Articles | Volume 23, issue 20
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-7505-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-7505-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Oct 2026
Research article |
| 26 Oct 2026
| 26 Oct 2026
Biogeochemical controls on the concentrations and stable isotope compositions of sea-ice particulate organic matters in the Southern Ocean
Keigo D. Takahashi
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, 102-0083, Japan
Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
Ryosuke Makabe
National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, 190-8518, Japan
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tachikawa, 190-8518, Japan
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, 108-8477, Japan
Masayoshi Sano
National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, 190-8518, Japan
Kazuki Nakata
Earth Observation Research Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
Noriaki Kimura
Faculty of Education, Kochi University, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
Daiki Nomura
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, 108-8477, Japan
Ryo Matsuda
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, 192-8577, Japan
Natsumi Nojiro
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, 108-8477, Japan
Masato Ito
Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8561, Japan
Shintaro Takao
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
Naho Horimoto-Miyazaki
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, 108-8477, Japan
Aiko Tachibana
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, 236-8648, Japan
Norio Kurosawa
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, 192-8577, Japan
Takeshi Tamura
National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, 190-8518, Japan
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tachikawa, 190-8518, Japan
Mizuki Komatsu
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, 236-0001, Japan
Kay I. Ohshima
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
Kohei Mizobata
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, 108-8477, Japan
Shigeru Aoki
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
Masato Moteki
National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, 190-8518, Japan
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, 108-8477, Japan
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Céline Heuzé, Polona Itkin, Vladimir Ivanov, G. W. Kent Moore, Kazuki Nakata, Kay I. Ohshima, and Janna Rückert
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3855, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3855, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for The Cryosphere (TC).
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Polynyas, openings in the sea ice, play a crucial role in the Arctic winter icescape, notably acting as breathing hole for the ecosystem, hunting ground for Indigenous communities, and comparatively safe navigation alternative. The Arctic being the region of the world changing fastest in response to climate change, we here review how polynyas and their impact on the climate have been changing too, and, for lack of adequate long-term observations or models, extrapolate their future.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck, Peter Landschützer, Corinne Le Quéré, Hongmei Li, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Kjetil Aas, Simone R. Alin, Peter Anthoni, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Nicolas Bellouin, Alice Benoit-Cattin, Carla F. Berghoff, Raffaele Bernardello, Laurent Bopp, Ida Bagus Mandhara Brasika, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Naveen Chandra, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Nathan O. Collier, Thomas H. Colligan, Margot Cronin, Laique M. Djeutchouang, Xinyu Dou, Matt P. Enright, Kazutaka Enyo, Michael Erb, Wiley Evans, Richard A. Feely, Liang Feng, Daniel J. Ford, Adrianna Foster, Filippa Fransner, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Jefferson Goncalves De Souza, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Bertrand Guenet, Özgür Gürses, Kirsty Harrington, Ian Harris, Jens Heinke, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Akihiko Ito, Andrew R. Jacobson, Atul K. Jain, Tereza Jarníková, Annika Jersild, Fei Jiang, Steve D. Jones, Etsushi Kato, Ralph F. Keeling, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Yawen Kong, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Charles Koven, Taro Kunimitsu, Xin Lan, Junjie Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Zhu Liu, Claire Lo Monaco, Lei Ma, Gregg Marland, Patrick C. McGuire, Galen A. McKinley, Joe R. Melton, Natalie Monacci, Erwan Monier, Eric J. Morgan, David R. Munro, Jens D. Müller, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Lorna R. Nayagam, Yosuke Niwa, Tobias Nutzel, Are Olsen, Abdirahman M. Omar, Naiqing Pan, Sudhanshu Pandey, Denis Pierrot, Zhangcai Qin, Pierre Regnier, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Alizée Roobaert, Thais M. Rosan, Christian Rödenbeck, Jörg Schwinger, Ingunn Skjelvan, T. Luke Smallman, Victoria Spada, Mohanan G. Sreeush, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Didier Swingedouw, Roland Séférian, Shintaro Takao, Hiroaki Tatebe, Hanqin Tian, Xiangjun Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Erik van Ooijen, Guido R. van der Werf, Sebastiaan J. van de Velde, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Xiaojuan Yang, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, and Jiye Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 3211–3288, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026, 2026
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The Global Carbon Budget 2025 describes the methodology, main results, and datasets used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land ecosystems, and the ocean over the historical period (1750–2025). These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Noriaki Kimura and Hiroyasu Hasumi
The Cryosphere, 20, 2331–2349, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2331-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2331-2026, 2026
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Measuring sea ice thickness is difficult using satellite data, but it is crucial for understanding climate change. This study introduces a new method that estimates ice thickness by tracking where and when sea ice formed and calculating how much it likely grew based on daily weather conditions. The results agreed well with underwater measurements. This method helps map ice thickness across the Arctic and may support estimates of other hard-to-measure sea ice features.
Chengyan Liu, Zhaomin Wang, Dake Chen, Xianxian Han, Hengling Leng, Xi Liang, Liangjun Yan, Xiang Li, Craig Stevens, Andrew McC. Hogg, Kazuya Kusahara, Kaihe Yamazaki, Kay I. Ohshima, Meng Zhou, Xiao Cheng, Dongxiao Wang, Changming Dong, Jiping Liu, Qinghua Yang, Xichen Li, Ruibo Lei, Minghu Ding, Zhaoru Zhang, Dujuan Kang, Di Qi, Tongya Liu, Jihai Dong, Lu An, Ru Chen, Tong Zhang, Xiaoming Hu, Bo Han, Haibo Bi, Qi Shu, Longjiang Mu, Shiming Xu, Hu Yang, Hailong Liu, Tingfeng Dou, Zhixuan Feng, Lei Zheng, Xueyuan Tang, Guitao Shi, Yongqing Cai, Bingrui Li, Yang Wu, Xia Lin, Wenjin Sun, Yu Liu, Kai Yu, Yu Zhang, Weizeng Shao, Xiaoyu Wang, Shaojun Zheng, Chengyi Yuan, Chunxia Zhou, Jian Liu, Yang Liu, Yue Xia, Xiaoyu Pan, Jiabao Zeng, Kechen Liu, Jiahao Fan, Chen Cheng, and Qi Li
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 2985–3033, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2985-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2985-2026, 2026
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We developed a high-resolution computer model to simulate how the ocean, sea ice, and ice shelves interact around Antarctica. This helps us understand their critical role in global climate and sea-level rise. Our model successfully captures essential features like major currents and seasonal ice changes. Despite some remaining biases, it provides a useful tool for predicting future changes in this vital and rapidly evolving region.
Yoshihiro Nakayama, Shuntaro Hyogo, Yichen Lin, Taewook Park, Jinho Lee, Juistine Caillet, Gobishankar Mohan, Mattia Poinelli, Pierre Dutrieux, Kazuki Nakata, Hong Zhang, Brice Loose, and Lauren Kowalski
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5958, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5958, 2026
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We develop a regional ocean model of the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas in Antarctica. Differences in model setups and parameter choices often limit usability and broader scientific application, especially for non-ocean modellers. We carefully evaluate the model outputs and establish a common control experiment that can be shared and applied across studies with tracer and particle applications. This effort aims to support wide community use and improve understanding of ice–ocean interactions.
Tatsuki Tokoro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Shintaro Takao, Shu Saito, Daisuke Sasano, Kazutaka Enyo, Masao Ishii, Naohiro Kosugi, Tsuneo Ono, Kazuaki Tadokoro, and Yukihiro Nojiri
Biogeosciences, 22, 7709–7724, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-7709-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-7709-2025, 2025
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We studied how riverine water from the mainland of Japan affects the ocean's carbon cycle using decades of Total Alkalinity (TA) data from the Northwest Pacific. Statistical analysis revealed riverine water as a major TA source, reducing coastal acidification by 71 %, but with minimal impact on pH and atmospheric CO2 absorption. Future work aims to refine results with depth-specific data and apply findings to global models.
Amanda Sellmaier, Ellen Damm, Torsten Sachs, Benjamin Kirbus, Inge Wiekenkamp, Annette Rinke, Falk Pätzold, Daiki Nomura, Astrid Lampert, and Markus Rex
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 17685–17700, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17685-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17685-2025, 2025
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This study presents continuous ship-borne measurements of methane (CH4) concentration and isotopic composition monitored during an ice drift expedition in 2020. Using trajectory analysis, we linked atmospheric CH4 variabilities to air mass pathways transported over open water or sea-ice. The study highlights the potential of ship-borne observations to fill significant data gaps in the high Arctic.
Shenjie Zhou, Pierre Dutrieux, Claudia F. Giulivi, Adrian Jenkins, Alessandro Silvano, Christopher Auckland, E. Povl Abrahamsen, Michael Meredith, Irena Vaňková, Keith Nicholls, Peter E. D. Davis, Svein Østerhus, Arnold L. Gordon, Christopher J. Zappa, Tiago S. Dotto, Ted Scambos, Kathryn L. Gunn, Stephen R. Rintoul, Shigeru Aoki, Craig Stevens, Chengyan Liu, Sukyoung Yun, Tae-Wan Kim, Won Sang Lee, Markus Janout, Tore Hattermann, Julius Lauber, Elin Darelius, Anna Wåhlin, Leo Middleton, Pasquale Castagno, Giorgio Budillon, Karen J. Heywood, Jennifer Graham, Stephen Dye, Daisuke Hirano, and Una Kim Miller
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 5693–5706, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5693-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5693-2025, 2025
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We created the first standardised dataset of in-situ ocean measurements time series from around Antarctica collected since 1970s. This includes temperature, salinity, pressure, and currents recorded by instruments deployed in icy, challenging conditions. Our analysis highlights the dominance of tidal currents and separates these from other patterns to study regional energy distribution. This unique dataset offers a foundation for future research on Antarctic ocean dynamics and ice interactions.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Judith Hauck, Peter Landschützer, Corinne Le Quéré, Hongmei Li, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Almut Arneth, Vivek Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Carla F. Berghoff, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Patricia Cadule, Katie Campbell, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Naveen Chandra, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Thomas Colligan, Jeanne Decayeux, Laique M. Djeutchouang, Xinyu Dou, Carolina Duran Rojas, Kazutaka Enyo, Wiley Evans, Amanda R. Fay, Richard A. Feely, Daniel J. Ford, Adrianna Foster, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Jens Heinke, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Andrew R. Jacobson, Atul K. Jain, Tereza Jarníková, Annika Jersild, Fei Jiang, Zhe Jin, Etsushi Kato, Ralph F. Keeling, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Xin Lan, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Zhu Liu, Junjie Liu, Lei Ma, Shamil Maksyutov, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Patrick C. McGuire, Nicolas Metzl, Natalie M. Monacci, Eric J. Morgan, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Craig Neill, Yosuke Niwa, Tobias Nützel, Lea Olivier, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Denis Pierrot, Zhangcai Qin, Laure Resplandy, Alizée Roobaert, Thais M. Rosan, Christian Rödenbeck, Jörg Schwinger, T. Luke Smallman, Stephen M. Smith, Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso, Tobias Steinhoff, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Roland Séférian, Shintaro Takao, Hiroaki Tatebe, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Olivier Torres, Etienne Tourigny, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido van der Werf, Rik Wanninkhof, Xuhui Wang, Dongxu Yang, Xiaojuan Yang, Zhen Yu, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Ning Zeng, and Jiye Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 965–1039, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-965-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-965-2025, 2025
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The Global Carbon Budget 2024 describes the methodology, main results, and datasets used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land ecosystems, and the ocean over the historical period (1750–2024). These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Naoya Kanna, Kazutaka Tateyama, Takuji Waseda, Anna Timofeeva, Maria Papadimitraki, Laura Whitmore, Hajime Obata, Daiki Nomura, Hiroshi Ogawa, Youhei Yamashita, and Igor Polyakov
Biogeosciences, 22, 1057–1076, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1057-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1057-2025, 2025
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This article presents data on iron and manganese, essential micronutrients for primary producers in the Arctic Laptev and East Siberian seas (LESS). There, observations were made through international cooperation with the Nansen and Amundsen Basin Observational System expedition during the late summer of 2021. The results from this study indicate that the major sources controlling the iron and manganese distributions on the LESS continental margins are river discharge and shelf sediment input.
Katsuro Katsumata, Shigeru Aoki, Kay I. Ohshima, and Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai
Ocean Sci., 21, 419–436, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-419-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-419-2025, 2025
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Ship-based observations provide data of seawater properties like temperature, salinity, nutrients, and various gases, but some important world oceans have still not been covered. A voyage in 2019/20 in the southwest Indian Ocean along approximately 55° E from 30° S to Antarctica attempted to fill one such data-sparse region. The measured cross section of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and accompanying eddies demonstrates various oceanic behaviours including fronts and eddy mixing.
Mutsumi Iizuka, Takuya Itaki, Osamu Seki, Ryosuke Makabe, Motoha Ojima, and Shigeru Aoki
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 37–53, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-37-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-37-2024, 2024
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Radiolarian fossils are valuable tools for understanding water mass distribution. However, they have not been used in the high-latitude Southern Ocean due to unclear radiolarian assemblages. Our study identifies four assemblages related to water masses and ice edge environments in the high-latitude Southern Ocean, offering insights for water mass reconstruction in this region.
Kazuya Kusahara, Daisuke Hirano, Masakazu Fujii, Alexander D. Fraser, Takeshi Tamura, Kohei Mizobata, Guy D. Williams, and Shigeru Aoki
The Cryosphere, 18, 43–73, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024, 2024
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This study focuses on the Totten and Moscow University ice shelves, East Antarctica. We used an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model to better understand regional interactions between ocean, sea ice, and ice shelf. We found that a combination of warm ocean water and local sea ice production influences the regional ice shelf basal melting. Furthermore, the model reproduced the summertime undercurrent on the upper continental slope, regulating ocean heat transport onto the continental shelf.
Vigan Mensah, Koji Fujita, Stephen Howell, Miho Ikeda, Mizuki Komatsu, and Kay I. Ohshima
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2492, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2492, 2023
Preprint archived
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We estimated the volume of freshwater released by sea ice, glaciers, rivers, and precipitation into Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea, and their changes over the past 70 years. We found that the freshwater volume has risen in Baffin Bay due to increased glacier melting, and dropped in the Labrador Sea because of the decline in sea ice production. We also infer that freshwater from the Arctic Ocean has been exported to our study region for the past 30 years, possibly as a result of global warming.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck, Peter Landschützer, Corinne Le Quéré, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Peter Anthoni, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Bertrand Decharme, Laurent Bopp, Ida Bagus Mandhara Brasika, Patricia Cadule, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Naveen Chandra, Thi-Tuyet-Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Xinyu Dou, Kazutaka Enyo, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Liang Feng, Daniel J. Ford, Thomas Gasser, Josefine Ghattas, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Jens Heinke, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Andrew R. Jacobson, Atul Jain, Tereza Jarníková, Annika Jersild, Fei Jiang, Zhe Jin, Fortunat Joos, Etsushi Kato, Ralph F. Keeling, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Arne Körtzinger, Xin Lan, Nathalie Lefèvre, Hongmei Li, Junjie Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Lei Ma, Greg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Patrick C. McGuire, Galen A. McKinley, Gesa Meyer, Eric J. Morgan, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin M. O'Brien, Are Olsen, Abdirahman M. Omar, Tsuneo Ono, Melf Paulsen, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Carter M. Powis, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, T. Luke Smallman, Stephen M. Smith, Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Erik van Ooijen, Rik Wanninkhof, Michio Watanabe, Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Dongxu Yang, Xiaojuan Yang, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, and Bo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5301–5369, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, 2023
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The Global Carbon Budget 2023 describes the methodology, main results, and data sets used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land ecosystems, and the ocean over the historical period (1750–2023). These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Sachi Umezawa, Manami Tozawa, Yuichi Nosaka, Daiki Nomura, Hiroji Onishi, Hiroto Abe, Tetsuya Takatsu, and Atsushi Ooki
Biogeosciences, 20, 421–438, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, 2023
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We conducted repetitive observations in Funka Bay, Japan, during the spring bloom 2019. We found nutrient concentration decreases in the dark subsurface layer during the bloom. Incubation experiments confirmed that diatoms could consume nutrients at a substantial rate, even in darkness. We concluded that the nutrient reduction was mainly caused by nutrient consumption by diatoms in the dark.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Luke Gregor, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quéré, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Ramdane Alkama, Almut Arneth, Vivek K. Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Lucas Gloege, Giacomo Grassi, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Annika Jersild, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Keith Lindsay, Junjie Liu, Zhu Liu, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Matthew J. McGrath, Nicolas Metzl, Natalie M. Monacci, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Naiqing Pan, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Carmen Rodriguez, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Jamie D. Shutler, Ingunn Skjelvan, Tobias Steinhoff, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Xiangjun Tian, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Chris Whitehead, Anna Willstrand Wranne, Rebecca Wright, Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, and Bo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4811–4900, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022, 2022
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The Global Carbon Budget 2022 describes the datasets and methodology used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, the land ecosystems, and the ocean. These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Tian R. Tian, Alexander D. Fraser, Noriaki Kimura, Chen Zhao, and Petra Heil
The Cryosphere, 16, 1299–1314, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1299-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1299-2022, 2022
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This study presents a comprehensive validation of a satellite observational sea ice motion product in Antarctica by using drifting buoys. Two problems existing in this sea ice motion product have been noticed. After rectifying problems, we use it to investigate the impacts of satellite observational configuration and timescale on Antarctic sea ice kinematics and suggest the future improvement of satellite missions specifically designed for retrieval of sea ice motion.
Alexander D. Fraser, Robert A. Massom, Mark S. Handcock, Phillip Reid, Kay I. Ohshima, Marilyn N. Raphael, Jessica Cartwright, Andrew R. Klekociuk, Zhaohui Wang, and Richard Porter-Smith
The Cryosphere, 15, 5061–5077, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5061-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5061-2021, 2021
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Landfast ice is sea ice that remains stationary by attaching to Antarctica's coastline and grounded icebergs. Although a variable feature, landfast ice exerts influence on key coastal processes involving pack ice, the ice sheet, ocean, and atmosphere and is of ecological importance. We present a first analysis of change in landfast ice over an 18-year period and quantify trends (−0.19 ± 0.18 % yr−1). This analysis forms a reference of landfast-ice extent and variability for use in other studies.
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Short summary
We collected sea ice and identified factors affecting the particulate organic carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotope ratios. The results suggested nutrient and organic matter influenced the isotope compositions in sea ice. Using the hydrography and sea-ice data, we estimated the particulate organic carbon supply from sea ice. This supply was equivalent to 14.7 % of phytoplankton production near ice edge, highlighting the importance of sea-ice derived materials for Antarctic ecosystems.
We collected sea ice and identified factors affecting the particulate organic carbon and...
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