Coral mortality induced by the 2015–2016 El-Niño in Indonesia:  the effect of rapid sea level fall

Ampou, Eghbert Elvan; Johan, Ofri; Menkes, Christophe E.; Niño, Fernando; Birol, Florence; Ouillon, Sylvain; Andréfouët, Serge

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-817-2017

Articles | Volume 14, issue 4

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-817-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-817-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 14, issue 4

Research article

|

24 Feb 2017

Research article |

| 24 Feb 2017

Coral mortality induced by the 2015–2016 El-Niño in Indonesia: the effect of rapid sea level fall

Eghbert Elvan Ampou, Ofri Johan, Christophe E. Menkes, Fernando Niño, Florence Birol, Sylvain Ouillon, and Serge Andréfouët

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Final revised paper (published on 24 Feb 2017)
Preprint (discussion started on 09 Sep 2016)

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment

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- Supplement

RC1: 'Comment to "Coral mortality induced by the 2015-2016 El-Niño in Indonesia: the effect of rapid sea level fall"', Anonymous Referee #1, 28 Sep 2016
- AC1: 'Reply to Reviewers 1 and 2', Serge Andrefouet, 21 Dec 2016
RC2: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #2, 25 Nov 2016
- AC2: 'Reply to Reviewers 1 and 2', Serge Andrefouet, 21 Dec 2016

Peer-review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision

ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (Editor review) (30 Dec 2016) by Gerhard Herndl

AR by serge Andrefouet on behalf of the Authors (13 Jan 2017) Author's response Manuscript

ED: Publish as is (03 Feb 2017) by Gerhard Herndl

AR by serge Andrefouet on behalf of the Authors (06 Feb 2017)

Short summary

The 2015–2016 El Niño was the strongest on record and has generated significant coral bleaching and mortality worldwide. In Indonesia, first signs of bleaching were reported in April 2016. However, we show that this El Niño has impacted Indonesian reefs since 2015 through a different process than temperature-induced bleaching. Another El Niño-induced process, sea level fall, is responsible for significant coral mortality on North Sulawesi shallow reefs, and probably throughout Indonesia.