Articles | Volume 23, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-5281-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-5281-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
31 Jul 2026
Research article |
| 31 Jul 2026
| 31 Jul 2026
A high-resolution perspective on climate drivers of lake stratification and phototrophic community dynamics in Late Glacial Central Europe
Institute of Geography & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague, 12843, Czechia
María Luján García
Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Stella Birlo
Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Andrea Lami
Water Research Institute, IRSA, CNR, Verbania, Italy
Martina Stebich
Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Research Station of Quaternary Palaeontology, Am Jakobskirchhof 4, 99423 Weimar, Germany
Stan J. Schouten
Institute of Geography & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Noé R. M. M. Schmidhauser
Institute of Geography & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Bernd Zolitschka
Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Hendrik Vogel
Institute of Geological Sciences & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Martin Grosjean
Institute of Geography & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Climate warming speeds up lake eutrophication, creating “dead zones” where aquatic life suffocates due to oxygen depletion. The sediments of Amsoldingersee, a Swiss lake, revealed how climate shifts impacted the lake around 10 000–18 000 years ago. (1) Algal composition differed between both cold and warm periods. (2) Nutrient additions from dust controlled algal growth more than temperature. (3) Cold periods with ice cover led to oxygen depletion. (4) Algal communities recovered after anoxic phases.
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Sediment cores from the volcanic lake Holzmaar provide a very precise chronology based on tree-ring-like annual laminations or varves. We statistically combine this varve chronology with radiometric dating and tested three different methods to upgrade the age–depth model. However, only one of the three methods tested improved the dating accuracy considerably. With this work, an overview of different age integration methods is discussed and made available for increased future demands.
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We aim at testing and evaluating geochemical proxies and material for radiocarbon dating for their reliability and consistency at the Palaeolithic site Kammern-Grubgraben (Lower Austria). While carbonate and organic carbon contents are interpreted in terms of palaeoclimate variability, pedogenic carbonates turned out to be of Holocene age. As a consequence, the proxy data assessed here are differentially suitable for environmental reconstructions.
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High-resolution geochemical imaging techniques provide new opportunities to investigate the biogeochemical composition of sediments at micrometer scale. Here, we compare biogeochemical data from biochemical varves with meteorological data to understand how seasonal meteorological variations are recorded in varve composition. We find that these scanning techniques help to clarify climate–proxy relationships in biochemical varves and show great potential for high-resolution climate reconstruction.
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Short summary
We analyzed sediments from Holzmaar using hyperspectral imaging and geochemistry to track ecosystem responses to rapid warming. We found that while rising temperatures enabled stratification, forest expansion was the decisive trigger for deep-water anoxia by shielding the lake from wind. Holzmaar’s iron-rich geology prevented internal nutrient recycling, allowing immediate recovery once the climate cooled. This proves catchment traits and lithology can override direct climate impacts.
We analyzed sediments from Holzmaar using hyperspectral imaging and geochemistry to track...
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