Articles | Volume 9, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-309-2012
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-309-2012
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Jan 2012
Research article |
| 16 Jan 2012
Pteropods from the Caribbean Sea: variations in calcification as an indicator of past ocean carbonate saturation
D. Wall-Palmer
School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
M. B. Hart
Invited contribution by M. B. Hart, recipient of the EGU Jean Baptiste Lamarck Medal 2011.
School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
C. W. Smart
School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
R. S. J. Sparks
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
A. Le Friant
Institute du Physique du Globe de Paris, Case 89, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris cedex 05, France
G. Boudon
Institute du Physique du Globe de Paris, Case 89, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris cedex 05, France
C. Deplus
Institute du Physique du Globe de Paris, Case 89, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris cedex 05, France
J. C. Komorowski
Institute du Physique du Globe de Paris, Case 89, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris cedex 05, France
Related subject area
Paleobiogeoscience: Marine Record
Calcification response of planktic foraminifera to environmental change in the western Mediterranean Sea during the industrial era
Nature and origin of variations in pelagic carbonate production in the tropical ocean since the mid-Miocene (ODP Site 927)
Massive corals record deforestation in Malaysian Borneo through sediments in river discharge
Variation in calcification of Reticulofenestra coccoliths over the Oligocene–Early Miocene
The influence of near-surface sediment hydrothermalism on the TEX86 tetraether-lipid-based proxy and a new correction for ocean bottom lipid overprinting
Testing the effect of bioturbation and species abundance upon discrete-depth individual foraminifera analysis
Test-size evolution of the planktonic foraminifer Globorotalia menardii in the eastern tropical Atlantic since the Late Miocene
Distribution of coccoliths in surface sediments across the Drake Passage and calcification of Emiliania huxleyi morphotypes
Vertical distribution of planktic foraminifera through an oxygen minimum zone: how assemblages and test morphology reflect oxygen concentrations
Reconstructing past variations in environmental conditions and paleoproductivity over the last ∼ 8000 years off north-central Chile (30° S)
A 15-million-year-long record of phenotypic evolution in the heavily calcified coccolithophore Helicosphaera and its biogeochemical implications
Shell chemistry of the boreal Campanian bivalve Rastellum diluvianum (Linnaeus, 1767) reveals temperature seasonality, growth rates and life cycle of an extinct Cretaceous oyster
Southern California margin benthic foraminiferal assemblages record recent centennial-scale changes in oxygen minimum zone
Baseline for ostracod-based northwestern Pacific and Indo-Pacific shallow-marine paleoenvironmental reconstructions: ecological modeling of species distributions
Neogene Caribbean elasmobranchs: diversity, paleoecology and paleoenvironmental significance of the Cocinetas Basin assemblage (Guajira Peninsula, Colombia)
Coastal primary productivity changes over the last millennium: a case study from the Skagerrak (North Sea)
A 1500-year multiproxy record of coastal hypoxia from the northern Baltic Sea indicates unprecedented deoxygenation over the 20th century
Technical note: An empirical method for absolute calibration of coccolith thickness
Reconstructing Holocene temperature and salinity variations in the western Baltic Sea region: a multi-proxy comparison from the Little Belt (IODP Expedition 347, Site M0059)
The oxic degradation of sedimentary organic matter 1400 Ma constrains atmospheric oxygen levels
Geochemical and microstructural characterisation of two species of cool-water bivalves (Fulvia tenuicostata and Soletellina biradiata) from Western Australia
Ecological response to collapse of the biological pump following the mass extinction at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
Quantifying the Cenozoic marine diatom deposition history: links to the C and Si cycles
Anthropogenically induced environmental changes in the northeastern Adriatic Sea in the last 500 years (Panzano Bay, Gulf of Trieste)
Palaeohydrological changes over the last 50 ky in the central Gulf of Cadiz: complex forcing mechanisms mixing multi-scale processes
Dinocyst assemblage constraints on oceanographic and atmospheric processes in the eastern equatorial Atlantic over the last 44 kyr
Sedimentary response to sea ice and atmospheric variability over the instrumental period off Adélie Land, East Antarctica
Equatorward phytoplankton migration during a cold spell within the Late Cretaceous super-greenhouse
Upwellings mitigated Plio-Pleistocene heat stress for reef corals on the Florida platform (USA)
Millennial changes in North Atlantic oxygen concentrations
Vanishing coccolith vital effects with alleviated carbon limitation
Late Pleistocene glacial–interglacial shell-size–isotope variability in planktonic foraminifera as a function of local hydrography
Coral records of reef-water pH across the central Great Barrier Reef, Australia: assessing the influence of river runoff on inshore reefs
Records of past mid-depth ventilation: Cretaceous ocean anoxic event 2 vs. Recent oxygen minimum zones
Organomineral nanocomposite carbon burial during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2
Non-invasive imaging methods applied to neo- and paleo-ontological cephalopod research
Icehouse–greenhouse variations in marine denitrification
Changes in calcification of coccoliths under stable atmospheric CO2
Southern Hemisphere imprint for Indo-Asian summer monsoons during the last glacial period as revealed by Arabian Sea productivity records
The calcareous nannofossil Prinsiosphaera achieved rock-forming abundances in the latest Triassic of western Tethys: consequences for the δ13C of bulk carbonate
The Little Ice Age: evidence from a sediment record in Gullmar Fjord, Swedish west coast
Nitrogen isotopes in bulk marine sediment: linking seafloor observations with subseafloor records
Quantitative reconstruction of sea-surface conditions over the last 150 yr in the Beaufort Sea based on dinoflagellate cyst assemblages: the role of large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns
Spatial linkages between coral proxies of terrestrial runoff across a large embayment in Madagascar
Sedimentary organic matter and carbonate variations in the Chukchi Borderland in association with ice sheet and ocean-atmosphere dynamics over the last 155 kyr
First discovery of dolomite and magnesite in living coralline algae and its geobiological implications
Assessment of sea surface temperature changes in the Gulf of Cadiz during the last 30 ka: implications for glacial changes in the regional hydrography
Productivity patterns and N-fixation associated with Pliocene-Holocene sapropels: paleoceanographic and paleoecological significance
Twentieth century δ13C variability in surface water dissolved inorganic carbon recorded by coralline algae in the northern North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea
The enigmatic ichnofossil Tisoa siphonalis and widespread authigenic seep carbonate formation during the Late Pliensbachian in southern France
Thibauld M. Béjard, Andrés S. Rigual-Hernández, José A. Flores, Javier P. Tarruella, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Isabel Cacho, Neghar Haghipour, Aidan Hunter, and Francisco J. Sierro
Biogeosciences, 20, 1505–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean Sea is undergoing a rapid and unprecedented environmental change. Planktic foraminifera calcification is affected on different timescales. On seasonal and interannual scales, calcification trends differ according to the species and are linked mainly to sea surface temperatures and carbonate system parameters, while comparison with pre/post-industrial assemblages shows that all three species have reduced their calcification between 10 % to 35 % according to the species.
Pauline Cornuault, Thomas Westerhold, Heiko Pälike, Torsten Bickert, Karl-Heinz Baumann, and Michal Kucera
Biogeosciences, 20, 597–618, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We generated high-resolution records of carbonate accumulation rate from the Miocene to the Quaternary in the tropical Atlantic Ocean to characterize the variability in pelagic carbonate production during warm climates. It follows orbital cycles, responding to local changes in tropical conditions, as well as to long-term shifts in climate and ocean chemistry. These changes were sufficiently large to play a role in the carbon cycle and global climate evolution.
Walid Naciri, Arnoud Boom, Matthew J. Payne, Nicola Browne, Noreen J. Evans, Philip Holdship, Kai Rankenburg, Ramasamy Nagarajan, Bradley J. McDonald, Jennifer McIlwain, and Jens Zinke
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-235, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-235, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we tested the ability of massive boulder-like corals to act as archives of land use in Malaysian Borneo to palliate the lack of accurate instrumental data on deforestation before the 1980s. We used mass spectrometry to measure trace elements ratios in coral cores to use as proxy for sediment in river discharge. Results showed an extremely similar increase between our proxy and the river discharge instrumental record demonstrating the use of these corals as reliable archives.
José Guitián, Miguel Ángel Fuertes, José-Abel Flores, Iván Hernández-Almeida, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 19, 5007–5019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5007-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of environmental conditions on the degree of calcification of marine phytoplankton remains unclear. This study implements a new microscopic approach to quantify the calcification of ancient coccolithophores, using North Atlantic sediments. Results show significant differences in the thickness and shape factor of coccoliths for samples with minimum dissolution, providing the first evaluation of phytoplankton physiology adaptation to million-year-scale variable environmental conditions.
Jeremy N. Bentley, Gregory T. Ventura, Clifford C. Walters, Stefan M. Sievert, and Jeffrey S. Seewald
Biogeosciences, 19, 4459–4477, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4459-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4459-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate the TEX86 (TetraEther indeX of 86 carbon atoms) paleoclimate proxy can become heavily impacted by the ocean floor archaeal community. The impact results from source inputs, their diagenetic and catagenetic alteration, and further overprint by the additions of lipids from the ocean floor sedimentary archaeal community. We then present a method to correct the overprints by using IPLs (intact polar lipids) extracted from both water column and subsurface archaeal communities.
Bryan C. Lougheed and Brett Metcalfe
Biogeosciences, 19, 1195–1209, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements on sea-dwelling shelled organisms called foraminifera retrieved from deep-sea sediment cores have been used to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) variation. To evaluate the method, we use a computer model to simulate millions of single foraminifera and how they become mixed in the sediment after being deposited on the seafloor. We compare the SST inferred from the single foraminifera in the sediment core to the true SST in the water, thus quantifying method uncertainties.
Thore Friesenhagen
Biogeosciences, 19, 777–805, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-777-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-777-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Size measurements of the planktonic foraminifer Globorotalia menardii and related forms are used to investigate the shell-size evolution for the last 8 million years in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean. Long-term changes in the shell size coincide with major climatic, palaeogeographic and palaeoceanographic changes and suggest the occurrence of a new G. menardii type in the Atlantic Ocean ca. 2 million years ago.
Nele Manon Vollmar, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Mariem Saavedra-Pellitero, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 19, 585–612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-585-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-585-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied recent (sub-)fossil remains of a type of algae (coccolithophores) off southernmost Chile and across the Drake Passage, adding to the scarce knowledge that exists in the Southern Ocean, a rapidly changing environment. We found that those can be used to reconstruct the surface ocean conditions in the north but not in the south. We also found variations in shape in the dominant species Emiliania huxleyi depending on the location, indicating subtle adaptations to environmental conditions.
Catherine V. Davis, Karen Wishner, Willem Renema, and Pincelli M. Hull
Biogeosciences, 18, 977–992, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-977-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-977-2021, 2021
Práxedes Muñoz, Lorena Rebolledo, Laurent Dezileau, Antonio Maldonado, Christoph Mayr, Paola Cárdenas, Carina B. Lange, Katherine Lalangui, Gloria Sanchez, Marco Salamanca, Karen Araya, Ignacio Jara, Gabriel Easton, and Marcel Ramos
Biogeosciences, 17, 5763–5785, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5763-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5763-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze marine sedimentary records to study temporal changes in oxygen and productivity in marine waters of central Chile. We observed increasing oxygenation and decreasing productivity from 6000 kyr ago to the modern era that seem to respond to El Niño–Southern Oscillation activity. In the past centuries, deoxygenation and higher productivity are re-established, mainly in the northern zones of Chile and Peru. Meanwhile, in north-central Chile the deoxygenation trend is maintained.
Luka Šupraha and Jorijntje Henderiks
Biogeosciences, 17, 2955–2969, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2955-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2955-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The cell size, degree of calcification and growth rates of coccolithophores impact their role in the carbon cycle and may also influence their adaptation to environmental change. Combining insights from culture experiments and the fossil record, we show that the selection for smaller cells over the past 15 Myr has been a common adaptive trait among different lineages. However, heavily calcified species maintained a more stable biogeochemical output than the ancestral lineage of E. huxleyi.
Niels J. de Winter, Clemens V. Ullmann, Anne M. Sørensen, Nicolas Thibault, Steven Goderis, Stijn J. M. Van Malderen, Christophe Snoeck, Stijn Goolaerts, Frank Vanhaecke, and Philippe Claeys
Biogeosciences, 17, 2897–2922, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2897-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2897-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we present a detailed investigation of the chemical composition of 12 specimens of very well preserved, 78-million-year-old oyster shells from southern Sweden. The chemical data show how the oysters grew, the environment in which they lived and how old they became and also provide valuable information about which chemical measurements we can use to learn more about ancient climate and environment from such shells. In turn, this can help improve climate reconstructions and models.
Hannah M. Palmer, Tessa M. Hill, Peter D. Roopnarine, Sarah E. Myhre, Katherine R. Reyes, and Jonas T. Donnenfield
Biogeosciences, 17, 2923–2937, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2923-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2923-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Modern climate change is causing expansions of low-oxygen zones, with detrimental impacts to marine life. To better predict future ocean oxygen change, we study past expansions and contractions of low-oxygen zones using microfossils of seafloor organisms. We find that, along the San Diego margin, the low-oxygen zone expanded into more shallow water in the last 400 years, but the conditions within and below the low-oxygen zone did not change significantly in the last 1500 years.
Yuanyuan Hong, Moriaki Yasuhara, Hokuto Iwatani, and Briony Mamo
Biogeosciences, 16, 585–604, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-585-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-585-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed microfaunal assemblages in surface sediments from 52 sites in Hong Kong marine waters. We selected 18 species for linear regression modeling to statistically reveal the relationship between species distribution and environmental factors. These results show environmental preferences of commonly distributed species on Asian coasts, providing a robust baseline for past environmental reconstruction of the broad Asian region using microfossils in sediment cores.
Jorge Domingo Carrillo-Briceño, Zoneibe Luz, Austin Hendy, László Kocsis, Orangel Aguilera, and Torsten Vennemann
Biogeosciences, 16, 33–56, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-33-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-33-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
By combining taxonomy and geochemistry, we corroborated the described paleoenvironments from a Neogene fossiliferous deposit of South America. Shark teeth specimens were used for taxonomic identification and as proxies for geochemical analyses. With a multidisciplinary approach we refined the understanding about the paleoenvironmental setting and the paleoecological characteristics of the studied groups, in our case, for the bull shark and its incursions into brackish waters.
Anna Binczewska, Bjørg Risebrobakken, Irina Polovodova Asteman, Matthias Moros, Amandine Tisserand, Eystein Jansen, and Andrzej Witkowski
Biogeosciences, 15, 5909–5928, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5909-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5909-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Primary productivity is an important factor in the functioning and structuring of the coastal ecosystem. Thus, two sediment cores from the Skagerrak (North Sea) were investigated in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of primary productivity changes during the last millennium and identify associated forcing factors (e.g. anthropogenic, climate). The cores were dated and analysed for palaeoproductivity proxies and palaeothermometers.
Sami A. Jokinen, Joonas J. Virtasalo, Tom Jilbert, Jérôme Kaiser, Olaf Dellwig, Helge W. Arz, Jari Hänninen, Laura Arppe, Miia Collander, and Timo Saarinen
Biogeosciences, 15, 3975–4001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3975-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3975-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen deficiency is a major environmental problem deteriorating seafloor habitats especially in the coastal ocean with large human impact. Here we apply a wide set of chemical and physical analyses to a 1500-year long sediment record and show that, although long-term climate variability has modulated seafloor oxygenation in the coastal northern Baltic Sea, the oxygen loss over the 20th century is unprecedentedly severe, emphasizing the need to reduce anthropogenic nutrient input in the future.
Saúl González-Lemos, José Guitián, Miguel-Ángel Fuertes, José-Abel Flores, and Heather M. Stoll
Biogeosciences, 15, 1079–1091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1079-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1079-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide affect ocean chemistry and the ability of marine organisms to manufacture shells from calcium carbonate. We describe a technique to obtain more reproducible measurements of the thickness of calcium carbonate shells made by microscopic marine algae called coccolithophores, which will allow researchers to compare how the shell thickness responds to variations in ocean chemistry in the past and present.
Ulrich Kotthoff, Jeroen Groeneveld, Jeanine L. Ash, Anne-Sophie Fanget, Nadine Quintana Krupinski, Odile Peyron, Anna Stepanova, Jonathan Warnock, Niels A. G. M. Van Helmond, Benjamin H. Passey, Ole Rønø Clausen, Ole Bennike, Elinor Andrén, Wojciech Granoszewski, Thomas Andrén, Helena L. Filipsson, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Caroline P. Slomp, and Thorsten Bauersachs
Biogeosciences, 14, 5607–5632, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5607-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5607-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present reconstructions of paleotemperature, paleosalinity, and paleoecology from the Little Belt (Site M0059) over the past ~ 8000 years and evaluate the applicability of numerous proxies. Conditions were lacustrine until ~ 7400 cal yr BP. A transition to brackish–marine conditions then occurred within ~ 200 years. Salinity proxies rarely allowed quantitative estimates but revealed congruent results, while quantitative temperature reconstructions differed depending on the proxies used.
Shuichang Zhang, Xiaomei Wang, Huajian Wang, Emma U. Hammarlund, Jin Su, Yu Wang, and Donald E. Canfield
Biogeosciences, 14, 2133–2149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2133-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2133-2017, 2017
Liza M. Roger, Annette D. George, Jeremy Shaw, Robert D. Hart, Malcolm Roberts, Thomas Becker, Bradley J. McDonald, and Noreen J. Evans
Biogeosciences, 14, 1721–1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1721-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1721-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The shell compositions of bivalve species from south Western Australia are described here to better understand the factors involved in their formation. The shell composition can be used to reconstruct past environmental conditions, but certain species manifest an offset compared to the environmental parameters measured. As shown here, shells that experience the same conditions can present different compositions in relation to structure, organic composition and environmental conditions.
Johan Vellekoop, Lineke Woelders, Sanem Açikalin, Jan Smit, Bas van de Schootbrugge, Ismail Ö. Yilmaz, Henk Brinkhuis, and Robert P. Speijer
Biogeosciences, 14, 885–900, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-885-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-885-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, ~ 66 Ma, is characterized by a mass extinction. We studied groups of both surface-dwelling and bottom-dwelling organisms to unravel the oceanographic consequences of these extinctions. Our integrated records indicate that a reduction of the transport of organic matter to the sea floor resulted in enhanced recycling of nutrients in the upper water column and decreased food supply at the sea floor in the first tens of thousands of years after the extinctions.
Johan Renaudie
Biogeosciences, 13, 6003–6014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6003-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6003-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Marine planktonic diatoms are today both the main silica and carbon exporter to the deep sea. However, 50 million years ago, radiolarians were the main silica exporter and diatoms were a rare, geographically restricted group. Quantification of their rise to dominance suggest that diatom abundance is primarily controlled by the continental weathering and has a negative feedback, observable on a geological timescale, on the carbon cycle.
Jelena Vidović, Rafał Nawrot, Ivo Gallmetzer, Alexandra Haselmair, Adam Tomašových, Michael Stachowitsch, Vlasta Ćosović, and Martin Zuschin
Biogeosciences, 13, 5965–5981, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5965-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5965-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the ecological history of the Gulf of Trieste. Before the 20th century, the only activity here was ore mining, releasing high amounts of mercury into its northern part, Panzano Bay. Mercury did not cause changes to microorganisms, as it is not bioavailable. In the 20th century, agriculture caused nutrient enrichment in the bay and increased diversity of microorganisms. Industrial activities increased the concentrations of pollutants, causing only minor changes to microorganisms.
Aurélie Penaud, Frédérique Eynaud, Antje Helga Luise Voelker, and Jean-Louis Turon
Biogeosciences, 13, 5357–5377, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5357-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5357-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents new analyses conducted at high resolution in the Gulf of Cadiz over the last 50 ky. Palaeohydrological changes in these subtropical latitudes are discussed through dinoflagellate cyst assemblages but also dinocyst transfer function results, implying sea surface temperature and salinity as well as annual productivity reconstructions. This study is thus important for our understanding of past and future productivity regimes, also implying consequences on the biological pump.
William Hardy, Aurélie Penaud, Fabienne Marret, Germain Bayon, Tania Marsset, and Laurence Droz
Biogeosciences, 13, 4823–4841, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4823-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4823-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Our approach is based on a multi-proxy study from a core collected off the Congo River and discusses surface oceanic conditions (upwelling cells, river-induced upwelling), land–sea interactions and terrestrial erosion and in particular enables us to spatially constrain the migration of atmospheric systems. This paper thus presents new data highlighting, with the highest resolution ever reached in this region, the great correlation between phytoplanktonic organisms and monsoonal mechanisms.
Philippine Campagne, Xavier Crosta, Sabine Schmidt, Marie Noëlle Houssais, Olivier Ther, and Guillaume Massé
Biogeosciences, 13, 4205–4218, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4205-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4205-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Diatoms and biomarkers have been recently used for palaeoclimate reconstructions in the Southern Ocean. Few sediment-based ecological studies have investigated their relationships with environmental conditions. Here, we compare high-resolution sedimentary records with meteorological data to study relationships between our proxies and recent atmospheric and sea surface changes. Our results indicate that coupled wind pattern and sea surface variability act as the proximal forcing at that scale.
Niels A. G. M. van Helmond, Appy Sluijs, Nina M. Papadomanolaki, A. Guy Plint, Darren R. Gröcke, Martin A. Pearce, James S. Eldrett, João Trabucho-Alexandre, Ireneusz Walaszczyk, Bas van de Schootbrugge, and Henk Brinkhuis
Biogeosciences, 13, 2859–2872, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2859-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2859-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past decades large changes have been observed in the biogeographical dispersion of marine life resulting from climate change. To better understand present and future trends it is important to document and fully understand the biogeographical response of marine life during episodes of environmental change in the geological past.
Here we investigate the response of phytoplankton, the base of the marine food web, to a rapid cold spell, interrupting greenhouse conditions during the Cretaceous.
Thomas C. Brachert, Markus Reuter, Stefan Krüger, Julia Kirkerowicz, and James S. Klaus
Biogeosciences, 13, 1469–1489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1469-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1469-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present stable isotope proxy data and calcification records from fossil reef corals. The corals investigated derive from the Florida carbonate platform and are of middle Pliocene to early Pleistocene age. From the data we infer an environment subject to intermittent upwelling on annual to decadal timescales. Calcification rates were enhanced during periods of upwelling. This is likely an effect of dampened SSTs during the upwelling.
B. A. A. Hoogakker, D. J. R. Thornalley, and S. Barker
Biogeosciences, 13, 211–221, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-211-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-211-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Models predict a decrease in future ocean O2, driven by surface water warming and freshening in the polar regions, causing a reduction in ocean circulation. Here we assess this effect in the past, focussing on the response of deep and intermediate waters from the North Atlantic during large-scale ice rafting and millennial-scale cooling events of the last glacial.
Our assessment agrees with the models but also highlights the importance of biological processes driving ocean O2 change.
M. Hermoso, I. Z. X. Chan, H. L. O. McClelland, A. M. C. Heureux, and R. E. M. Rickaby
Biogeosciences, 13, 301–312, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-301-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-301-2016, 2016
B. Metcalfe, W. Feldmeijer, M. de Vringer-Picon, G.-J. A. Brummer, F. J. C. Peeters, and G. M. Ganssen
Biogeosciences, 12, 4781–4807, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4781-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4781-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Iron biogeochemical budgets during the natural ocean fertilisation experiment KEOPS-2 showed that complex circulation and transport pathways were responsible for differences in the mode and strength of iron supply, with vertical supply dominant on the plateau and lateral supply dominant in the plume. The exchange of iron between dissolved, biogenic and lithogenic pools was highly dynamic, resulting in a decoupling of iron supply and carbon export and controlling the efficiency of fertilisation.
J. P. D'Olivo, M. T. McCulloch, S. M. Eggins, and J. Trotter
Biogeosciences, 12, 1223–1236, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1223-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1223-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The boron isotope composition in the skeleton of massive Porites corals from the central Great Barrier Reef is used to reconstruct the seawater pH over the 1940-2009 period. The long-term decline in the coral-reconstructed seawater pH is in close agreement with estimates based on the CO2 uptake by surface waters due to rising atmospheric levels. We also observed a significant relationship between terrestrial runoff data and the inshore coral boron isotopes records.
J. Schönfeld, W. Kuhnt, Z. Erdem, S. Flögel, N. Glock, M. Aquit, M. Frank, and A. Holbourn
Biogeosciences, 12, 1169–1189, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1169-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1169-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Today’s oceans show distinct mid-depth oxygen minima while whole oceanic basins became transiently anoxic in the Mesozoic. To constrain past bottom-water oxygenation, we compared sediments from the Peruvian OMZ with the Cenomanian OAE 2 from Morocco. Corg accumulation rates in laminated OAE 2 sections match Holocene rates off Peru. Laminated deposits are found at oxygen levels of < 7µmol kg-1; crab burrows appear at 10µmol kg-1 today, both defining threshold values for palaeoreconstructions.
S. C. Löhr and M. J. Kennedy
Biogeosciences, 11, 4971–4983, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4971-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4971-2014, 2014
R. Hoffmann, J. A. Schultz, R. Schellhorn, E. Rybacki, H. Keupp, S. R. Gerden, R. Lemanis, and S. Zachow
Biogeosciences, 11, 2721–2739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2721-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2721-2014, 2014
T. J. Algeo, P. A. Meyers, R. S. Robinson, H. Rowe, and G. Q. Jiang
Biogeosciences, 11, 1273–1295, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1273-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1273-2014, 2014
C. Berger, K. J. S. Meier, H. Kinkel, and K.-H. Baumann
Biogeosciences, 11, 929–944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-929-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-929-2014, 2014
T. Caley, S. Zaragosi, J. Bourget, P. Martinez, B. Malaizé, F. Eynaud, L. Rossignol, T. Garlan, and N. Ellouz-Zimmermann
Biogeosciences, 10, 7347–7359, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7347-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7347-2013, 2013
N. Preto, C. Agnini, M. Rigo, M. Sprovieri, and H. Westphal
Biogeosciences, 10, 6053–6068, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6053-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6053-2013, 2013
I. Polovodova Asteman, K. Nordberg, and H. L. Filipsson
Biogeosciences, 10, 1275–1290, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1275-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1275-2013, 2013
J.-E. Tesdal, E. D. Galbraith, and M. Kienast
Biogeosciences, 10, 101–118, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-101-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-101-2013, 2013
L. Durantou, A. Rochon, D. Ledu, G. Massé, S. Schmidt, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 9, 5391–5406, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5391-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5391-2012, 2012
C. A. Grove, J. Zinke, T. Scheufen, J. Maina, E. Epping, W. Boer, B. Randriamanantsoa, and G.-J. A. Brummer
Biogeosciences, 9, 3063–3081, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3063-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3063-2012, 2012
S. F. Rella and M. Uchida
Biogeosciences, 8, 3545–3553, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3545-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3545-2011, 2011
M. C. Nash, U. Troitzsch, B. N. Opdyke, J. M. Trafford, B. D. Russell, and D. I. Kline
Biogeosciences, 8, 3331–3340, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3331-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3331-2011, 2011
A. Penaud, F. Eynaud, A. Voelker, M. Kageyama, F. Marret, J. L. Turon, D. Blamart, T. Mulder, and L. Rossignol
Biogeosciences, 8, 2295–2316, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2295-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2295-2011, 2011
D. Gallego-Torres, F. Martinez-Ruiz, P. A. Meyers, A. Paytan, F. J. Jimenez-Espejo, and M. Ortega-Huertas
Biogeosciences, 8, 415–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-415-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-415-2011, 2011
B. Williams, J. Halfar, R. S. Steneck, U. G. Wortmann, S. Hetzinger, W. Adey, P. Lebednik, and M. Joachimski
Biogeosciences, 8, 165–174, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-165-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-165-2011, 2011
B. van de Schootbrugge, D. Harazim, K. Sorichter, W. Oschmann, J. Fiebig, W. Püttmann, M. Peinl, F. Zanella, B. M. A. Teichert, J. Hoffmann, A. Stadnitskaia, and Y. Rosenthal
Biogeosciences, 7, 3123–3138, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3123-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3123-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Almogi-Labin, A., Hemleben, C., Meischner, D., and Erlenkeuser, H.: Paleoenvironmental events during the last 13,000 years in the Central Red Sea as recorded by Pteropoda, Paleoceanography, 6, 83–98, 1991.
Almogi-Labin, A., Schmiedel, G., Hemleben, C., Siman-Tov, R., Segl, M., and Meischner, D.: The influence of the NE winter monsoon on productivity changes in the Gulf of Aden, NW Arabian Sea, during the last 530 kyr as recorded by foraminifera, Mar. Micropaleontol., 40, 295–319, 2000.
Barker, S. and Elderfield, H.: Foraminiferal calcification response to glacial-interglacial changes in atmospheric CO2, Science, 297, 833–836, 2002.
Bé, A. W. H. and Gilmer, R. W.: A zoogeographic and taxonomic review of Euthecosomatous Pteropoda, in: Oceanic Micropaleontology, edited by: Ramsay, A. T. S., Academic Press, New York, Vol.1, 733–808, 1977.
Berger, W. H.: Deep-sea carbonate and the deglaciation preservation spike in pteropods and foraminifera, Nature, 269, 301–303, 1977.
Berger, W. H.: The Younger Dryas cold spell - a search for causes, Global Planet. Change, 89, 219–237, 1990.
Berner, R. A.: Sedimentation and dissolution of pteropods in the ocean, in: The fate of fossil fuel CO2 in the oceans, edited by: Anderson, N. R. and Malahoff, A., Plenus Press, New York, 243–260, 1977.
Broecker, W. S. and Clark, E.: Carbonate ion concentration in glacial-age deep waters of the Caribbean Sea, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 3, 1–14, https://doi.org/2001GC000231, 2002.
Byrne, R. H., Acker, J. G., Betzer, P. R., Feely, R. A., and Cates, M. H.: Water column dissolution of aragonite in the Pacific Ocean, Nature, 312, 321–326, 1984.
Chen, C.: Pleistocene pteropods in pelagic sediments, Nature, 219, 1145–1149, 1968.
Comeau, S., Gorsky, G., Jeffree, R., Teyssié, J.-L., and Gattuso, J.-P.: Impact of ocean acidification on a key Arctic pelagic mollusc (Limacina helicina), Biogeosciences, 6, 1877–1882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1877-2009, 2009.
Comeau, S., Jeffree, R., Teyssié, J.-L., and Gattuso, J.-P.: Response of the Arctic Pteropod Limacina helicina to Projected Future Environmental Conditions, PLoS ONE, 5, e11362. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011362, 2010a.
Comeau, S., Gorsky, G., Alliouane, S., and Gattuso, J.-P.: Larvae of the pteropod Cavolinia inflexa exposed to aragonite undersaturation are viable but shell-less, Mar. Biol., 157, 2341–2345, 2010b.
Curry, D.: The occurrence of pre-Quaternary pteropods, in: The Micropalaeontology of Oceans, edited by: Funnell, B. M. and Reidel, W. R., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 595, 1971.
de Moel, H., Ganssen, G. M., Peeters, F. J. C., Jung, S. J. A., Kroon, D., Brummer, G. J. A., and Zeebe, R. E.: Planktic foraminiferal shell thinning in the Arabian Sea due to anthropogenic ocean acidification?, Biogeosciences, 6, 1917–1925, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1917-2009, 2009.
Eberli, G. P., Swart, P. K., Malone, M. J., Anselmetti, F. S., Arai, K., Bernet, K. H., Betzler, C., Christensen, B. A., De Carlo, E. H., Déjardin, P. M., Emmanuel, L., Frank, T. D., Haddad, G. A., Isern, A. R., Katz, M. E., Kenter, J. A. M., Kramer, P. A., Kroon, D., McKenzie, J. A., McNeill, D. F., Montgomery, P., Nagihara, S., Pirmez, C., Reijmer, J. J. G., Sato, T., Schovsbo, N. H., Williams, T., and Wright, J. D.: Site 1003, Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, College Station, Texas (Ocean Drilling Program), 166, 71–116, 1997.
Ericson, D. B. and Wollin, G.: Micropaleontological and isotopic determination of Pleistocene climates, Micropaleontology, 2, 257–270, 1956.
Fabry, V. J., Seibel, B. A., Feely, R. A., and Orr, J. C.: Impacts of ocean acidification on fauna and ecosystem processes, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 65, 414–432, 2008.
Feely, R. A., Sabine, C. L., Lee, K., Berelson, W., Kleypas, J., Fabry, V. J., and Millero, F. J.: Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans, Science, 305, 362–366, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1097329, 2004.
Frenzel, B.: The distribution pattern of Holocene climatic change in the Northern Hemisphere, in: Proceedings of the WMO/IAMAP Symposium on Long–Term Climatic Fluctuations, Geneva, convenor: Lamb, H., World Meteorological Organization, 105–118, 1975.
Ganssen, G. M., Troelstra, S. R., Van Der Borg, K., and De Jong, A. M. F.: Late Quaternary pteropod preservation in Eastern North Atlantic sediments in relation to climate change, Radiocarbon, 33, 277–282, 1991.
Gardulski, A. F., Mullins, H. T., and Weiterman, S.: Carbonate mineral cycles generated by foraminiferal and pteropods response to Pleistocene climate: west Florida ramp slope, Sedimentology, 37, 727–743, 1990.
Gerhardt, S. and Henrich, R.: Shell preservation of Limacina inflata (Pteropoda) in surface sediments from the Central and South Atlantic Ocean: a new proxy to determine the aragonite saturation state of water masses, Deep-Sea Res. I, 48, 2051–2071, 2001.
Gerhardt, S., Groth, H., Rühlemann, C., and Henrich, R.: Aragonite preservation in late Quaternary sediment cores on the Brazilian Continental Slope: implications for intermediate water circulation, Int. J. Earth Sci., 88, 607–618, 2000.
Guinotte, J. M. and Fabry, V. J.: Ocean acidification and its potential effects on marine ecosystems, New York Academy of Sciences, 1134, 320–342, 2008.
Haddad, G. A. and Droxler, A. W.: Metastable CaCO3 dissolution at intermediate water depths of the Caribbean and western North Atlantic: implications for intermediate water circulation during the past 200,000 years, Paleoceanography, 11, 701–716, 1996.
Herman, Y.: Vertical and horizontal distribution of pteropods in Quaternary sequences, in: The Micropalaeontology of Oceans, edited by: Funnell, B. M. and Reidel, W. R., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 463–486, 1971.
Hönish, B. and Hemming, N. G.: Surface ocean pH response to variation in pCO2 through two full glacial cycles, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 239, 305–314, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.027, 2005.
Imbrie, J., Hays, J. D., Martinson, D. G., McIntyre, A., and Mix, A. C.: The orbital theory of Pleistocene climate: support from a revised chronology of the marine δ18O record, in: Milankovitch and Climate, edited by: Berger, A. L., Imbrie, J., Hays, J. D., Kukla, G., and Saltzmann, B., Part 1, Reidel, Hingham, MA, 269–305, 1984.
Jones, M. T. and Gislason, S. R.: Rapid releases of metal salts and nutrients following the deposition of volcanic ash into aqueous environments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 72, 3661–3680, 2008.
Jones, M. T., Fisher, J. K., and Palmer, M. R.: Ocean acidification from explosive volcanism as a cause of mass mortality of pteropods, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 73, Supplement 1, A604, 2009.
Kassens, H. and Sarnthein, M.: A link between paleoceanography, early diagenetic cementation and shear strength maxima in Late Quaternary sediments, Paleoceanography, 4, 253–269, 1989.
Klöcker, R. and Henrich, R.: Recent and Late Quaternary pteropod preservation on the Pakistan shelf and continental slope, Marine Geology, 231, 103–111, 2006.
Klöcker, R., Ganssen, G., Jung, S. J. A., Kroon, D., and Henrich, R.: Late Quaternary millennial-scale variability in pelagic aragonite preservation off Somalia, Mar. Micropaleontol., 59, 171–183, 2006.
Lalli, C. M. and Gilmer, R. W.: Pelagic Snails: The biology of holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs, Stanford University Press, California, 1989.
Le Friant, A., Lock, E. J., Hart, M. B., Boudon, G., Sparks, R. S. J., Leng, M. J., Smart, C. W., Komorowski, J. C., Deplus, C., and Fisher, J. K.: Late Pleistocene tephrochronology of marine sediments adjacent to Montserrat, Lesser Antilles volcanic arc, J. Geol. Soc. London, 165, 279–289, 2008.
Messenger, R. W., Hart, M. B., Smart, C. W., Leng, M. J., Lock, E. J., and Howard, A. K.: Pteropod faunas as indicators of Late Pleistocene climate change in the Caribbean Sea, in: Micropalaeontology, Sedimentary Environments and Stratigraphy: A tribute to Dennis Curry (1912–2001), edited by: Whittaker, J. E. and Hart, M. B., The Micropalaeontological Society Special Publications, 17–28, 2010.
Millero, F. J.: Chemical Oceanography, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 1996.
Morse, J. W. and Arvidson, R. S.: The dissolution kinetics of major sedimentary carbonate minerals, Earth-Sci. Rev., 58, 51–84, 2002.
Moy, A. D., Howard, W. R., Bray, S. G., and Trull, T. W.: Reduced calcification in modern Southern Ocean planktonic foraminifera, Nat. Geosci., 2, 276–280, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO460, 2009.
Mucci, A.: The solubility of calcite and aragonite in sea water at various salinities, temperatures and one atmosphere total pressure, Am. J. Sci., 283, 780–799, 1983.
Murray, J. and Renard, A. F.: Deep-sea deposits, Scientific Report of the Challenger Expedition, 1873–1876, 1891.
Orr, J. C., Fabry, V. J., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Feely, R. A., Gnanadesikan, A., Gruber, N., Ishida, A., Joos, F., Key, R. M., Lindsay, K., Maier-Reimer, E., Matear, R., Monfray, P., Mouchet, A., Najjar, R. G., Plattner, G.-K., Rodgers, K. B., Sabine, C. L., Sarmiento, J. L., Schlitzer, R., Slater, R. D., Totterdell, I. J., Weirig, M.-F., Yamanaka, Y., and Yool, A.: Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms, Nature, 437, 681–686, 2005.
Peterson, L. C.: Late Quaternary paleoceanography of the mid-depth Atlantic: Proxy records from the deep Caribbean Sea, Eos Trans. AGU, 71, 1382–1383, 1990.
Peterson, L. C. and Cofer-Shabica, N. B.: Bruhes Cron records of sedimentation and abyssal paleocirculation in the Venezuela Basin, eastern Caribbean sea, GSA, Abstracts with Programs, 19, 804, 1987.
Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N. I., Barnola, J.-M., Basile, I., Benders, M., Chappellaz, J., Davis, M., Delaygue, G., Delmotte, M., Kotlyakov, V. M., Legrand, M., Lipenkov, V. Y., Lorius, C., Pépin, L., Ritz, C., Saltzman, E., and Stievenard, M.: Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica, Nature, 399, 429–436, 1999.
Prell, W. L., Imbrie, J., Martinson, D. G., Morley, J. J., Pisias, N. G., Shackleton, N. J., and Streeter, H. F.: Graphic correlation of oxygen isotope stratigraphy application to the Late Quaternary, Paleoceanography, 1, 137–162, 1986.
Reid, R. P., Carey, S. N., and Ross, D. R.: Late Quaternary sedimentation in the Lesser Antilles island arc, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 108, 78–100, 1996.
Ruddiman, W. F.: Earth's climate past and future, W. H.Freeman & Company, New York, 465 pp., 2001.
Roberts, D., Howard, W. R., Moy, A. D., Roberts, J. L., Trull, T. W., Bray, S. G., and Hopcroft, R. R.: Interannual variability of pteropod shell weights in the high-CO2 Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences Discuss., 5, 4453–4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-5-4453-2008, 2008.
Sanyal, A., Hemming, N. G., Hanson, G. N., and Broecker, W. S.: Evidence for a higher pH in the glacial ocean from boron isotopes in foraminifera, Nature, 373, 234–236, 1995.
Sepulcre, S., Tachikawa, K., Vidal, L., Thouveny, N., and Bard, E.: Preservation state of metastable magnesian calcite in periplatform sediments from the Caribbean Sea over the last million years, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 10, Q11013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gc002779, 2009.
Serre-Bachet, F., and Guiot, J.: Summer temperature changes from tree-rings in the Mediterranean area during the last 800 years, in: Abrupt Climate Change, edited by: Berger, W. H. and Labeyrie, L. D., D. Reidel, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 89–97, 1987.
Sijinkumar, A. V., Nagender Nath, B., and Guptha, M. V. S.: Late Quaternary record of pteropod preservation from the Andaman Sea, Mar. Geol., 275, 221–229, 2010.
The Royal Society: Ocean Acidification Due to Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Policy Document 12/05, The Royal Society, London, UK, 2005.
Turley, C., Eby, M., Ridgwell, A. J., Schmidt, D. N., Brownlee, C., Findlay, H. S., Fabry, V. J., Feely, R. A., Riebesell, U., and Gattuso, J.-P.: The societal challenge of ocean acidification, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 60, 787–792, 2010.
van der Spoel, S.: Pseudothecosomata, Gymnosomata and Heteropoda, Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, 1976.
Wall-Palmer, D., Jones, M. T., Hart, M. B., Fisher, J. K., Smart, C. W., Hembury, D. J., Palmer, M. R., and Fones, G. R.: Explosive volcanism as a cause for mass mortality of pteropods, Mar. Geol., 282, 231–239, 2011.
Wang, L.. Jian, Z.. and Chen, J.: Late Quaternary pteropods in the South China Sea: carbonate preservation and palaeoenvironmental variation, Mar. Micropaleontol., 32, 115–126, 1997.
Yu, J., Elderfield, H., and Hönish, B.: B/Ca in planktonic foraminifera as a proxy for surface water pH, Paleoceanography, 22, PA2202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006PA001347, 2007.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint