Spatiotemporal variations in surface marine carbonate system properties across the western Mediterranean Sea using volunteer observing ship data

Curbelo-Hernández, David; González-Santana, David; González, Aridane G.; Santana-Casiano, J. Magdalena; González-Dávila, Melchor

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3329-2025

Articles | Volume 22, issue 13

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3329-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3329-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 22, issue 13

Research article

|

10 Jul 2025

Research article |

| 10 Jul 2025

Spatiotemporal variations in surface marine carbonate system properties across the western Mediterranean Sea using volunteer observing ship data

David Curbelo-Hernández, David González-Santana, Aridane G. González, J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano, and Melchor González-Dávila

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3329-2025-supplement

Data sets

Surface Marine Carbonate System Data (2019-2024) from Volunteer Observing Ship monitoring across the Western Mediterranean Sea David Curbelo-Hernández et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13379011

ICOS OTC SOOP NRT Product from CanOA J. Santana-Casiano and M. González-Dávila https://hdl.handle.net/11676/gwO1_f1H5DDIVmrWaeZ3GwDX

Model code and software

CO2SYSv3 for MATLAB J. D. Sharp et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3950562

Program Developed for CO2 System Calculations ORNL/CDIAC-105 E. Lewis and D. Wallace https://doi.org/10.15485/1464255

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Short summary

This study offers a unique high-resolution dataset (2019–2024) on surface physicochemical properties in the western Mediterranean Sea. It reveals accelerated surface warming, significantly altering CO₂ levels and pH. Currently a net CO₂ sink, the region may become a CO₂ source by 2030 due to weakening in-gassing. The research highlights the value of VOS (volunteer observing ship) lines for monitoring climate impacts and emphasizes the need for ongoing observations to enhance long-term trend accuracy and future projections.