The peatlands of Central America are vastly understudied, despite their role as long-term carbon stores. This study presents 9 new peat-core datasets from different landscapes found across Costa Rica. Our approach includes multiple paleoenvironmental tools that provide peatland ages, peat-soil geochemical characteristics, and ecological succession histories. The total peat carbon store in Costa Rica is estimated at 0.15 gigatonnes and the averaged peatland carbon stock is 1080 Mg C/ha.