Articles | Volume 23, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1089-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-1089-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Northward shift of boreal tree cover confirmed by satellite record
Min Feng
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
terraPulse, Inc., North Potomac, Maryland, USA
Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Joseph O. Sexton
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
terraPulse, Inc., North Potomac, Maryland, USA
Panshi Wang
terraPulse, Inc., North Potomac, Maryland, USA
Paul M. Montesano
NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
ADNET Systems, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Leonardo Calle
calleEcology, Inc., Missoula, MT, USA
Nuno Carvalhais
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, DCEA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Benjamin Poulter
Spark Climate Solutions, San Francisco, California, USA
Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
Matthew J. Macander
ABR, Inc. – Environmental Research & Services, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
Michael A. Wulder
Canadian Forest Service (Pacific Forestry Centre), Natural Resources Canada, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Margaret Wooten
NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
Science Systems Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA
William Wagner
NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
Science Systems Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA
Akiko Elders
Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Saurabh Channan
terraPulse, Inc., North Potomac, Maryland, USA
Christopher S. R. Neigh
NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
Science Systems Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA
Data sets
Boreal tree cover dataset Min Feng https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2012
Video abstract
Northward shift of boreal tree cover confirmed by satellite record Christopher Burns, Joseph O. Sexton, Min Feng, and Christopher S.R. Neigh https://nasa-ext.app.box.com/s/zp3qyzdgsi0xfqrcnctph5117f0s3sy1
Co-editor-in-chief
Rapid changes to the climate of the boreal zone have resulted in large-scale 'greening' and range shifts. Feng and others explain these changes at a global scale and with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution, demonstrating a change in boreal forest demography toward younger stands, an increase in areal extent of boreal forests, and a northward gain that outpaced losses on it southern fringe. These ongoing changes further emphasize the importance of boreal forests to earth system processes and the work in the present manuscript presents a path forward for detailed studies of large-scale land cover changes.
Rapid changes to the climate of the boreal zone have resulted in large-scale 'greening' and...
Short summary
Analysis of 36 years of satellite tree cover data provide the first comprehensive confirmation of the northward advance of the boreal forest. Boreal tree cover expanded by 0.84 million km² (12%) from 1985 to 2020 and shifted northward by 0.43°. Gains outpaced losses across most latitudes, confirming a biome-wide poleward shift. Young forests now comprise 15% of the area of the world’s largest forest biome, storing 1–6 Pg C and potentially sequestering an additional 2–4 Pg C as they mature.
Analysis of 36 years of satellite tree cover data provide the first comprehensive confirmation...
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