Articles | Volume 16, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4647-2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4647-2019
Research article
 | 
09 Dec 2019
Research article |  | 09 Dec 2019

Macromolecular fungal ice nuclei in Fusarium: effects of physical and chemical processing

Anna T. Kunert, Mira L. Pöhlker, Kai Tang, Carola S. Krevert, Carsten Wieder, Kai R. Speth, Linda E. Hanson, Cindy E. Morris, David G. Schmale III, Ulrich Pöschl, and Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky

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Cited articles

Amato, P., Parazols, M., Sancelme, M., Laj, P., Mailhot, G., and Delort, A. M.: Microorganisms isolated from the water phase of tropospheric clouds at the Puy de Dôme: Major groups and growth abilities at low temperatures, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 59, 242–254, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00199.x, 2007. a
Aoki, T., O'Donnell, K., and Ichikawa, K.: Fusarium fractiflexum sp. nov. and two other species within the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex recently discovered in Japan that form aerial conidia in false heads, Mycoscience, 42, 461–478, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02464343, 2001. a
Berge, O., Monteil, C. L., Bartoli, C., Chandeysson, C., Guilbaud, C., Sands, D. C., and Morris, C. E.: A User's Guide to a Data Base of the Diversity of Pseudomonas syringae and Its Application to Classifying Strains in This Phylogenetic Complex, PLoS One, 9, e105547, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105547, 2014. a
Borduas-Dedekind, N., Ossola, R., David, R. O., Boynton, L. S., Weichlinger, V., Kanji, Z. A., and McNeill, K.: Photomineralization mechanism changes the ability of dissolved organic matter to activate cloud droplets and to nucleate ice crystals, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12397–12412, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12397-2019, 2019. a
Budke, C. and Koop, T.: BINARY: an optical freezing array for assessing temperature and time dependence of heterogeneous ice nucleation, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 689–703, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-689-2015, 2015. a
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Short summary
A screening of more than 100 strains from 65 different species revealed that the ice nucleation activity within the fungal genus Fusarium is more widespread than previously assumed. Filtration experiments suggest that the single cell-free Fusarium IN is smaller than 100 kDa (~ 6 nm) and that aggregates can be formed in solution. Exposure experiments, freeze–thaw cycles, and long-term storage tests demonstrate a high stability of Fusarium IN under atmospherically relevant conditions.
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