Articles | Volume 23, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-2451-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-2451-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Apr 2026
Research article |
| 15 Apr 2026
| 15 Apr 2026
Forest diversity and environmental factors shape contrasting soil-litter fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds and methane in three central Amazonian ecosystems
Débora Pinheiro-Oliveira
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Graduate Program in Climate and Environment, National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
Hella van Asperen
Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Institute for Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Murielli Garcia Caetano
Graduate Program in Tropical Forest Sciences, National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
Michelle Robin
Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Achim Edtbauer
Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Nora Zannoni
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council (CNR-ISAC), Bologna, Italy
Joseph Byron
Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Jonathan Williams
Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Layon Oreste Demarchi
Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
Jochen Schöngart
Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
Florian Wittmann
Department of Wetland Ecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Rastatt, Germany
Sergio Duvoisin-Junior
Department of Chemistry, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
Carla Batista
Department of Chemistry, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de Souza
Department of Meteorology, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
Eliane Gomes Alves
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Graduate Program in Climate and Environment, National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
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Anna C. Huitema, Vincent S. de Feiter, Raquel González-Armas, Oscar K. Hartogensis, Hella van Asperen, Cleo Q. Dias-Júnior, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 14725–14747, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-14725-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-14725-2026, 2026
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We studied how well idealised models of the nighttime boundary layer capture observed variability above the Amazon rainforest, using observations from the CloudRoots-Amazon22 campaign. The observations indicate large nocturnal variability, caused by non-stationary processes and interactions between the within- and above-canopy atmosphere. Common weather and climate models often miss this variability, highlighting the need to represent the complex forest-atmosphere interactions better.
Chloe A. Brashear, Maarten M. J. W. van Herpen, Sergey Gromov, Berend van de Kraats, Carina van der Veen, Xietiancheng Yu, Matthew S. Johnson, Helder Timas, Sönke Zaehle, Armin Jordan, Heiko Moossen, Africa Barreto, Natalia Pratts, Isabel Baños, Jesús Arrieta, Dickon Young, Peter Sealy, Hella van Asperen, Simonetta Montaguti, Peter Sperlich, Rowena Moss, Sylvia Nichol, Stephen Matthew Platt, Ove Hermansen, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Gabrielle Petron, Andy Crotwell, Isaac Vimont, and Thomas Röckmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5618, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5618, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
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This study evaluates trends in atmospheric CO between 1995–2025 and uses the isotopic composition of CO to constrain emission shifts during this time. We find that CO from fossil fuel combustion has reduced dramatically in the Northern Hemisphere during winter, linked to global air quality regulations. Conversely, a small background rise in CO is driven by increasing atmospheric CH4 and recent extreme wildfire seasons have caused large peaks in CO, counteracting reductions from fossil emissions.
Sanam N. Vardag, Kilian Ticks, Santiago Botía, Gerrit Eisele, Philip Papastefanou, Cleo Quaresma, Hella van Asperen, Carla Souza, Flavio A. F. D'Oliveira, Susan Trumbore, Sönke Zaehle, and Sam P. Jones
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-6034, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-6034, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
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This study introduces a 2.5-year data set of CO2 and its stable carbon isotope 13C measured at the Amazon rainforest and analyses what these observations can reveal about how the forest responds to its environment. We find clear day–night changes but much weaker seasonal changes than predicted by a vegetation model, suggesting that the real forest is better buffered against seasonal water stress than the model represents.
Johanna Margaretha Schüttler, Monika Frankowska, Achim Edtbauer, Joseph Byron, Miriam Ressler, Bettina Weber, and Jonathan Williams
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4600, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4600, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
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Organisms forming biological soil crusts (biocrusts), like mosses, lichens, and bacteria cover much of Earth's dry regions but their gas emissions are poorly understood. We measured airborne chemical compounds released by these biocrusts from South Africa under different light and moisture conditions. They emitted many different compounds similar to other organism groups. These findings reveal biocrusts as an overlooked source of reactive gases affecting local air chemistry in dry landscapes.
Bianca E. Krumm, Matthias Kohl, Anna Martin, Joseph Byron, Alexandra Gutmann, Michael Hewson, Jos Lelieveld, Andrea Pozzer, and Jonathan Williams
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5595, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5595, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
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We present airborne DMS observations (0.3-14 km) over the Amazon rainforest and Pacific Ocean, revealing frequent high DMS in marine upper‑tropospheric convective outflows. EMAC model comparisons show the global terrestrial inventory overestimates Amazonian DMS threefold and convection parameterisations control the vertical distribution of DMS and its oxidation products. The results call for improved emission inventories and further research on the fate of lofted DMS in the upper troposphere.
Pauline Buysse, Florence Lafouge, Raluca Ciuraru, Brigitte Durand, Olivier Zurfluh, Céline Décuq, Olivier Fanucci, Lais Gonzaga Gomez, Jean-Christophe Gueudet, Sandy Bsaibes, Nora Zannoni, Valérie Gros, and Benjamin Loubet
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 12131–12150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12131-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12131-2026, 2026
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This research aimed at quantifying biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions by a rapeseed crop field. Such compounds are precursors of atmospheric pollutants. Our study revealed that methanol, a BVOC that is not very reactive in the atmosphere, is by far the most emitted BVOC, while monoterpenes, being highly reactive, were emitted in larger quantities than expected. Our study therefore points out the potentially more significant contribution of croplands to atmospheric pollution.
Carla M. A. Souza, Anne C. S. Mendonça, Hella van Asperen, Flávio A. F. D'Oliveira, Santiago Botía, Luís G. N. Martins, Denisi H. Hall, Raoni A. Santana, Gilberto Fisch, Leonardo R. Oliveira, Jailson R. Mata, Ranyelli Figueiredo, Rachel Albrecht, Bruno T. T. Portela, Carlos A. Quesada, and Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 10679–10694, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10679-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10679-2026, 2026
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We investigated how the height of the nocturnal air layer (hn) above the Amazon forest changes over the year and how this influences gas measurements. Using two years of tower observations, we found that this layer is higher during wetter periods and much lower during dry periods linked to large climate events. hn can controls how gases accumulate or disperse at night, which affects how we interpret observations and improve weather and climate predictions.
Bárbara Antonucci, Raoni A. Santana, Nara L. R. Andrade, Eliane Gomes Alves, Santiago Botía, Carla M.A. Souza, Anne C. S. Mendonça, Shujiro Komiya, Denisi H. Hall, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Gabriel B. Costa, and Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3167, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3167, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
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The Amazon rainforest helps regulate the global climate by absorbing carbon from the atmosphere. We developed a simple method to improve long-term estimates of forest carbon exchange using measurements available at many monitoring sites. Applying this approach to a 13-year record from the southwestern Amazon showed that the forest absorbed carbon during wetter years but became a weaker carbon sink, or even a carbon source, during droughts and El Niño events.
Ankita Mitra, Nancy Harris, Javier G. P. Gamarra, Meredith L. Bastian, Thomas W. Crowther, Nicolas Picard, Martin Herold, Cang Hui, Sergio de-Miguel, W. Gabe Powell, Nathan R. Beane, John R. Shallock, Fons van der Plas, Michael J. Lawes, Mo Zhou, Mohammad Jahanshahi, Nadezhda M. Tchebakova, Elena I. Parfenova, Peter Reich, Cesar Ivan Alvarez, Daniel M. Griffith, Oliver L. Phillips, Ariane Mirabel, Marieke Sandker, WookJin Choi, Akane O. Abbasi, Giorgio Alberti, Jan Altman, Luciana F. Alves, Bienvenu H. K. Amani, Christian Amani, Christian Ammer, Valerio Avitabile, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Akomian F. Azihou, Timothy R. Baker, Radomir Balazy, Jorcely G. Barroso, Jean-François Bastin, Marijn Bauters, Mahmoud Bayat, Hans Beeckman, Eduardo van den Berg, Jahangeer A. Bhat, Anupam Bhatt, Angoboy Ilondea Bhely, Luca Birigazzi, Philippe Birnbaum, Robert Bitariho, Pascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Alexander Bondarev, Frans Bongers, Elise Bouchard, Nils Bourland, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Francis Q. Brearley, Jennifer L. Bufford, José Javier Corral-Rivas, Jaime Briseno-Reyes, Eben North Broadbent, David F. R. P. Burslem, Plinio Barbosa de Camargo, Goran D. Češljar, Ravi K. Chaturvedi, Han Y. H. Chen, Jiaxin Chen, Francesco Chianucci, George Chuyong, Emil Cienciala, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Antonio Lola da Costa, Anibal Cuchietti, Javid Ahmad Dar, Selvadurai Dayanandan, Mathieu Decuyper, Tran Van Do, Jiri Dolezal, Ilija Đorđević, Donald R. Drake, Giselda Durigan, Guy-Michel A. Elogne, Tsutomu Enoki, Javier Silva Espejo, Tom Maurice Fayle, Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo Ferreira, Paul F. Foster, Lorenzo Frizzera, Orou G. Gaoue, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Damiano Gianelle, Mario Guevara, Jesús Aguirre Gutiérrez, Richard Habonayo, David J. Harris, Billy C. H. Hau, Bruno Hérault, Wannes Hubau, Nobuo Imai, Andrzej M. Jagodzinski, Štěpán Janeček, Patrick A. Jansen, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Vivian Kvist Johannsen, Carlos A. Joly, Daniel J. Johnson, Tommaso Jucker, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior, Goytom A. Kahsay, Victor Karminov, Elizabeth Kearsley, Deborah K. Kennard, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Gunnar Keppel, Mohammed Latif Khan, John N. Kigomo, Hyun Seok Kim, Sukyung Kim, Carine Klauberg, Henn Korjus, Subashree Kothandaraman, Florian Kraxner, Leonid Krivobokov, Amit Kumar, Gajendra Kumar, Anna E. Kvashnina, Diana Laarmann, Felix Laurent, Gaia Vaglio Laurin, Rodrigo Vieira Leite, Bas Lerink, Simon L. Lewis, Moses B. Libalah, Weiguo Liu, Jon Lovett, Huicui Lu, Maria de los Angeles Soriano-Luna, Anne Mette Lykke, Emma Jane Mackintosh, Jean-Remy Makana, Andrew R. Marshall, Emanuel H. Martin, Radim Matula, Musingo Mbuvi, Sandra Liliana Medina, Vincent P. Medjibe, Desmond Mensah, Sylvanus Mensah, Thiago Metzker, Stanisław Miścicki, Liudmila Mukhortova, Sharif A. Mukul, Agustinus Murdjoko, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Anny Estelle N'Guessan, Michael R. Ngugi, Alain Senghor K. Ngute, Thomas Nord-Larsen, Thomas O. Ochuodho, Friday N. Ogana, Luzmila Arroyo Padilla, Nazir A. Pala, Alain Paquette, Pablo L. Peri, Sebastian Pfautsch, Maria Teresa F. Piedade, Daniel Piotto, John James Pipoly III, Nigel C. A. Pitman, John R. Poulsen, Akhilesh Raghubanshi, Dipika Rana, Mirco Rodeghiero, Samir Rolim, Purabi Saikia, Peter Schall, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Jochen Schöngart, Vladimír Šebeň, Giacomo Sellan, Carlos Alberto Silva, Marcos Silveira, Jamuna Singh, Ferry Slik, Jarosław Socha, José Daniel Soto, Alexandre F. Souza, Prashant K. Srivastava, Hans ter Steege, Krzysztof Stereńczak, Somaiah Sundarapandian, Martin Svátek, Jens-Christian Svenning, Xiaolu Tang, Raquel S. Thomas, Antonio Tomao, Liam A. Trethowan, Robert Tropek, Kalidas Upadhyaya, Renato Valencia, Rodolfo Vásquez, Daniel Jose Vega-Nieva, Hans Verbeeck, Helder F. Viana, Alexander Christian Vibrans, Simone A. Vieira, Barbara Vinceti, Jason Vleminckx, Vincent Antoine Vos, Anna S. Vozmishcheva, Foma Vozmitel, Hayden Wagia, Hua-Feng Wang, Eric K. Wasingya, Edward L. Webb, Chemuku Wekesa, Verginia Wortel, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Zhen Yu, Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano, Irié Casimir Zo-Bi, and Jingjing Liang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-226, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-226, 2026
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
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This study introduces the first global, spatially explicit dataset of tree diameter structure, capturing key aspects of forest organization, including average tree size, large-tree dominance, and within-stand variability. Built from over one million ground-based field plots combined with more than 50 satellite and environmental layers using machine learning, it provides a consistent representation of forest structure and supports ecosystem research, climate modeling, and forest management.
Johanna Margaretha Schüttler, Giovanni Pugliese, Joseph Byron, Cléo Quaresma Dias-Júnior, Carolina de A. Monteiro, Hartwig Harder, Jos Lelieveld, and Jonathan Williams
Biogeosciences, 23, 3467–3498, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-3467-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-3467-2026, 2026
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We measured how Amazon rainforest soils release and uptake compounds commonly produced by plants across seasons, including the severe 2023 El Niño drought. Soils took up isoprene most in the afternoon of dry seasons, while emissions of very reactive sesquiterpenes peaked during the drought. Removing the leaf litter changed which compounds transferred to and from the soil. These soil exchanges, though small compared to the canopy, can shape air chemistry near the ground and influence soil biota.
Benjamin Weyland, Simon Rosanka, Domenico Taraborrelli, Birger Bohn, Andreas Zahn, Florian Obersteiner, Eric Förster, Mariano Mertens, Patrick Jöckel, Helmut Ziereis, Katharina Kaiser, Horst Fischer, John N. Crowley, Nijing Wang, Achim Edtbauer, Jonathan Williams, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, John P. Burrows, Flora Kluge, Meike K. Rotermund, Andre Butz, and Klaus Pfeilsticker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 6825–6856, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6825-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6825-2026, 2026
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The destruction by sunlight of nitrous acid (HONO) produces the so-called detergent of the atmosphere. HONO has been measured in concentrations which exceed predictions based on known chemistry for decades. Several reactions have been proposed which may explain this excess HONO. This study reports on airborne measurements of HONO; the observations exceed predictions and form a C-shaped profile in the troposphere. Together with a host of other measurements, various reactions are investigated.
Noelia R. Benavente, Santiago Botía, Luciana V. Rizzo, Angel Vara-Vela, Paulo Artaxo, Hella van Asperen, Felipe Santos da Silva, Flavio A. F. D'Oliveira, Horst Fischer, Michał Gałkowski, Theo Glauch, Alice Henkes, David Ho, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Amauri C. P. Junior, Julia Marshall, Linda Ort, Ben-Hur M. Portella, and Luiz A. T. Machado
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-979, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-979, 2026
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The Amazon Basin plays a vital role in regulating Earth's climate by absorbing and releasing carbon dioxide and methane. We studied how a high-resolution atmospheric transport model captures these gases, comparing it with measurements from towers and aircraft over the forest. Adjusting for forest carbon exchange improved carbon dioxide results, while methane levels were heavily dependent on emission estimates. Remaining errors were linked to winds and atmospheric mixing.
Anchal Garg, Maximilien Desservettaz, Aliki Christodoulou, Theodoros Christoudias, Vijay Punjaji Kanawade, Chrysanthos Savvides, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Shahid Naqui, Tuija Jokinen, Joseph Byron, Jonathan Williams, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Eleni Liakakou, Jean Sciare, and Efstratios Bourtsoukidis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 2597–2622, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2597-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2597-2026, 2026
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This study reports multi-year (2022–2024) measurements of 76 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at a rural site in Cyprus. Oxygenated VOCs were the most abundant and showed strong daytime increases due to sunlight-driven chemistry. Air-mass analysis showed that transport from Middle East strongly influenced aromatic VOC levels. Climate–chemistry modeling underestimated most VOCs, highlighting gaps in current emission and chemical processes.
Denis Leppla, Stefanie Hildmann, Nora Zannoni, Leslie A. Kremper, Bruna A. Holanda, Jonathan Williams, Christopher Pöhlker, Stefan Wolff, Marta Sà, Maria Christina Solci, Ulrich Pöschl, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 365–390, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-365-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-365-2026, 2026
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The chemical composition of organic particles in the Amazon rainforest was investigated to understand how biogenic and human emissions influence the atmosphere in this unique ecosystem. Seasonal patterns were found where wet seasons were dominated by biogenic compounds from natural sources while dry seasons showed increased fire-related pollutants. These findings reveal how emissions, fires and long-range transport affect atmospheric chemistry, with implications for climate models.
Shihan Sun, Paul I. Palmer, Richard Siddans, Brian J. Kerridge, Lucy Ventress, Achim Edtbauer, Akima Ringsdorf, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, and Jonathan Williams
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 15801–15818, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15801-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15801-2025, 2025
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Isoprene released by plants can impact atmospheric chemistry and climate. The Amazon rainforest is a major source of isoprene. We derived isoprene emissions using satellite retrievals of isoprene columns and a chemical transport model. We evaluated our isoprene emission estimates using ground-based isoprene observations and satellite retrievals of formaldehyde. We found that using satellite retrievals of isoprene can help us better understand isoprene emissions over the Amazon.
Carlos A. Sierra, Ingrid Chanca, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro Carioca de Araújo, Hella van Asperen, Lars Borchardt, Santiago Botía, Luiz Antonio Candido, Caio S. C. Correa, Cléo Quaresma Dias-Junior, Markus Eritt, Annica Fröhlich, Luciana V. Gatti, Marcus Guderle, Samuel Hammer, Martin Heimann, Viviana Horna, Armin Jordan, Steffen Knabe, Richard Kneißl, Jost Valentin Lavric, Ingeborg Levin, Kita Macario, Juliana Menger, Heiko Moossen, Carlos Alberto Quesada, Michael Rothe, Christian Rödenbeck, Yago Santos, Axel Steinhof, Bruno Takeshi, Susan Trumbore, and Sönke Zaehle
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 5871–5884, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5871-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5871-2025, 2025
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We present here a unique dataset of atmospheric observations of greenhouse gases and isotopes that provide key information on land-atmosphere interactions for the Amazon forests of central Brazil. The data show a relatively large level of variability, but also important trends in greenhouse gases, and signals from fires as well as seasonal biological activity.
Ingrid Chanca, Ingeborg Levin, Susan Trumbore, Kita Macario, Jost Lavric, Carlos Alberto Quesada, Alessandro Carioca de Araújo, Cléo Quaresma Dias Júnior, Hella van Asperen, Samuel Hammer, and Carlos A. Sierra
Biogeosciences, 22, 455–472, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-455-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-455-2025, 2025
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Assessing the net carbon (C) budget of the Amazon entails considering the magnitude and timing of C absorption and losses through respiration (transit time of C). Radiocarbon-based estimates of the transit time of C in the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) suggest a change in the transit time from 6 ± 2 years and 18 ± 4 years within 2 years (October 2019 and December 2021, respectively). This variability indicates that only a fraction of newly fixed C can be stored for decades or longer.
Adam E. Thomas, Hayley S. Glicker, Alex B. Guenther, Roger Seco, Oscar Vega Bustillos, Julio Tota, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, and James N. Smith
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 959–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-959-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-959-2025, 2025
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We present measurements of the organic composition of ultrafine particles collected from the eastern Amazon, an understudied region that is subjected to increasing human influence. We find that while isoprene chemistry is likely significant for ultrafine-particle growth throughout the year, compounds related to other sources, such as biological-spore emissions and biomass burning, exhibit striking seasonal differences, implying extensive variation in regional ultrafine-particle sources.
Akima Ringsdorf, Achim Edtbauer, Bruna Holanda, Christopher Poehlker, Marta O. Sá, Alessandro Araújo, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Jos Lelieveld, and Jonathan Williams
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11883–11910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11883-2024, 2024
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We show the average height distribution of separately observed aldehydes and ketones over a day and discuss their rainforest-specific sources and sinks as well as their seasonal changes above the Amazon. Ketones have much longer atmospheric lifetimes than aldehydes and thus different implications for atmospheric chemistry. However, they are commonly observed together, which we overcome by measuring with a NO+ chemical ionization mass spectrometer for the first time in the Amazon rainforest.
Luiz A. T. Machado, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Santiago Botía, Hella van Asperen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Paulo Artaxo, Achim Edtbauer, Rosaria R. Ferreira, Marco A. Franco, Hartwig Harder, Sam P. Jones, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Guido G. Haytzmann, Carlos A. Quesada, Shujiro Komiya, Jost Lavric, Jos Lelieveld, Ingeborg Levin, Anke Nölscher, Eva Pfannerstill, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Akima Ringsdorf, Luciana Rizzo, Ana M. Yáñez-Serrano, Susan Trumbore, Wanda I. D. Valenti, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Walter, Jonathan Williams, Stefan Wolff, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8893–8910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, 2024
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Composite analysis of gas concentration before and after rainfall, during the day and night, gives insight into the complex relationship between trace gas variability and precipitation. The analysis helps us to understand the sources and sinks of trace gases within a forest ecosystem. It elucidates processes that are not discernible under undisturbed conditions and contributes to a deeper understanding of the trace gas life cycle and its intricate interactions with cloud dynamics in the Amazon.
Hella van Asperen, Thorsten Warneke, Alessandro Carioca de Araújo, Bruce Forsberg, Sávio José Filgueiras Ferreira, Thomas Röckmann, Carina van der Veen, Sipko Bulthuis, Leonardo Ramos de Oliveira, Thiago de Lima Xavier, Jailson da Mata, Marta de Oliveira Sá, Paulo Ricardo Teixeira, Julie Andrews de França e Silva, Susan Trumbore, and Justus Notholt
Biogeosciences, 21, 3183–3199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, 2024
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Carbon monoxide (CO) is regarded as an important indirect greenhouse gas. Soils can emit and take up CO, but, until now, uncertainty remains as to which process dominates in tropical rainforests. We present the first soil CO flux measurements from a tropical rainforest. Based on our observations, we report that tropical rainforest soils are a net source of CO. In addition, we show that valley streams and inundated areas are likely additional hot spots of CO in the ecosystem.
Jing Cai, Juha Sulo, Yifang Gu, Sebastian Holm, Runlong Cai, Steven Thomas, Almuth Neuberger, Fredrik Mattsson, Marco Paglione, Stefano Decesari, Matteo Rinaldi, Rujing Yin, Diego Aliaga, Wei Huang, Yuanyuan Li, Yvette Gramlich, Giancarlo Ciarelli, Lauriane Quéléver, Nina Sarnela, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Nora Zannoni, Cheng Wu, Wei Nie, Juha Kangasluoma, Claudia Mohr, Markku Kulmala, Qiaozhi Zha, Dominik Stolzenburg, and Federico Bianchi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2423–2441, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2423-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2423-2024, 2024
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By combining field measurements, simulations and recent chamber experiments, we investigate new particle formation (NPF) and growth in the Po Valley, where both haze and frequent NPF occur. Our results show that sulfuric acid, ammonia and amines are the dominant NPF precursors there. A high NPF rate and a lower condensation sink lead to a greater survival probability for newly formed particles, highlighting the importance of gas-to-particle conversion for aerosol concentrations.
Pauline Buysse, Benjamin Loubet, Raluca Ciuraru, Florence Lafouge, Brigitte Durand, Olivier Zurfluh, Céline Décuq, Olivier Fanucci, Lais Gonzaga Gomez, Jean-Christophe Gueudet, Sandy Bsaibes, Nora Zannoni, and Valérie Gros
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2438, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2438, 2024
Preprint withdrawn
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This research aimed at quantifying biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions by a rapeseed crop field. Such compounds are precursors of atmospheric pollutants. Our study revealed that methanol, a BVOC that is not very reactive in the atmosphere, is by far the most emitted BVOC, while monoterpenes, being highly reactive, were emitted in larger quantities than expected. Our study therefore points out the potentially more significant contribution of croplands to atmospheric pollution.
Susanna Strada, Andrea Pozzer, Graziano Giuliani, Erika Coppola, Fabien Solmon, Xiaoyan Jiang, Alex Guenther, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Dominique Serça, Jonathan Williams, and Filippo Giorgi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13301–13327, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13301-2023, 2023
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Water deficit modifies emissions of isoprene, an aromatic compound released by plants that influences the production of an air pollutant such as ozone. Numerical modelling shows that, during the warmest and driest summers, isoprene decreases between −20 and −60 % over the Euro-Mediterranean region, while near-surface ozone only diminishes by a few percent. Decreases in isoprene emissions not only happen under dry conditions, but also could occur after prolonged or repeated water deficits.
Eliane Gomes Alves, Raoni Aquino Santana, Cléo Quaresma Dias-Júnior, Santiago Botía, Tyeen Taylor, Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Jonathan Williams, Pedro Ivo Lembo Silveira de Assis, Giordane Martins, Rodrigo de Souza, Sérgio Duvoisin Júnior, Alex Guenther, Dasa Gu, Anywhere Tsokankunku, Matthias Sörgel, Bruce Nelson, Davieliton Pinto, Shujiro Komiya, Diogo Martins Rosa, Bettina Weber, Cybelli Barbosa, Michelle Robin, Kenneth J. Feeley, Alvaro Duque, Viviana Londoño Lemos, Maria Paula Contreras, Alvaro Idarraga, Norberto López, Chad Husby, Brett Jestrow, and Iván Mauricio Cely Toro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8149–8168, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8149-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8149-2023, 2023
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Isoprene is emitted mainly by plants and can influence atmospheric chemistry and air quality. But, there are uncertainties in model emission estimates and follow-up atmospheric processes. In our study, with long-term observational datasets of isoprene and biological and environmental factors from central Amazonia, we show that isoprene emission estimates could be improved when biological processes were mechanistically incorporated into the model.
Lisa Ernle, Monika Akima Ringsdorf, and Jonathan Williams
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 1179–1194, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1179-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1179-2023, 2023
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Atmospheric ozone can induce artefacts in volatile organic compound measurements. Laboratory tests were made using GC-MS and PTR-MS aircraft systems under tropospheric and stratospheric conditions of humidity and ozone, with and without sodium thiosulfate filter scrubbers. Ozone in dry air produces some carbonyls and degrades alkenes. The scrubber lifetime depends on ozone concentration, flow rate and humidity. For the troposphere with scrubber, no significant artefacts were found over 14 d.
Denis Leppla, Nora Zannoni, Leslie Kremper, Jonathan Williams, Christopher Pöhlker, Marta Sá, Maria Christina Solci, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 809–820, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-809-2023, 2023
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Chiral chemodiversity plays a critical role in biochemical processes such as insect and plant communication. Here we report on the measurement of chiral-specified secondary organic aerosol in the Amazon rainforest. The results show that the chiral ratio is mainly determined by large-scale emission processes. Characteristic emissions of chiral aerosol precursors from different forest ecosystems can thus provide large-scale information on different biogenic sources via chiral particle analysis.
Mengze Li, Andrea Pozzer, Jos Lelieveld, and Jonathan Williams
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4351–4364, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4351-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4351-2022, 2022
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We present a northern hemispheric airborne measurement dataset of atmospheric ethane, propane and methane and temporal trends for the time period 2006–2016 in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The growth rates of ethane, methane, and propane in the upper troposphere are -2.24, 0.33, and -0.78 % yr-1, respectively, and in the lower stratosphere they are -3.27, 0.26, and -4.91 % yr-1, respectively, in 2006–2016.
Therese S. Carter, Colette L. Heald, Jesse H. Kroll, Eric C. Apel, Donald Blake, Matthew Coggon, Achim Edtbauer, Georgios Gkatzelis, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Jeff Peischl, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Felix Piel, Nina G. Reijrink, Akima Ringsdorf, Carsten Warneke, Jonathan Williams, Armin Wisthaler, and Lu Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12093–12111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12093-2022, 2022
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Fires emit many gases which can contribute to smog and air pollution. However, the amount and properties of these chemicals are not well understood, so this work updates and expands their representation in a global atmospheric model, including by adding new chemicals. We confirm that this updated representation generally matches measurements taken in several fire regions. We then show that fires provide ~15 % of atmospheric reactivity globally and more than 75 % over fire source regions.
Simon F. Reifenberg, Anna Martin, Matthias Kohl, Sara Bacer, Zaneta Hamryszczak, Ivan Tadic, Lenard Röder, Daniel J. Crowley, Horst Fischer, Katharina Kaiser, Johannes Schneider, Raphael Dörich, John N. Crowley, Laura Tomsche, Andreas Marsing, Christiane Voigt, Andreas Zahn, Christopher Pöhlker, Bruna A. Holanda, Ovid Krüger, Ulrich Pöschl, Mira Pöhlker, Patrick Jöckel, Marcel Dorf, Ulrich Schumann, Jonathan Williams, Birger Bohn, Joachim Curtius, Hardwig Harder, Hans Schlager, Jos Lelieveld, and Andrea Pozzer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10901–10917, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10901-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10901-2022, 2022
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In this work we use a combination of observational data from an aircraft campaign and model results to investigate the effect of the European lockdown due to COVID-19 in spring 2020. Using model results, we show that the largest relative changes to the atmospheric composition caused by the reduced emissions are located in the upper troposphere around aircraft cruise altitude, while the largest absolute changes are present at the surface.
Deanna C. Myers, Saewung Kim, Steven Sjostedt, Alex B. Guenther, Roger Seco, Oscar Vega Bustillos, Julio Tota, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, and James N. Smith
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10061–10076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10061-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10061-2022, 2022
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We present the first measurements of gas-phase sulfuric acid from the Amazon basin and evaluate the efficacy of existing sulfuric acid parameterizations in this understudied region. Sulfuric acid is produced during the daytime and nighttime, though current proxies underestimate nighttime production. These results illustrate the need for better parameterizations of sulfuric acid and its precursors that are informed by measurements across a broad range of locations.
Patrick Dewald, Clara M. Nussbaumer, Jan Schuladen, Akima Ringsdorf, Achim Edtbauer, Horst Fischer, Jonathan Williams, Jos Lelieveld, and John N. Crowley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7051–7069, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7051-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7051-2022, 2022
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We measured the gas-phase reactivity of the NO3 radical on the summit (825 m a.s.l.) of a semi-rural mountain in southwestern Germany in July 2021. The impact of VOC-induced NO3 losses (mostly monoterpenes) competing with a loss by reaction with NO and photolysis throughout the diel cycle was estimated. Besides chemistry, boundary layer dynamics and plant-physiological processes presumably have a great impact on our observations, which were compared to previous NO3 measurements at the same site.
Benjamin Loubet, Pauline Buysse, Lais Gonzaga-Gomez, Florence Lafouge, Raluca Ciuraru, Céline Decuq, Julien Kammer, Sandy Bsaibes, Christophe Boissard, Brigitte Durand, Jean-Christophe Gueudet, Olivier Fanucci, Olivier Zurfluh, Letizia Abis, Nora Zannoni, François Truong, Dominique Baisnée, Roland Sarda-Estève, Michael Staudt, and Valérie Gros
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2817–2842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2817-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2817-2022, 2022
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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are precursors of tropospheric pollutants like ozone or aerosols. Emission by agricultural land was still poorly characterized. We report experimental measurements of ecosystem-scale VOC fluxes above a wheat field with a highly sensitive proton transfer mass spectrometer. We report the fluxes of 123 compounds and confirm that methanol is the most emitted VOC by wheat. The second most emitted compound was C6H4O. Around 75 % of the compounds were deposited.
Yanan Zhao, Dennis Booge, Christa A. Marandino, Cathleen Schlundt, Astrid Bracher, Elliot L. Atlas, Jonathan Williams, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 19, 701–714, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-701-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-701-2022, 2022
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We present here, for the first time, simultaneously measured dimethylsulfide (DMS) seawater concentrations and DMS atmospheric mole fractions from the Peruvian upwelling region during two cruises in December 2012 and October 2015. Our results indicate low oceanic DMS concentrations and atmospheric DMS molar fractions in surface waters and the atmosphere, respectively. In addition, the Peruvian upwelling region was identified as an insignificant source of DMS emissions during both periods.
Clara M. Nussbaumer, John N. Crowley, Jan Schuladen, Jonathan Williams, Sascha Hafermann, Andreas Reiffs, Raoul Axinte, Hartwig Harder, Cheryl Ernest, Anna Novelli, Katrin Sala, Monica Martinez, Chinmay Mallik, Laura Tomsche, Christian Plass-Dülmer, Birger Bohn, Jos Lelieveld, and Horst Fischer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18413–18432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18413-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18413-2021, 2021
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HCHO is an important atmospheric trace gas influencing the photochemical processes in the Earth’s atmosphere, including the budget of HOx and the abundance of tropospheric O3. This research presents the photochemical calculations of HCHO and O3 based on three field campaigns across Europe. We show that HCHO production via the oxidation of only four volatile organic compound precursors, i.e., CH4, CH3CHO, C5H8 and CH3OH, can balance the observed loss at all sites well.
Dirk Dienhart, John N. Crowley, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Achim Edtbauer, Philipp G. Eger, Lisa Ernle, Hartwig Harder, Bettina Hottmann, Monica Martinez, Uwe Parchatka, Jean-Daniel Paris, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Roland Rohloff, Jan Schuladen, Christof Stönner, Ivan Tadic, Sebastian Tauer, Nijing Wang, Jonathan Williams, Jos Lelieveld, and Horst Fischer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17373–17388, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17373-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17373-2021, 2021
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We present the first ship-based in situ measurements of formaldehyde (HCHO), hydroxyl radicals (OH) and the OH reactivity around the Arabian Peninsula. Regression analysis of the HCHO production rate and the related OH chemistry revealed the regional HCHO yield αeff, which represents the different chemical regimes encountered. Highest values were found for the Arabian Gulf (also known as the Persian Gulf), which highlights this region as a hotspot of photochemical air pollution.
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Short summary
Forests release trace gases that influence air and climate. While plants are the main source, soil and leaf litter can also release significant amounts, especially in tropical forests like the Amazon. We measured these fluxes in different forest types and found soil and litter to be active sources and sinks. This can improves climate models by including realistic forest processes, vital for understanding and protecting the Amazon.
Forests release trace gases that influence air and climate. While plants are the main source,...
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