Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Xiuli Xing
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, No. 2005, Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
Joint Center for Data Assimilation Research and Applications/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center ON Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Meirong Wang
Joint Center for Data Assimilation Research and Applications/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center ON Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Tibet field station for scientific observation and research on atmospheric water cycle in Mêdog/Xigazê and Mêdog National Climate Observatory, Tibet Meteorological Service, Lhasa 850000, China
Jingye Tan
Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Xunmei Wang
Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Hengmao Wang
Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Our study reveals that the effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on China's gross primary production (GPP) are basically opposite, with obvious seasonal changes. Soil moisture primarily influences GPP during ENSO events (except spring) and temperature during IOD events (except fall). Quantitatively, China's annual GPP displays modest positive anomalies during La Niña and negative anomalies in El Niño years, driven by significant seasonal variations.
Our study reveals that the effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean...