Breathing storms: Enhanced ecosystem respiration  during storms in a heterotrophic headwater stream

Jativa, Carolina; Lupon, Anna; Lannergård, Emma; Ledesma, José L. J.; Rocher-Ros, Gerard; Peñarroya, Xavier; Bernal, Susana

doi:10.5194/bg-22-6411-2025

Articles | Volume 22, issue 21

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6411-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6411-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 22, issue 21

Research article

|

06 Nov 2025

Research article |

| 06 Nov 2025

Breathing storms: Enhanced ecosystem respiration during storms in a heterotrophic headwater stream

Carolina Jativa, Anna Lupon, Emma Lannergård, José L. J. Ledesma, Gerard Rocher-Ros, Xavier Peñarroya, and Susana Bernal

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Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 26 Mar 2025)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Mar 2025	142	24	4	170
Apr 2025	112	28	12	152
May 2025	66	14	4	84
Jun 2025	56	2	6	64
Jul 2025	62	20	2	84
Aug 2025	182	16	4	202
Sep 2025	1,008	10	2	1,020
Oct 2025	40	10	4	54
Nov 2025	267	59	22	348
Dec 2025	148	81	33	262
Jan 2026	143	61	23	227
Feb 2026	122	60	13	195
Mar 2026	101	64	8	173
Apr 2026	104	47	14	165
May 2026	61	61	8	130
Jun 2026	20	16	5	41
Jul 2026	10	8	4	22

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Short summary

Over 4.5 years, we studied 53 storms to assess stream metabolism's resistance to change and resilience (recover capacity). Resistance was low, as storms easily disrupted metabolism, with energy consumption rising in larger events. Resilience decreased with storm size, prolonging recovery, but stabilized after 6 d. While storms temporarily boost activity, larger ones hinder recovery. Our findings highlight how changing storm patterns could alter stream health and their role in nutrient cycles.