Macromolecular fungal ice nuclei in <i>Fusarium</i>: effects of physical and chemical processing

Kunert, Anna T.; Pöhlker, Mira L.; Tang, Kai; Krevert, Carola S.; Wieder, Carsten; Speth, Kai R.; Hanson, Linda E.; Morris, Cindy E.; Schmale III, David G.; Pöschl, Ulrich; Fröhlich-Nowoisky, Janine

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4647-2019

Articles | Volume 16, issue 23

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4647-2019

© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4647-2019

© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 23

Research article

|

09 Dec 2019

Research article |

| 09 Dec 2019

Macromolecular fungal ice nuclei in Fusarium: effects of physical and chemical processing

Anna T. Kunert, Mira L. Pöhlker, Kai Tang, Carola S. Krevert, Carsten Wieder, Kai R. Speth, Linda E. Hanson, Cindy E. Morris, David G. Schmale III, Ulrich Pöschl, and Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky

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Final revised paper (published on 09 Dec 2019)
Supplement to the final revised paper
Preprint (discussion started on 31 Jul 2019)
Supplement to the preprint

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment

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- Supplement

RC1: 'Kunert et al., Biogeoschiences, 2019, reviewer comments', Anonymous Referee #1, 21 Aug 2019
- AC1: 'Response to Interactive Comment by Anonymous Referee #1', Anna Theresa Kunert, 21 Oct 2019
RC2: 'Interactive comment on “Highly active and stable fungal ice nuclei are widespread among Fusarium species” by Anna T. Kunert et al.', Anonymous Referee #2, 10 Sep 2019
- AC2: 'Response to Interactive Comment by Anonymous Referee #2', Anna Theresa Kunert, 21 Oct 2019
RC3: 'Referee Report on "Highly active and stable fungal ice nuclei are widespread among Fusarium species"', Anonymous Referee #3, 20 Sep 2019
- AC3: 'Response to Interactive Comment by Anonymous Referee #3', Anna Theresa Kunert, 21 Oct 2019

Peer-review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision

ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (02 Nov 2019) by Carol Robinson

AR by Anna Theresa Kunert on behalf of the Authors (04 Nov 2019) Author's response Manuscript

ED: Publish as is (07 Nov 2019) by Carol Robinson

AR by Anna Theresa Kunert on behalf of the Authors (07 Nov 2019)

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Short summary

A screening of more than 100 strains from 65 different species revealed that the ice nucleation activity within the fungal genus Fusarium is more widespread than previously assumed. Filtration experiments suggest that the single cell-free Fusarium IN is smaller than 100 kDa (~ 6 nm) and that aggregates can be formed in solution. Exposure experiments, freeze–thaw cycles, and long-term storage tests demonstrate a high stability of Fusarium IN under atmospherically relevant conditions.