Articles | Volume 23, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-53-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-53-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Reviews and syntheses: Carbon vs. cation based MRV of Enhanced Rock Weathering and the issue of soil organic carbon
Marine Biogeosciences, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Mathilde Hagens
Soil Chemistry Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Jens S. Hammes
Carbon Drawdown Initiative Carbdown GmbH, Fürth, Germany
Noah Planavsky
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA
Yale Center for Natural Carbon Capture, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann
Mainz Geochemistry and Isotope Centre (MIGHTY), Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany
London Geochemistry and Isotope Centre (LOGIC), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Tom Reershemius
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LB, UK
Christopher T. Reinhard
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0340, USA
Phil Renforth
School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
Tim J. Suhrhoff
Yale Center for Natural Carbon Capture, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA
Sara Vicca
Biobased Sustainability Engineering (SUSTAIN), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
Arthur Vienne
Biobased Sustainability Engineering (SUSTAIN), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
Dieter Wolf-Gladrow
Marine Biogeosciences, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Viewed
Total article views: 14,786 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 19 Jun 2025)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11,085 | 3,024 | 677 | 14,786 | 857 | 793 |
- HTML: 11,085
- PDF: 3,024
- XML: 677
- Total: 14,786
- BibTeX: 857
- EndNote: 793
Total article views: 4,858 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 05 Jan 2026)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,023 | 1,328 | 507 | 4,858 | 652 | 545 |
- HTML: 3,023
- PDF: 1,328
- XML: 507
- Total: 4,858
- BibTeX: 652
- EndNote: 545
Total article views: 9,928 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 19 Jun 2025)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8,062 | 1,696 | 170 | 9,928 | 205 | 248 |
- HTML: 8,062
- PDF: 1,696
- XML: 170
- Total: 9,928
- BibTeX: 205
- EndNote: 248
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 14,786 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 14,542 with geography defined
and 244 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 4,858 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,658 with geography defined
and 200 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 9,928 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 9,884 with geography defined
and 44 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
7 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Evidence for temporal decoupling of olivine weathering and inorganic carbon removal in unsaturated soil columns M. Rizzi et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2026.1964775
- Surface Proton Reservoirs Constrain Alkalinity Export from Enhanced Weathering K. Maher et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c03236
- Combining biochar and basanite rock powder enhances carbon dioxide removal by carbonate alkalinity production J. Meyer zu Drewer et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2026.1853116
- Photoelectrochemical oxidation method for quantifying and qualifying soil organic carbon variations H. Hemraj et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.113112
- Weathering without realizing inorganic CO2 removal revealed through base cation monitoring A. Vienne et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-12-421-2026
- A novel soil porewater extraction technique for enhanced rock weathering products: SATuration–Centrifugation K. Skov et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/cat.2026.10011
- Reporting, verification, and accounting frameworks for carbon dioxide removal: Scientific integrity, permanence, and governance challenges across emerging pathways P. Murugadoss et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2026.103860
7 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Evidence for temporal decoupling of olivine weathering and inorganic carbon removal in unsaturated soil columns M. Rizzi et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2026.1964775
- Surface Proton Reservoirs Constrain Alkalinity Export from Enhanced Weathering K. Maher et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c03236
- Combining biochar and basanite rock powder enhances carbon dioxide removal by carbonate alkalinity production J. Meyer zu Drewer et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2026.1853116
- Photoelectrochemical oxidation method for quantifying and qualifying soil organic carbon variations H. Hemraj et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.113112
- Weathering without realizing inorganic CO2 removal revealed through base cation monitoring A. Vienne et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-12-421-2026
- A novel soil porewater extraction technique for enhanced rock weathering products: SATuration–Centrifugation K. Skov et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/cat.2026.10011
- Reporting, verification, and accounting frameworks for carbon dioxide removal: Scientific integrity, permanence, and governance challenges across emerging pathways P. Murugadoss et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2026.103860
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 02 Nov 2026
Short summary
Enhanced rock weathering is a nature based negative emission technology, that permanently stores CO2. It requires rock-flour to be added to arable land with the help of farmers. To be eligible for carbon credits calls for a simple but scientifically solid, so called, Monitoring, Reporting & Verification” (MRV). We demonstrate that the commonly used carbon-based accounting is ill-suited to close the balance in open systems such as arable land, and argue for cation-based accounting strategy.
Enhanced rock weathering is a nature based negative emission technology, that permanently stores...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint