Articles | Volume 23, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-181-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-181-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Jan 2026
Research article |
| 09 Jan 2026
| 09 Jan 2026
Drivers of CO2 emissions during the dry phase in Mediterranean and Temperate ponds
Victoria Frutos-Aragón
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia, Group, Vic, Spain
Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia, Group, Vic, Spain
Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
Fundació Privada Bionexus, Girona, Spain
Rafael Marcé
Integrative Freshwater Ecology group, Centre for Advanced Studies (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, Spain
Tuba Bucak
Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Thomas A. Davidson
Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Louisa-Marie von Plüskow
Department of Fish Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Pieter Lemmens
Department of Fish Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
Carolina Trochine
Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia, Group, Vic, Spain
Department of Ecology, INIBIOMA, CONICET – Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
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Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 41–56, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-41-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-41-2026, 2026
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Climate change affect lakes by including not just the lakes themselves but also the land areas that drain into them. These surrounding areas influence how much water and nutrients flow into lakes which in turn impact water quality. Here, water fluxes from land, derived from a global hydrological model where water fluxes are modelled at the grid scale, were used to estimate streamflow inputs to lakes from their catchments. Using data from 70 Swedish lakes, we showed that our method works well.
Daniel Mercado-Bettín, Ricardo Paíz, Valerie McCarthy, Eleanor Jennings, Elvira de Eyto, Angeles M. Gallegos, Mary Dillanee, Juan C. Garcia, José J. Rodríguez, and Rafael Marcé
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4049, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4049, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
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Understanding what shapes lake water quality is vital in a changing world. We studied dissolved organic matter, a key part of water quality in lakes and the carbon cycle, to analyse its environmental drivers and make predictions, by using machine learning. Tested in lakes in Ireland and Spain, it showed predictive potential, even when relying only on global climate and soil data. This helps explain how land and climate conditions influence freshwater resources. It can be reproduced worldwide.
Katja Frieler, Stefan Lange, Jacob Schewe, Matthias Mengel, Simon Treu, Christian Otto, Jan Volkholz, Christopher P. O. Reyer, Stefanie Heinicke, Colin Jones, Julia L. Blanchard, Cheryl S. Harrison, Colleen M. Petrik, Tyler D. Eddy, Kelly Ortega-Cisneros, Camilla Novaglio, Ryan Heneghan, Derek P. Tittensor, Olivier Maury, Matthias Büchner, Thomas Vogt, Dánnell Quesada Chacón, Kerry Emanuel, Chia-Ying Lee, Suzana J. Camargo, Jonas Jägermeyr, Sam Rabin, Jochen Klar, Iliusi D. Vega del Valle, Lisa Novak, Inga J. Sauer, Gitta Lasslop, Sarah Chadburn, Eleanor Burke, Angela Gallego-Sala, Noah Smith, Jinfeng Chang, Stijn Hantson, Chantelle Burton, Anne Gädeke, Fang Li, Simon N. Gosling, Hannes Müller Schmied, Fred Hattermann, Thomas Hickler, Rafael Marcé, Don Pierson, Wim Thiery, Daniel Mercado-Bettín, Robert Ladwig, Ana Isabel Ayala-Zamora, Matthew Forrest, Michel Bechtold, Robert Reinecke, Inge de Graaf, Jed O. Kaplan, Alexander Koch, and Matthieu Lengaigne
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2103, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2103, 2025
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This paper describes the experiments and data sets necessary to run historic and future impact projections, and the underlying assumptions of future climate change as defined by the 3rd round of the ISIMIP Project (Inter-sectoral Impactmodel Intercomparison Project, isimip.org). ISIMIP provides a framework for cross-sectorally consistent climate impact simulations to contribute to a comprehensive and consistent picture of the world under different climate-change scenarios.
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Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 5353–5373, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5353-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5353-2024, 2024
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Hydrological modelling is a powerful tool to support decision-making. We assessed spatio-temporal patterns and trends of streamflow for 2001–2022 with a hydrological model, integrating stakeholder expert knowledge on management operations. The results provide insight into how climate change and anthropogenic pressures affect water resources availability in regions vulnerable to water scarcity, thus raising the need for sustainable management practices and integrated hydrological modelling.
Thomas A. Davidson, Martin Søndergaard, Joachim Audet, Eti Levi, Chiara Esposito, Tuba Bucak, and Anders Nielsen
Biogeosciences, 21, 93–107, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-93-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-93-2024, 2024
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Shallow lakes and ponds undergo frequent stratification in summer months. Here we studied how this affects greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We found that stratification caused anoxia in the bottom waters, driving increased GHG emissions, in particular methane released as bubbles. In addition, methane and carbon dioxide accumulated in the bottom waters during stratification, leading to large emissions when the lake mixed again.
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Short summary
Pond sediments emit substantial CO2 during dry phases, often overlooked despite climate change increasing dry periods. We measured CO2 fluxes in 30 ponds across Mediterranean and Temperate regions, finding higher emissions in summer and in ponds with longer hydroperiods, especially in Mediterranean climates. Emissions peaked at moderate sediment water content and warm temperatures, highlighting the need to include dry-phase emissions in carbon flux assessments.
Pond sediments emit substantial CO2 during dry phases, often overlooked despite climate change...
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