Articles | Volume 23, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-6053-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-6053-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Seasonal variations and controlling factors of nitrogen fluxes at the sediment-water interface in a semi-enclosed inland sea
Zhaosen Wu
Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-Cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-Cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
Jie Shi
Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China
Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
Xiaokun Ding
School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
Masatoshi Nakakuni
Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Kita, Miki, Kagawa 761-0701, Japan
Seto Inland Sea Regional Research Center, Kagawa University, Saiwai, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0016, Japan
Kuninao Tada
Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Kita, Miki, Kagawa 761-0701, Japan
Seto Inland Sea Regional Research Center, Kagawa University, Saiwai, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0016, Japan
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Biogeosciences, 23, 867–879, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-867-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-867-2026, 2026
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The North Pacific oligotrophic ocean gyre (NPOG), with low phytoplankton biomass, covers about 40 % of the North Pacific. The variations in NPOG seasonal cycle, which have a greater impact than its annual mean changes, are influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation from 1998 to 2021. However, from 2021 to 2100, a weakened NPOG seasonal cycle is expected due to climate change. These changes in NPOG seasonal cycle could affect fisheries and marine ecosystems.
Menghong Dong, Xinyu Guo, Takuya Matsuura, Taichi Tebakari, and Jing Zhang
Biogeosciences, 22, 2383–2402, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2383-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2383-2025, 2025
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Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), a common coastal hydrological process that involves submarine inflow of groundwater into the sea, is associated with a large nutrient load. To clarify the distribution of SGD-derived nutrients after release at the bottom of the sea and their contribution to phytoplankton growth in the marine ecosystem, we modeled the SGD process in Toyama Bay using a specialized computer code that can distinguish SGD-derived nutrients from nutrients from other sources.
Menghong Dong and Xinyu Guo
Ocean Sci., 20, 1527–1546, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1527-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1527-2024, 2024
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We employed a gradient-based algorithm to identify the position and intensity of the fronts in a coastal sea using sea surface temperature data, thereby quantifying their variations. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of these fronts, elucidating their seasonal variability, intra-tidal dynamics, and the influence of winds on the fronts. By capturing the temporal and spatial dynamics of these fronts, our understanding of the complex oceanographic processes within this region is enhanced.
Qian Leng, Xinyu Guo, Junying Zhu, and Akihiko Morimoto
Biogeosciences, 20, 4323–4338, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4323-2023, 2023
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Using a numerical model, we revealed that a large proportion of nutrients in a semi-enclosed sea (Seto Inland Sea, Japan) comes from the Pacific Ocean and supports about half of the phytoplankton growth in the sea. Such results imply that the human-made management of nutrient load from land needs to consider the presence of oceanic nutrients, which act as a background concentration and are not controlled by human activities.
Lei Lin, Hao Liu, Xiaomeng Huang, Qingjun Fu, and Xinyu Guo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5207–5225, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5207-2022, 2022
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Earth system (climate) model is an important instrument for projecting the global water cycle and climate change, in which tides are commonly excluded due to the much small timescales compared to the climate. However, we found that tides significantly impact the river water transport pathways, transport timescales, and concentrations in shelf seas. Thus, the tidal effect should be carefully considered in earth system models to accurately project the global water and biogeochemical cycle.
Junying Zhu, Jie Shi, and Xinyu Guo
Ocean Sci., 18, 659–673, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-659-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-659-2022, 2022
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A bottom cold water mass (BCWM) is a widespread physical oceanographic phenomenon among coastal seas. Observations reveal a prominent interannual variation in a BCWM in the Seto Inland Sea during 1994–2015. We found that air–sea heat flux change during the warming season plays an important role in its interannual variation. Comparison with other BCWMs indicates that the size is a key factor for their difference. The findings help understand the response of BCWMs to sea surface forcing change.
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Short summary
Using observations and a numerical model from a semi-enclosed coastal sea in Japan, we found that seasonal nitrogen release from sediments cannot be explained by organic matter input alone. Instead, nitrogen cycling is regulated by the interaction of organic matter supply, oxygen conditions, and nutrient concentrations in the overlying water. This framework helps explain differences among coastal seas and may improve predictions of environmental change.
Using observations and a numerical model from a semi-enclosed coastal sea in Japan, we found...
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