre, P. and Gallagher, E. D.: Ecologically Meaningful Transformations
for Ordination of Species Data, Oecologia, 129, 271–280, 2001. a
Lin, J., Lee, Z., Ondrusek, M., and Du, K.: Remote Sensing of Normalized
Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient of Downwelling Irradiance: REMOTE SENSING
OF NKD, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 121, 6717–6730,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011895, 2016. a
Malinverno, E., Maffioli, P., and Gariboldi, K.: Latitudinal Distribution of
Extant Fossilizable Phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean: Planktonic
Provinces, Hydrographic Fronts and Palaeoecological Perspectives, Mar.
Micropaleontol., 123, 41–58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.01.001, 2016. a, b, c, d
Menschel, E., González, H. E., and Giesecke, R.: Coastal-Oceanic
Distribution Gradient of Coccolithophores and Their Role in the Carbonate
Flux of the Upwelling System off Concepción, Chile
(36∘ S), J. Plankton Res., 38, 798–817,
https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbw037, 2016. a, b, c
Meyer, J. and Riebesell, U.: Reviews and Syntheses: Responses of coccolithophores to ocean acidification: a meta-analysis, Biogeosciences, 12, 1671–1682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1671-2015, 2015. a
Mohan, R., Mergulhao, L. P., Guptha, M., Rajakumar, A., Thamban, M., AnilKumar,
N., Sudhakar, M., and Ravindra, R.: Ecology of Coccolithophores in the
Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean, Mar. Micropaleontol., 67,
30–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.08.005, 2008. a, b, c
Morrison, A. K., Frölicher, T. L., and Sarmiento, J. L.: Upwelling in the
Southern Ocean, Phys. Today, 68, 27–32, https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.2654, 2014. a
Müller, M. N., Trull, T. W., and Hallegraeff, G. M.: Differing Responses of
Three Southern Ocean Emiliania Huxleyi Ecotypes to Changing Seawater
Carbonate Chemistry, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 531, 81–90,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11309, 2015. a
Murtugudde, R., Beauchamp, J., McClain, C. R., Lewis, M., and Busalacchi,
A. J.: Effects of Penetrative Radiation on the Upper Tropical Ocean
Circulation, J. Climate, 15, 470–486,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0470:EOPROT>2.0.CO;2, 2002. a
NASA/JPL: GHRSST Level 2P Global Sea Surface Skin Temperature from the
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the NASA
Aqua Satellite (GDS2), https://doi.org/10.5067/GHMDA-2PJ19, 2020. a
Neukermans, G., Oziel, L., and Babin, M.: Increased Intrusion of Warming
Atlantic Water Leads to Rapid Expansion of Temperate Phytoplankton in the
Arctic, Glob. Change Biol., 24, 2545–2553, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14075,
2018. a
Nghiem, S. V., Rigor, I. G., Clemente-Colón, P., Neumann, G., and Li,
P. P.: Geophysical Constraints on the Antarctic Sea Ice Cover, Remote
Sens. Environ., 181, 281–292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.04.005, 2016. a
Nissen, C., Vogt, M., Münnich, M., Gruber, N., and Haumann, F. A.: Factors controlling coccolithophore biogeography in the Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, 15, 6997–7024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6997-2018, 2018. a, b, c, d
Nooteboom, P. D., Bijl, P. K., van Sebille, E., von der Heydt, A. S., and
Dijkstra, H. A.: Transport Bias by Ocean Currents in Sedimentary
Microplankton Assemblages: Implications for Paleoceanographic
Reconstructions, Paleoceanogr. Paleocl., 34, 1178–1194,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003606, 2019. a, b, c
Nooteboom, P. D., Delandmeter, P., van Sebille, E., Bijl, P. K., Dijkstra,
H. A., and von der Heydt, A. S.: Resolution Dependency of Sinking
Lagrangian Particles in Ocean General Circulation Models, PLOS ONE, 15,
e0238650, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238650, 2020. a
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F. G., Friendly, M., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., McGlinn,
D., Minchin, P. R., O'Hara, R. B., Simpson, G. L., Solymos, P., Stevens, M.
H. H., Szoecs, E., and Wagner, H.: Vegan: Community Ecology Package, R package version 2.5-6 [code], available at: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan (last access: 16 February 2021),
2019. a
O'Regan, M., Backman, J., Fornaciari, E., Jakobsson, M., and West, G.:
Calcareous Nannofossils Anchor Chronologies for Arctic Ocean Sediments
Back to 500 Ka, Geology, 48, 1115–1119, https://doi.org/10.1130/G47479.1, 2020. a
Orsi, A. H., Whitworth, T., and Nowlin, W. D.: On the Meridional Extent and
Fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 42, 641–673,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(95)00021-W, 1995. a, b
Oziel, L., Baudena, A., Ardyna, M., Massicotte, P., Randelhoff, A., Sallée,
J.-B., Ingvaldsen, R. B., Devred, E., and Babin, M.: Faster Atlantic
Currents Drive Poleward Expansion of Temperate Phytoplankton in the Arctic
Ocean, Nat. Commun., 11, 1705, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15485-5,
2020. a
Palter, J. B., Sarmiento, J. L., Gnanadesikan, A., Simeon, J., and Slater, R. D.: Fueling export production: nutrient return pathways from the deep ocean and their dependence on the Meridional Overturning Circulation, Biogeosciences, 7, 3549–3568, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3549-2010, 2010. a
Palter, J. B., Marinov, I., Sarmiento, J. L., and Gruber, N.: Large-Scale,
Persistent Nutrient Fronts of the World Ocean: Impacts on
Biogeochemistry, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg,
https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2013_241, 2013. a
Park, Y.-H. and Durand, I.: Altimetry-Drived Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Fronts, SEANOE [data set], https://doi.org/10.17882/59800, 2019. a
Park, Y.-H., Park, T., Kim, T.-W., Lee, S.-H., Hong, C.-S., Lee, J.-H., Rio,
M.-H., Pujol, M.-I., Ballarotta, M., Durand, I., and Provost, C.:
Observations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Over the Udintsev
Fracture Zone, the Narrowest Choke Point in the Southern Ocean,
J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 124, 4511–4528,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015024, 2019. a, b
Patil, S. M., Rahul, M., Suhas, S., and Sahina, G.: Phytoplankton Abundance and
Community Structure in the Antarctic Polar Frontal Region during Austral
Summer of 2009, Chin. J. Oceanol. Limn., 31, 21–30,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-013-1309-x, 2013. a, b
Patil, S. M., Mohan, R., Shetye, S., Gazi, S., and Jafar, S.: Morphological
Variability of Emiliania Huxleyi in the Indian Sector of the
Southern Ocean during the Austral Summer of 2010, Mar.
Micropaleontol., 107, 44–58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2014.01.005, 2014. a, b
Pierrot, D. E. L. and Wallace, D. W. R.: MS Excel Program Developed for
CO2 System Calculations, ORNL/CDIAC-105a, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy [code], Oak Ridge, Tennessee, , available at: https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/ftp/co2sys/CO2SYS_calc_XLS_v2.1/ (last acces: 2 February 2021),
2006. a
Poulton, A. J., Young, J. R., Bates, N. R., and Balch, W. M.: Biometry of
Detached Emiliania Huxleyi Coccoliths along the Patagonian Shelf,
Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 443, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09445, 2011. a, b, c, d
Raymond, B.: Pelagic Regionalisation, in: Biogeographic Atlas of the
Southern Ocean, edited by: De Broyer, C., Koubbi, P., Griffiths, H.,
Raymond, B., d'Udekem d'Acoz, C., Van de Putte, A., Danis, B., David, B.,
Grant, S., Gutt, J., Held, C., Hosie, G., Huettmann, F., Post, A., and
Ropert-Coudert, Y., 418–421, Scientific Committee on Antarctic
Research, Cambridge, UK, 2014. a, b, c
R Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R version 3.6.3 (2020-02-29), R Foundation for Statistical Computing [code], Vienna, Austria, available at: https://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 29 February 2020), 2020. a
Rembauville, M., Meilland, J., Ziveri, P., Schiebel, R., Blain, S., and Salter,
I.: Planktic Foraminifer and Coccolith Contribution to Carbonate Export
Fluxes over the Central Kerguelen Plateau, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 111, 91–101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2016.02.017,
2016. a, b
Renault, A., Provost, C., Sennéchael, N., Barré, N., and Kartavtseff,
A.: Two Full-Depth Velocity Sections in the Drake Passage in
2006 – Transport Estimates, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 58, 2572–2591, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.01.004,
2011. a
Riaux-Gobin, C., Fontugne, M., Jensen, K. G., Bentaleb, I., Cauwet, G.,
Chrétiennot-Dinet, M. J., and Poisson, A.: Surficial Deep-Sea Sediments
across the Polar Frontal System (Southern Ocean, Indian Sector):
Particulate Carbon Content and Microphyte Signatures, Mar. Geol., 230,
147–159, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2006.04.005, 2006. a
Rigual Hernández, A. S., Flores, J. A., Sierro, F. J., Fuertes, M. A., Cros, L., and Trull, T. W.: Coccolithophore populations and their contribution to carbonate export during an annual cycle in the Australian sector of the Antarctic zone, Biogeosciences, 15, 1843–1862, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1843-2018, 2018. a, b, c, d
Rigual-Hernández, A. S., Sánchez-Santos, J. M., Eriksen, R., Moy,
A. D., Sierro, F. J., Flores, J. A., Abrantes, F., Bostock, H., Nodder,
S. D., González-Lanchas, A., and Trull, T. W.: Limited Variability in
the Phytoplankton Emiliania Huxleyi since the Pre-Industrial Era in the
Subantarctic Southern Ocean, Anthropocene, 31, 100254,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2020.100254, 2020a. a, b
Rigual-Hernández, A. S., Trull, T. W., Flores, J. A., Nodder, S. D.,
Eriksen, R., Davies, D. M., Hallegraeff, G. M., Sierro, F. J., Patil, S. M.,
Cortina, A., Ballegeer, A. M., Northcote, L. C., Abrantes, F., and Rufino,
M. M.: Full Annual Monitoring of Subantarctic Emiliania Huxleyi
Populations Reveals Highly Calcified Morphotypes in High-CO2 Winter
Conditions, Sci. Rep.-UK, 10, 2594, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59375-8,
2020b. a
Rigual Hernández, A. S., Trull, T. W., Nodder, S. D., Flores, J. A., Bostock, H., Abrantes, F., Eriksen, R. S., Sierro, F. J., Davies, D. M., Ballegeer, A.-M., Fuertes, M. A., and Northcote, L. C.: Coccolithophore biodiversity controls carbonate export in the Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, 17, 245–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-245-2020, 2020c. a, b, c, d, e, f
Rintoul, S. R.: The Global Influence of Localized Dynamics in the Southern
Ocean, Nature, 558, 209–218, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0182-3, 2018. a
Rivas, L., Panera, J. P. P., Alperin, M., and Cusminsky, G.: Calcareous
Nannoplankton Thanatocoenosis Distribution in the Southwestern Atlantic
Ocean: New Evidence in the Western Malvinas Current Gyre, 17th INA
Conference, Santos, Brazil, 15–20 September 2019, p. 90, 2019. a
Rost, B. and Riebesell, U.: Coccolithophores and the Biological Pump: Responses
to Environmental Changes, in: Coccolithophores. From Molecular Processes
to Global Impact, edited by: Thierstein, H. R. and Young, J. R.,
99–125, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06278-4_5,
2004. a
Saavedra-Pellitero, M., Flores, J.-A., Baumann, K.-H., and Sierro, F.-J.:
Coccolith Distribution Patterns in Surface Sediments of Equatorial and
Southeastern Pacific Ocean, Geobios, 43, 131–149,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2009.09.004, 2010. a, b, c
Saavedra-Pellitero, M., Flores, J. A., Lamy, F., Sierro, F. J., and Cortina,
A.: Coccolithophore Estimates of Paleotemperature and Paleoproductivity
Changes in the Southeast Pacific over the Past ∼ 27 Kyr,
Paleoceanography, 26, PA1201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001824, 2011. a
Saavedra-Pellitero, M., Baumann, K. H., Hernández-Almeida, I., Flores,
J. A., and Sierro, F. J.: Modern Sea Surface Productivity and Temperature
Estimations off Chile as Detected by Coccolith Accumulation Rates,
Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 392, 534–545,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.10.010, 2013. a
Saavedra-Pellitero, M., Baumann, K.-H., Lamy, F., and Köhler, P.:
Coccolithophore Variability across Marine Isotope Stage 11 in the
Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean and Its Potential Impact on the
Carbon Cycle, Paleoceanography, 32, 864–880, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003156,
2017a. a
Saavedra-Pellitero, M., Baumann, K.-H., Ullermann, J., and Lamy, F.: Marine
Isotope Stage 11 in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean; a
Coccolithophore Perspective, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 158, 1–14,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.12.020, 2017b. a
Saavedra-Pellitero, M., Baumann, K.-H., Fuertes, M. Á., Schulz, H., Marcon, Y., Vollmar, N. M., Flores, J.-A., and Lamy, F.: Calcification and latitudinal distribution of extant coccolithophores across the Drake Passage during late austral summer 2016, Biogeosciences, 16, 3679–3702, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3679-2019, 2019. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z, aa, ab, ac, ad
Saldías, G. S., Sobarzo, M., and Quiñones, R.: Freshwater Structure and
Its Seasonal Variability off Western Patagonia, Prog. Oceanogr.,
174, 143–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.10.014, 2019. a
Sarmiento, J. L., Slater, R., Barber, R., Bopp, L., Doney, S. C., Hirst, A. C.,
Kleypas, J., Matear, R., Mikolajewicz, U., Monfray, P., Soldatov, V., Spall,
S. A., and Stouffer, R.: Response of Ocean Ecosystems to Climate Warming,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB3003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002134, 2004. a
Saruwatari, K., Satoh, M., Harada, N., Suzuki, I., and Shiraiwa, Y.: Change in coccolith size and morphology due to response to temperature and salinity in coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyta) isolated from the Bering and Chukchi seas, Biogeosciences, 13, 2743–2755, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2743-2016, 2016. a, b
Schindelin, J., Arganda-Carreras, I., Frise, E., Kaynig, V., Longair, M.,
Pietzsch, T., Preibisch, S., Rueden, C., Saalfeld, S., Schmid, B., Tinevez,
J.-Y., White, D. J., Hartenstein, V., Eliceiri, K., Tomancak, P., and
Cardona, A.: Fiji: An Open-Source Platform for Biological-Image Analysis,
Nat. Methods, 9, 676–682, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2019, 2012. a
Smith, H. E. K., Poulton, A. J., Garley, R., Hopkins, J., Lubelczyk, L. C., Drapeau, D. T., Rauschenberg, S., Twining, B. S., Bates, N. R., and Balch, W. M.: The influence of environmental variability on the biogeography of coccolithophores and diatoms in the Great Calcite Belt, Biogeosciences, 14, 4905–4925, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4905-2017, 2017. a, b
Smyth, T. J., Tyrrell, T., and Tarrant, B.: Time Series of Coccolithophore
Activity in the Barents Sea, from Twenty Years of Satellite Imagery,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L11302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019735, 2004. a
Sokolov, S. and Rintoul, S. R.: Circumpolar Structure and Distribution of the
Antarctic Circumpolar Current Fronts: 1. Mean Circumpolar Paths,
J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 114, C11018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC005108,
2009. a
Steinmetz, J.: Sedimentation of Coccolithophores, in: Coccolithophores, edited
by: Winter, A. and Siesser, W., 179–197, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1994. a
Sulpis, O., Boudreau, B. P., Mucci, A., Jenkins, C., Trossman, D. S., Arbic,
B. K., and Key, R. M.: Current CaCO3 Dissolution at the Seafloor Caused
by Anthropogenic CO2, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
115, 11700–11705, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804250115, 2018. a
Suzuki, R., Terada, Y., and Shimodaira, H.: Pvclust: Hierarchical
Clustering with P-Values via Multiscale Bootstrap Resampling, [code], R package version 2.2-0, available at: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pvclust (last access: 16 February 2021),
2019. a
Talley, L. D., Pickard, G. L., Emery, W. J., and Swift, J. H.: Southern
Ocean, in: Descriptive Physical Oceanography,
Academic Press, Boston, 437–471, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-4552-2.10013-7, 2011. a, b, c
Toyos, M. H., Lamy, F., Lange, C. B., Lembke-Jene, L., Saavedra-Pellitero, M.,
Esper, O., and Arz, H. W.: Antarctic Circumpolar Current Dynamics at the
Pacific Entrance to the Drake Passage Over the Past 1.3 Million
Years, Paleoceanogr. Paleocl., 35, e2019PA003773,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003773, 2020. a
United Nations (Ed.): Primary Production, Cycling of Nutrients, Surface Layer and Plankton, in: The First Global Integrated Marine Assessment: World Ocean Assessment I, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 119–148, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108186148.009, 2017. a
van Sebille, E., Scussolini, P., Durgadoo, J. V., Peeters, F. J. C.,
Biastoch, A., Weijer, W., Turney, C., Paris, C. B., and Zahn, R.: Ocean
Currents Generate Large Footprints in Marine Palaeoclimate Proxies, Nat.
Commun., 6, 6521, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7521, 2015. a, b
Volk, T. and Hoffert, M. I.: Ocean Carbon Pumps: Analysis of Relative
Strengths and Efficiencies in Ocean-Driven Atmospheric CO2
Changes, in: The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO2: Natural
Variations Archean to Present, 99–110, American Geophysical
Union (AGU), Washington, D.C., https://doi.org/10.1029/GM032p0099, 1985. a
Vollmar, N. M., Baumann, K.-H., Saavedra-Pellitero, M., and Hernández-Almeida, I.: Relative abundances of coccolith species in surface sediment samples from Polarstern expedition PS97, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.932831, 2021a. a
Vollmar, N. M., Baumann, K.-H., Saavedra-Pellitero, M., and Hernández-Almeida, I.: Morphotype counts, morphometrical measurements and mass estimations on Emiliania huxleyi coccoliths from surface sediment samples in the Drake Passage based on SEM images, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.938165, 2021b. a
von Dassow, P., Díaz-Rosas, F., Bendif, E. M., Gaitán-Espitia, J.-D., Mella-Flores, D., Rokitta, S., John, U., and Torres, R.: Over-calcified forms of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi in high-CO2 waters are not preadapted to ocean acidification, Biogeosciences, 15, 1515–1534, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1515-2018, 2018. a, b, c, d, e
Vorrath, M.-E., Müller, J., Esper, O., Mollenhauer, G., Haas, C.,
Schefuß, E., and Fahl, K.: Radiocarbon Ages from Surface Sediments,
Southern Drake Passage and the Bransfield Strait, Antarctic
Peninsula, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.897163, 2019. a, b
Wickham, H.: Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, Use R!,
Springer International Publishing, Springer, Cham, 2nd Edn., 2016
Edn., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4, 2016. a
Winter, A., Elbrächter, M., and Krause, G.: Subtropical Coccolithophores in
the Weddell Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I,
46, 439–449, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00076-4, 1999. a, b
Winter, A., Henderiks, J., Beaufort, L., Rickaby, R. E. M., and Brown, C. W.:
Poleward Expansion of the Coccolithophore Emiliania Huxleyi, J.
Plankton Res., 36, 316–325, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbt110, 2013. a
Winter, A., Henderiks, J., Beaufort, L., Rickaby, R. E. M., and Brown, C. W.:
Poleward Expansion of the Coccolithophore Emiliania Huxleyi, J.
Plankton Res., 36, 316–325, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbt110, 2014. a, b, c
Wu, S., Kuhn, G., Diekmann, B., Lembke-Jene, L., Tiedemann, R., Zheng, X.,
Ehrhardt, S., Arz, H. W., and Lamy, F.: Surface Sediment Characteristics
Related to Provenance and Ocean Circulation in the Drake Passage Sector
of the Southern Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 154, 103135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103135, 2019. a, b, c, d, e
Wu, S., Lembke-Jene, L., Lamy, F., Arz, H. W., Nowaczyk, N., Xiao, W., Zhang,
X., Hass, H. C., Titschack, J., Zheng, X., Liu, J., Dumm, L., Diekmann, B.,
Nürnberg, D., Tiedemann, R., and Kuhn, G.: Orbital- and Millennial-Scale
Antarctic Circumpolar Current Variability in Drake Passage over the
Past 140,000 Years, Nat. Commun., 12, 3948,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24264-9, 2021. a, b, c
Young, J.: Coccobiom2 Macros, available at:
http://ina.tmsoc.org/nannos/coccobiom/Usernotes.html (last access: 1 March 2020), 2015. a
Young, J., Geisen, M., and Probert, I.: A Review of Selected Aspects of
Coccolithophore Biology with Implications for Paleobiodiversity Estimation,
Micropaleontology, 51, 267–288, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsmicropal.51.4.267, 2005. a
Young, J. R., Bown, P., and Lees, J.: Emiliania Huxleyi B Group, available at: http://archive.is/lBgdd (last access: 15 December 2020), 2021.
a
Zeebe, R. E.: History of Seawater Carbonate Chemistry, Atmospheric CO2, and Ocean Acidification, Annu. Rev. Earth
Planet. Sc., 40, 141–165, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105521,
2012. a
Short summary
We studied recent (sub-)fossil remains of a type of algae (coccolithophores) off southernmost Chile and across the Drake Passage, adding to the scarce knowledge that exists in the Southern Ocean, a rapidly changing environment. We found that those can be used to reconstruct the surface ocean conditions in the north but not in the south. We also found variations in shape in the dominant species Emiliania huxleyi depending on the location, indicating subtle adaptations to environmental conditions.
We studied recent (sub-)fossil remains of a type of algae (coccolithophores) off southernmost...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint