Articles | Volume 19, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2683-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2683-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
31 May 2022
Research article |
| 31 May 2022
| 31 May 2022
Sources of nitrous oxide and the fate of mineral nitrogen in subarctic permafrost peat soils
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of
Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
Natural Science Building, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Maija E. Marushchak
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of
Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of
Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä,
Finland
Tobias Rütting
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 460, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
Elizabeth M. Baggs
Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The Royal (Dick)
School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus,
Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
Tibisay Pérez
Centro de Ciencias Atmosféricas y Biogeoquímica (IVIC), Aptdo
20634, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
Alexander Novakovskiy
Institute of Biology, Komi SC UB RAS, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
Tatiana Trubnikova
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of
Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
Dmitry Kaverin
Institute of Biology, Komi SC UB RAS, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
Pertti J. Martikainen
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of
Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
Christina Biasi
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of
Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
Related authors
No articles found.
Nathalie Ylenia Triches, Jan Engel, Abdullah Bolek, Timo Vesala, Maija E. Marushchak, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Martin Heimann, and Mathias Göckede
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 3407–3424, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3407-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3407-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from a nutrient-poor sub-Arctic peatland. N2O is a potent greenhouse gas; understanding its fluxes is essential for addressing global warming. Using a new instrument and flux chambers, we introduce a system to reliably detect low N2O fluxes and provide recommendations on chamber closure times and flux calculation methods to better quantify N2O fluxes. We encourage researchers to further investigate N2O fluxes in low-nutrient environments.
Aurora Patchett, Louise Rütting, Tobias Rütting, Samuel Bodé, Sara Hallin, Jaanis Juhanson, C. Florian Stange, Mats P. Björkman, Pascal Boeckx, Gunhild Rosqvist, and Robert G. Björk
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2179, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2179, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how different types of fungi and plant species affect nitrogen cycling in Arctic soils. By removing certain plants, we found that fungi associated with shrubs speed up nitrogen processes more than those with grasses. Dominant plant species enhance nitrogen recycling, while rare species increase nitrogen loss. These findings help predict how Arctic ecosystems respond to climate change, highlighting the importance of fungi and plant diversity in regulating ecosystem processes.
Katharina Jentzsch, Elisa Männistö, Maija E. Marushchak, Aino Korrensalo, Lona van Delden, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Christian Knoblauch, and Claire C. Treat
Biogeosciences, 21, 3761–3788, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3761-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3761-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
During cold seasons, methane release from northern wetlands is important but often underestimated. We studied a boreal bog to understand methane emissions in spring and fall. At cold temperatures, methane release decreases due to lower production rates, but efficient methane transport through plant structures, decaying plants, and the release of methane stored in the pore water keep emissions ongoing. Understanding these seasonal processes can improve models for methane release in cold climates.
Anna-Maria Virkkala, Pekka Niittynen, Julia Kemppinen, Maija E. Marushchak, Carolina Voigt, Geert Hensgens, Johanna Kerttula, Konsta Happonen, Vilna Tyystjärvi, Christina Biasi, Jenni Hultman, Janne Rinne, and Miska Luoto
Biogeosciences, 21, 335–355, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-335-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-335-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O are important for climate feedbacks. We combined extensive in situ measurements and remote sensing data to develop machine-learning models to predict GHG fluxes at a 2 m resolution across a tundra landscape. The analysis revealed that the system was a net GHG sink and showed widespread CH4 uptake in upland vegetation types, almost surpassing the high wetland CH4 emissions at the landscape scale.
Anna-Maria Virkkala, Susan M. Natali, Brendan M. Rogers, Jennifer D. Watts, Kathleen Savage, Sara June Connon, Marguerite Mauritz, Edward A. G. Schuur, Darcy Peter, Christina Minions, Julia Nojeim, Roisin Commane, Craig A. Emmerton, Mathias Goeckede, Manuel Helbig, David Holl, Hiroki Iwata, Hideki Kobayashi, Pasi Kolari, Efrén López-Blanco, Maija E. Marushchak, Mikhail Mastepanov, Lutz Merbold, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Matthias Peichl, Torsten Sachs, Oliver Sonnentag, Masahito Ueyama, Carolina Voigt, Mika Aurela, Julia Boike, Gerardo Celis, Namyi Chae, Torben R. Christensen, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Sigrid Dengel, Han Dolman, Colin W. Edgar, Bo Elberling, Eugenie Euskirchen, Achim Grelle, Juha Hatakka, Elyn Humphreys, Järvi Järveoja, Ayumi Kotani, Lars Kutzbach, Tuomas Laurila, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Yojiro Matsuura, Gesa Meyer, Mats B. Nilsson, Steven F. Oberbauer, Sang-Jong Park, Roman Petrov, Anatoly S. Prokushkin, Christopher Schulze, Vincent L. St. Louis, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, William Quinton, Andrej Varlagin, Donatella Zona, and Viacheslav I. Zyryanov
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 179–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The effects of climate warming on carbon cycling across the Arctic–boreal zone (ABZ) remain poorly understood due to the relatively limited distribution of ABZ flux sites. Fortunately, this flux network is constantly increasing, but new measurements are published in various platforms, making it challenging to understand the ABZ carbon cycle as a whole. Here, we compiled a new database of Arctic–boreal CO2 fluxes to help facilitate large-scale assessments of the ABZ carbon cycle.
Kirsty C. Paterson, Joanna M. Cloy, Robert M. Rees, Elizabeth M. Baggs, Hugh Martineau, Dario Fornara, Andrew J. Macdonald, and Sarah Buckingham
Biogeosciences, 18, 605–620, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-605-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-605-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon sequestration across agroecosystems worldwide can contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change by reducing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The maximum carbon sequestration potential is frequently estimated using the linear regression equation developed by Hassink (1997). This work examines the suitability of this equation for use in grasslands across the United Kingdom. The results highlight the need to ensure the fit of equations to the soils being studied.
Marja Maljanen, Heli Yli-Moijala, Bjarni Didrik Sigurdsson, and Christina Biasi
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-213, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-213, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the proportion of biotic and abiotic CO2 fluxes from soil using static chamber method and stable isotope approach from a geothermally warmed area in southern Iceland. These sites can be used cost efficiently to study the effects of soil warming on the ecosystem. However, our study showed that a significant amount of CO2 emitted from the higher warming levels can have non-biotic origin and this has to be taken into account when measuring respiration fluxes on such volcanic sites.
Hongxing He, Astrid Meyer, Per-Erik Jansson, Magnus Svensson, Tobias Rütting, and Leif Klemedtsson
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 725–751, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-725-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-725-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) have shown a major impact on forest C and N cycles, but are currently neglected in most ecosystem models. We thus implemented the previously developed ectomycorrhizal fungi model, MYCOFON, into a well-established ecosystem model, CoupModel. This paper describes the key components and features of Coup-MYCOFON. The new version of CoupModel can now simulate C and N fluxes and pools, explicitly accounting for links and feedbacks among plant, soil, and ECM.
Torsten Diem, Nicholas J. Morley, Adan Julian Ccahuana Quispe, Lidia Priscila Huaraca Quispe, Elizabeth M. Baggs, Patrick Meir, Mark I. A. Richards, Pete Smith, and Yit Arn Teh
Biogeosciences, 14, 5077–5097, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5077-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5077-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Montane ecosystems in the southern Peruvian Andes were atmospheric sources of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide, exceeding prior emissions estimates from bottom-up process models. Nitrous oxide flux originated primarily from nitrate reduction. Nitrous oxide fluxes showed an inverse trend with elevation, and only weak evidence of seasonal variability. Nitrous oxide fluxes were influenced by the availability of nitrate and soil moisture content, but were not predicted by inputs of labile carbon.
Mari Pihlatie, Üllar Rannik, Sami Haapanala, Olli Peltola, Narasinha Shurpali, Pertti J. Martikainen, Saara Lind, Niina Hyvönen, Perttu Virkajärvi, Mark Zahniser, and Ivan Mammarella
Biogeosciences, 13, 5471–5485, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5471-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5471-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The sources and sinks of carbon monoxide (CO) in the biosphere are poorly understood. We report the first continuous data series of CO fluxes measured by eddy covariance method in an agricultural bioenergy crop. The CO fluxes were seasonally and diurnally variable demonstrating the parallel consumption and production processes. Radiation was the main driver of CO emissions, and the eddy covariance method was demonstrated as suitable for linking short-term flux dynamics to environmental drivers.
Saara E. Lind, Narasinha J. Shurpali, Olli Peltola, Ivan Mammarella, Niina Hyvönen, Marja Maljanen, Mari Räty, Perttu Virkajärvi, and Pertti J. Martikainen
Biogeosciences, 13, 1255–1268, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1255-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1255-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We showed that the reed canary grass (RCG) was environmentally friendly from the CO2 balance point of view when cultivated on this mineral soil. When compared to the earlier findings on the same crop on organic soil site, the capacity of the crop to withdraw atmospheric CO2 was even stronger on the present mineral soil site than that on the organic soil site. For full estimation of the climatic impacts of this bioenergy system, a life cycle assessment will be needed.
M. E. Marushchak, T. Friborg, C. Biasi, M. Herbst, T. Johansson, I. Kiepe, M. Liimatainen, S. E. Lind, P. J. Martikainen, T. Virtanen, H. Soegaard, and N. J. Shurpali
Biogeosciences, 13, 597–608, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-597-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-597-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic region is experiencing an unprecedented rise in permafrost temperatures leading to permafrsot thawing with dire implications for ecosystem structure and functioning. Therefore, it imperative to understand the behaviour of Arctic ecosystems under present climatic conditions so that we are equipped with the information to predict their future behaviour. This study presents field data on methane exchange from Seida, located in NW Siberia, Russia measured using various biogeochemical tools.
M. E. Marushchak, I. Kiepe, C. Biasi, V. Elsakov, T. Friborg, T. Johansson, H. Soegaard, T. Virtanen, and P. J. Martikainen
Biogeosciences, 10, 437–452, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-437-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-437-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Greenhouse Gases
Observations of methane net sinks in the upland Arctic tundra
Intercomparison of biogenic CO2 flux models in four urban parks in the city of Zurich
CO2 flux characteristics of the open savanna and its response to environmental factors in the dry–hot valley of Jinsha River, China
Rising Arctic seas and thawing permafrost: uncovering the carbon cycle impact in a thermokarst lagoon system in the outer Mackenzie Delta, Canada
Modelling decadal trends and the impact of extreme events on carbon fluxes in a temperate deciduous forest using a terrestrial biosphere model
Surface CO2 gradients challenge conventional CO2 emission quantification in lentic water bodies under calm conditions
Spatiotemporal variability of CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes from a semi-deciduous tropical forest soil in the Congo Basin
Organic soil carbon balance in drained and undrained hemiboreal forests
Eddy-covariance fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O in a drained peatland forest after clear-cutting
Eddy covariance evaluation of ecosystem fluxes at a temperate saltmarsh in Victoria, Australia, shows large CO2 uptake
Interferences caused by the biogeochemical methane cycle in peats during the assessment of abandoned oil wells
Carbon sequestration in different urban vegetation types in Southern Finland
Groundwater-CO2 Emissions Relationship in Dutch Peatlands Derived by Machine Learning Using Airborne and Ground-Based Eddy Covariance Data
Proglacial methane emissions driven by meltwater and groundwater flushing in a high-Arctic glacial catchment
Technical Note: Pondi – a low-cost logger for long-term monitoring of methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide in aquatic and terrestrial systems
Seasonal and interannual variability in CO2 fluxes in southern Africa seen by GOSAT
Environmental drivers constraining the seasonal variability of satellite-observed methane at Northern high latitudes
Aquatic metabolism influences temporal variations of water carbon and atmospheric carbon dioxide fluxes in a temperate salt marsh
Water chemistry and greenhouse gas concentrations in waterbodies of a thawing permafrost peatland complex in northern Norway
Air temperature and precipitation constraining the modelled wetland methane emissions in a boreal region in northern Europe
Ensemble estimates of global wetland methane emissions over 2000–2020
Seasonal carbon fluxes from vegetation and soil in a Mediterranean non-tidal salt marsh
Explainable machine learning for modeling of net ecosystem exchange in boreal forests
Dynamics of CO2 and CH4 fluxes in Red Sea mangrove soils
Inferring methane emissions from African livestock by fusing drone, tower, and satellite data
Reduced microbial respiration sensitivity to soil moisture following long-term N fertilization enhances soil C retention in a boreal Scots pine forest
Nitrous oxide (N2O) in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania
Technical note: A low-cost, automatic soil–plant–atmosphere enclosure system to investigate CO2 and evapotranspiration flux dynamics
Reviews and syntheses: Contribution of sulfate to methane oxidation in upland soils: a mini-review
Tidal influence on carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from tree stems and soils in mangrove forests
Drought conditions disrupt atmospheric carbon uptake in a Mediterranean saline lake
Physicochemical perturbation increases nitrous oxide production from denitrification in soils and sediments
Carbon degradation and mobilisation potentials of thawing permafrost peatlands in northern Norway inferred from laboratory incubations
Saturating response of photosynthesis to increasing leaf area index allows selective harvest of trees without affecting forest productivity
Seasonal dynamics and regional distribution patterns of CO2 and CH4 in the north-eastern Baltic Sea
Interannual and seasonal variability of the air–sea CO2 exchange at Utö in the coastal region of the Baltic Sea
CO2 emissions of drained coastal peatlands in the Netherlands and potential emission reduction by water infiltration systems
Influence of wind strength and direction on diffusive methane fluxes and atmospheric methane concentrations above the North Sea
Using eddy covariance observations to determine the carbon sequestration characteristics of subalpine forests in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Isotopomer labeling and oxygen dependence of hybrid nitrous oxide production
The emission of CO from tropical rainforest soils
Modelling CO2 and N2O emissions from soils in silvopastoral systems of the West African Sahelian band
A case study on topsoil removal and rewetting for paludiculture: effect on biogeochemistry and greenhouse gas emissions from Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, and Azolla filiculoides
Methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from two clear-water and two turbid-water urban ponds in Brussels (Belgium)
Assessing improvements in global ocean pCO2 machine learning reconstructions with Southern Ocean autonomous sampling
Timescale dependence of airborne fraction and underlying climate–carbon-cycle feedbacks for weak perturbations in CMIP5 models
Technical note: Preventing CO2 overestimation from mercuric or copper(II) chloride preservation of dissolved greenhouse gases in freshwater samples
Exploring temporal and spatial variation of nitrous oxide flux using several years of peatland forest automatic chamber data
Diurnal versus spatial variability of greenhouse gas emissions from an anthropogenically modified lowland river in Germany
Regional assessment and uncertainty analysis of carbon and nitrogen balances at cropland scale using the ecosystem model LandscapeDNDC
Antonio Donateo, Daniela Famulari, Donato Giovannelli, Arturo Mariani, Mauro Mazzola, Stefano Decesari, and Gianluca Pappaccogli
Biogeosciences, 22, 2889–2908, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2889-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2889-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on measurements of CO2 and CH4 turbulent fluxes in tundra ecosystems in the Svalbard islands over a 2-year period. Our results reveal dynamic interactions between climatic conditions and ecosystem activities such as photosynthesis and microbial activity. In summer, photosynthesis and microbial activity increase, leading to net carbon uptake and methane consumption. Wind influences soil drying and CH4 emissions. Thermal anomalies can reduce annual carbon uptake.
Stavros Stagakis, Dominik Brunner, Junwei Li, Leif Backman, Anni Karvonen, Lionel Constantin, Leena Järvi, Minttu Havu, Jia Chen, Sophie Emberger, and Liisa Kulmala
Biogeosciences, 22, 2133–2161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2133-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2133-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The balance between CO2 uptake and emissions from urban green areas is still not well understood. This study evaluated for the first time the urban park CO2 exchange simulations with four different types of biosphere model by comparing them with observations. Even though some advantages and disadvantages of the different model types were identified, there was no strong evidence that more complex models performed better than simple ones.
Chaolei Yang, Yufeng Tian, Jingqi Cui, Guangxiong He, Jingyuan Li, Canfeng Li, Haichuang Duan, Zong Wei, Liu Yan, Xin Xia, Yong Huang, Aihua Jiang, and Yuwen Feng
Biogeosciences, 22, 2097–2114, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2097-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2097-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the influence of extreme-drought events in southwest China, the carbon sequestration capacity of the open savanna in the dry–hot valley of the Jinsha River has been significantly diminished, with soil water content being the key environmental factor governing CO2 flux. Under the climate scenario where the frequency and severity of extreme droughts are expected to continue increasing, the CO2 emissions from the open savanna are also anticipated to rise persistently.
Maren Jenrich, Juliane Wolter, Susanne Liebner, Christian Knoblauch, Guido Grosse, Fiona Giebeler, Dustin Whalen, and Jens Strauss
Biogeosciences, 22, 2069–2086, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2069-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2069-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Climate warming in the Arctic is causing the erosion of permafrost coasts and the transformation of permafrost lakes into lagoons. To understand how this affects greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, we studied carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) production in lagoons with varying sea connections. Younger lagoons produce more CH₄, while CO₂ increases under more marine conditions. Flooding of permafrost lowlands due to rising sea levels may lead to higher GHG emissions from Arctic coasts in future.
Tea Thum, Tuuli Miinalainen, Outi Seppälä, Holly Croft, Cheryl Rogers, Ralf Staebler, Silvia Caldararu, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 22, 1781–1807, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1781-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1781-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change has the potential to influence the carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems, and here the nitrogen cycle is also important. We used the terrestrial biosphere model QUINCY (QUantifying Interactions between terrestrial Nutrient CYcles and the climate system) in a mixed deciduous forest in Canada. We investigated the usefulness of using the leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll content to improve the parameterization of the model. This work paves the way for using spaceborne observations in model parameterizations, also including information on the nitrogen cycle.
Patrick Aurich, Uwe Spank, and Matthias Koschorreck
Biogeosciences, 22, 1697–1709, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1697-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1697-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes can be sources and sinks of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. The gas exchange between the atmosphere and the water can be measured by taking gas samples from them. However, the depth of water samples is not well defined, which may cause errors. We hypothesized that gradients of CO2 concentrations develop under the surface when wind speeds are very low. Our measurements show that such a gradient can occur on calm nights, potentially shifting lakes from a CO2 sink to a source.
Roxanne Daelman, Marijn Bauters, Matti Barthel, Emmanuel Bulonza, Lodewijk Lefevre, José Mbifo, Johan Six, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Benjamin Wolf, Ralf Kiese, and Pascal Boeckx
Biogeosciences, 22, 1529–1542, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1529-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1529-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The increase in atmospheric concentrations of several greenhouse gases (GHGs) since 1750 is attributed to human activity. However, natural ecosystems, such as tropical forests, also contribute to GHG budgets. The Congo Basin hosts the second largest tropical forest and is understudied. In this study, measurements of soil GHG exchange were carried out during 16 months in a tropical forest in the Congo Basin. Overall, the soil acted as a major source of CO2 and N2O and a minor sink of CH4.
Aldis Butlers, Raija Laiho, Andis Lazdiņš, Thomas Schindler, Kaido Soosaar, Jyrki Jauhiainen, Arta Bārdule, Muhammad Kamil-Sardar, Ieva Līcīte, Valters Samariks, Andreas Haberl, Hanna Vahter, Dovilė Čiuldienė, Jani Anttila, and Kęstutis Armolaitis
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1032, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1032, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A two-year study in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania evaluated the carbon balance of drained and undrained nutrient-rich forest organic soils, ranging from highly mineralized soils close to the threshold of organic soil definition to deep peat. The soils varied in pH, macronutrient levels, and C:N ratio, which contributed to the observed behavior of the soils demonstrating carbon sink and source dynamics under both drained and undrained conditions.
Olli-Pekka Tikkasalo, Olli Peltola, Pavel Alekseychik, Juha Heikkinen, Samuli Launiainen, Aleksi Lehtonen, Qian Li, Eduardo Martínez-García, Mikko Peltoniemi, Petri Salovaara, Ville Tuominen, and Raisa Mäkipää
Biogeosciences, 22, 1277–1300, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1277-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1277-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured from a clear-cut peatland forest site. The measurements covered the whole year of 2022, which was the second growing season after the clear-cut. The site was a strong GHG source, and the highest emissions came from CO2, followed by N2O and CH4. A statistical model that included information on different surfaces at the site was developed to unravel surface-type-specific GHG fluxes.
Ruth Reef, Edoardo Daly, Tivanka Anandappa, Eboni-Jane Vienna-Hallam, Harriet Robertson, Matthew Peck, and Adrien Guyot
Biogeosciences, 22, 1149–1162, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1149-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1149-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Studies show that saltmarshes excel at capturing carbon from the atmosphere. In this study, we measured CO2 flux in an Australian temperate saltmarsh on French Island. The temperate saltmarsh exhibited strong seasonality. During the warmer growing season, the saltmarsh absorbed 10.5 g CO2 m−2 on average daily from the atmosphere. Even in winter, when plants were dormant, it continued to be a CO2 sink, albeit a smaller one. Cool temperatures and high cloud cover inhibit carbon sequestration.
Sebastian F. A. Jordan, Stefan Schloemer, Martin Krüger, Tanja Heffner, Marcus A. Horn, and Martin Blumenberg
Biogeosciences, 22, 809–830, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-809-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-809-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using a multilayer approach, we studied the methane flux, soil gas composition, and isotopic signatures of soil methane and carbon dioxide at eight cut and buried abandoned oil wells in a peat-rich area of northern Germany. The detected methane emissions were of biogenic, peat origin and were not associated with the abandoned wells. Additional microbial analysis and methane oxidation rate measurements demonstrated a high methane emission mitigation potential in the studied peat soils.
Laura Thölix, Leif Backman, Minttu Havu, Esko Karvinen, Jesse Soininen, Justine Trémeau, Olli Nevalainen, Joyson Ahongshangbam, Leena Järvi, and Liisa Kulmala
Biogeosciences, 22, 725–749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-725-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-725-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Cities aim for carbon neutrality and seek to understand urban vegetation's role as a carbon sink. Direct measurements are challenging, so models are used to estimate the urban carbon cycle. We evaluated model performance at estimating carbon sequestration in lawns, park trees, and urban forests in Helsinki, Finland. Models captured seasonal and annual variations well. Trees had higher sequestration rates than lawns, and irrigation often enhanced carbon sinks.
Laura M. van der Poel, Laurent V. Bataille, Bart Kruijt, Wietse Franssen, Wilma Jans, Jan Biermann, Anne Rietman, Alex J. V. Buzacott, Ype van der Velde, Ruben Boelens, and Ronald W. A. Hutjes
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-431, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-431, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We combine two types of carbon dioxide (CO2) data from Dutch peatlands in a machine learning model: from fixed measurement towers and from a light research aircraft. We find that emissions increase with deeper water table depths (WTD) by 4.6 tonnes CO2 per hectare per year, per 10 cm deeper WTD on average. The effect is stronger in winter than in summer and varies between locations. This variability should be taken into account when developing mitigation measures.
Gabrielle E. Kleber, Leonard Magerl, Alexandra V. Turchyn, Stefan Schloemer, Mark Trimmer, Yizhu Zhu, and Andrew Hodson
Biogeosciences, 22, 659–674, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-659-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-659-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our research on Svalbard shows that glacier melt rivers can transport large amounts of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. By studying a glacier over one summer, we found that its river was highly concentrated in methane, suggesting that rivers could provide a significant source of methane emissions as the Arctic warms and glaciers melt. This is the first time such emissions have been measured on Svalbard, indicating a wider environmental concern as such processes are occurring across the Arctic.
Martino E. Malerba, Blake Edwards, Lukas Schuster, Omosalewa Odebiri, Josh Glen, Rachel Kelly, Paul Phan, Alistair Grinham, and Peter I. Macreadie
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/54rd2, https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/54rd2, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Pondi is a cost-effective, lightweight logger designed for long-term monitoring of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. It addresses key challenges in greenhouse gas monitoring by providing an automated, low-cost, solar-powered solution with cloud connectivity and real-time analytics. Its robust design enables deployment in diverse environmental conditions, supporting large-scale, high-resolution emission assessments.
Eva-Marie Metz, Sanam Noreen Vardag, Sourish Basu, Martin Jung, and André Butz
Biogeosciences, 22, 555–584, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-555-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-555-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate CO2 fluxes in semiarid southern Africa from 2009 to 2018 based on satellite CO2 measurements and atmospheric inverse modeling. By selecting process-based vegetation models, which agree with the satellite CO2 fluxes, we find that soil respiration mainly drives the seasonality, whereas photosynthesis substantially influences the interannual variability. Our study emphasizes the need for better representation of the response of semiarid ecosystems to soil rewetting in vegetation models.
Ella Kivimäki, Tuula Aalto, Michael Buchwitz, Kari Luojus, Jouni Pulliainen, Kimmo Rautiainen, Oliver Schneising, Anu-Maija Sundström, Johanna Tamminen, Aki Tsuruta, and Hannakaisa Lindqvist
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-249, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-249, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate how environmental variables influencing natural methane fluxes explain the large-scale seasonal variability of satellite-observed methane at Northern high latitudes. Our findings show that soil moisture, snow cover, and soil temperature have the strongest influence, with snowmelt playing a surprisingly significant role, likely through soil isolation and wetting. This study highlights the value of multi-satellite observations for understanding large-scale wetland emissions.
Jérémy Mayen, Pierre Polsenaere, Aurore Regaudie de Gioux, Jonathan Deborde, Karine Collin, Yoann Le Merrer, Élodie Foucault, Vincent Ouisse, Laurent André, Marie Arnaud, Pierre Kostyrka, Éric Lamaud, Gwenaël Abril, and Philippe Souchu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-335, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-335, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In a salt marsh, we performed seasonal 24-h cycles to look for aquatic metabolism influence on water carbon dynamics and net ecosystem CO2 exchanges (NEE). From high to low tide in winter, marsh anaerobic respiration induced the highest levels of dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity. On the contrary, in spring and summer, marsh primary production led to CO2-depleted water exportations downstream. Aquatic heterotrophy at high tide can influence NEE during the highest immersion levels only.
Jacqueline Kay Knutson, François Clayer, Peter Dörsch, Sebastian Westermann, and Heleen A. de Wit
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-184, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-184, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Thawing permafrost at Iškoras in northern Norway is transforming peat plateaus into thermokarst ponds and wetlands. These small ponds show striking oversaturation of dissolved greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), partly due to organic matter processing. Streams nearby emit CO2 driven by turbulence. As permafrost disappears, carbon dynamics will change, potentially increasing emissions of CH4. This study highlights the need to integrate these changes into climate models.
Tuula Aalto, Aki Tsuruta, Jarmo Mäkelä, Jurek Müller, Maria Tenkanen, Eleanor Burke, Sarah Chadburn, Yao Gao, Vilma Mannisenaho, Thomas Kleinen, Hanna Lee, Antti Leppänen, Tiina Markkanen, Stefano Materia, Paul A. Miller, Daniele Peano, Olli Peltola, Benjamin Poulter, Maarit Raivonen, Marielle Saunois, David Wårlind, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 22, 323–340, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-323-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-323-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Wetland methane responses to temperature and precipitation were studied in a boreal wetland-rich region in northern Europe using ecosystem models, atmospheric inversions, and upscaled flux observations. The ecosystem models differed in their responses to temperature and precipitation and in their seasonality. However, multi-model means, inversions, and upscaled fluxes had similar seasonality, and they suggested co-limitation by temperature and precipitation.
Zhen Zhang, Benjamin Poulter, Joe R. Melton, William J. Riley, George H. Allen, David J. Beerling, Philippe Bousquet, Josep G. Canadell, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Philippe Ciais, Nicola Gedney, Peter O. Hopcroft, Akihiko Ito, Robert B. Jackson, Atul K. Jain, Katherine Jensen, Fortunat Joos, Thomas Kleinen, Sara H. Knox, Tingting Li, Xin Li, Xiangyu Liu, Kyle McDonald, Gavin McNicol, Paul A. Miller, Jurek Müller, Prabir K. Patra, Changhui Peng, Shushi Peng, Zhangcai Qin, Ryan M. Riggs, Marielle Saunois, Qing Sun, Hanqin Tian, Xiaoming Xu, Yuanzhi Yao, Yi Xi, Wenxin Zhang, Qing Zhu, Qiuan Zhu, and Qianlai Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 22, 305–321, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-305-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-305-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses global methane emissions from wetlands between 2000 and 2020 using multiple models. We found that wetland emissions increased by 6–7 Tg CH4 yr-1 in the 2010s compared to the 2000s. Rising temperatures primarily drove this increase, while changes in precipitation and CO2 levels also played roles. Our findings highlight the importance of wetlands in the global methane budget and the need for continuous monitoring to understand their impact on climate change.
Lorena Carrasco-Barea, Dolors Verdaguer, Maria Gispert, Xavier D. Quintana, Hélène Bourhis, and Laura Llorens
Biogeosciences, 22, 289–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-289-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-289-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon dioxide fluxes have been measured seasonally in four plant species in a Mediterranean non-tidal salt marsh, highlighting the high carbon removal potential that these species have. Carbon dioxide and methane emissions from soil showed high variability among the habitats studied, and they were generally higher than those observed in tidal salt marshes. Our results are important for making more accurate predictions regarding carbon emissions from these ecosystems.
Ekaterina Ezhova, Topi Laanti, Anna Lintunen, Pasi Kolari, Tuomo Nieminen, Ivan Mammarella, Keijo Heljanko, and Markku Kulmala
Biogeosciences, 22, 257–288, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-257-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-257-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Machine learning (ML) models are gaining popularity in biogeosciences. They are applied as gap-filling methods and used to upscale carbon fluxes to larger areas. Here we use explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods to elucidate the performance of machine learning models for carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal forests. We show that statistically equal models treat input variables differently. XAI methods can help scientists make informed decisions when applying ML models in their research.
Jessica Breavington, Alexandra Steckbauer, Chuancheng Fu, Mongi Ennasri, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 22, 117–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-117-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-117-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Mangrove carbon storage in the Red Sea is lower than average due to challenging growth conditions. We collected mangrove soil cores over multiple seasons to measure greenhouse gas (GHG) flux of carbon dioxide and methane. GHG emissions are a small offset to mangrove carbon storage overall but punctuated by periods of high emission. This variation is linked to environmental and soil properties, which were also measured. The findings aid understanding of GHG dynamics in arid mangrove ecosystems.
Alouette van Hove, Kristoffer Aalstad, Vibeke Lind, Claudia Arndt, Vincent Odongo, Rodolfo Ceriani, Francesco Fava, John Hulth, and Norbert Pirk
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3994, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3994, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Research on methane emissions from African livestock is limited. We used a probabilistic method fusing drone and flux tower observations with an atmospheric model to estimate emissions from various herds. This approach proved robust under non-stationary wind conditions and effective in estimating emissions as low as 100 g h-1. We also detected herd locations using spectral anomalies in satellite data. Our approach can be used to estimate diverse sources, thereby improving emission inventories.
Boris Ťupek, Aleksi Lehtonen, Stefano Manzoni, Elisa Bruni, Petr Baldrian, Etienne Richy, Bartosz Adamczyk, Bertrand Guenet, and Raisa Mäkipää
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3813, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3813, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We explored soil microbial respiration (Rh) kinetics of low-dose and long-term N fertilization in N-limited boreal forest in connection to CH₄, and N₂O fluxes, soil, and tree C sinks. The insights show that N fertilization effects C retention in boreal forest soils through modifying Rh sensitivities to soil temperature and moisture. The key findings reveal that N-enriched soils exhibited reduced sensitivity of Rh to moisture, which on annual level contributes to enhanced soil C sequestration.
Johnathan Daniel Maxey, Neil D. Hartstein, Hermann W. Bange, and Moritz Müller
Biogeosciences, 21, 5613–5637, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The distribution of N2O in fjord-like estuaries is poorly described in the Southern Hemisphere. Our study describes N2O distribution and its drivers in one such system in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania. Water samples were collected seasonally in 2022 and 2023. Results show the system removes atmospheric N2O when river flow is high, whereas the system emits N2O when the river flow is low. N2O generated in basins is intercepted by the surface water and exported to the ocean during high river flow.
Wael Al Hamwi, Maren Dubbert, Jörg Schaller, Matthias Lück, Marten Schmidt, and Mathias Hoffmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 5639–5651, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a fully automatic, low-cost soil–plant enclosure system to monitor CO2 and evapotranspiration fluxes within greenhouse experiments. It operates in two modes: independent, using low-cost sensors, and dependent, where multiple chambers connect to a single gas analyzer via a low-cost multiplexer. This system provides precise, accurate measurements and high temporal resolution, enabling comprehensive monitoring of plant–soil responses to various treatments and conditions.
Rui Su, Kexin Li, Nannan Wang, Fenghui Yuan, Ying Zhao, Yunjiang Zuo, Ying Sun, Liyuan He, Xiaofeng Xu, and Lihua Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3347, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3347, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This research examines the effect of sulfate on methane oxidation in soil, finding that sulfate may facilitate methane oxidation. Considering methane's role as a greenhouse gas and rising sulfate deposition, the study aims to predict changes in methane oxidation due to acid deposition. Future experiments will explore microbial mechanisms, as sulfate reduces methane emissions while enhancing its consumption, providing insights for mitigation strategies.
Zhao-Jun Yong, Wei-Jen Lin, Chiao-Wen Lin, and Hsing-Juh Lin
Biogeosciences, 21, 5247–5260, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5247-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5247-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes from mangrove stems and soils of Avicennia marina and Kandelia obovata during tidal cycles. Both stem types served as CO2 and CH4 sources, emitting less CH4 than soils, with no difference in CO2 flux. While A. marina stems showed increased CO2 fluxes from low to high tides, they acted as a CH4 sink before flooding and as a source after ebbing. However, K. obovata stems showed no flux pattern. This study highlights the need to consider tidal influence and species.
Ihab Alfadhel, Ignacio Peralta-Maraver, Isabel Reche, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Eva Rodríguez-Velasco, Andrew S. Kowalski, and Penélope Serrano-Ortiz
Biogeosciences, 21, 5117–5129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Inland saline lakes are crucial in the global carbon cycle, but increased droughts may alter their carbon exchange capacity. We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a Mediterranean saline lake using the eddy covariance method under dry and wet conditions. We found the lake acts as a carbon sink during wet periods but not during droughts. These results highlight the importance of saline lakes in carbon sequestration and their vulnerability to climate-change-induced droughts.
Nathaniel B. Weston, Cynthia Troy, Patrick J. Kearns, Jennifer L. Bowen, William Porubsky, Christelle Hyacinthe, Christof Meile, Philippe Van Cappellen, and Samantha B. Joye
Biogeosciences, 21, 4837–4851, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse and ozone-depleting gas produced largely from microbial nitrogen cycling processes, and human activities have resulted in increases in atmospheric N2O. We investigate the role of physical and chemical disturbances to soils and sediments in N2O production. We demonstrate that physicochemical perturbation increases N2O production, microbial community adapts over time, and initial perturbation appears to confer resilience to subsequent disturbance.
Sigrid Trier Kjær, Sebastian Westermann, Nora Nedkvitne, and Peter Dörsch
Biogeosciences, 21, 4723–4737, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4723-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4723-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost peatlands are thawing due to climate change, releasing large quantities of carbon that degrades upon thawing and is released as CO2, CH4 or dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We incubated thawed Norwegian permafrost peat plateaus and thermokarst pond sediment found next to permafrost for up to 350 d to measure carbon loss. CO2 production was initially the highest, whereas CH4 production increased over time. The largest carbon loss was measured at the top of the peat plateau core as DOC.
Olivier Bouriaud, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Konstantin Gregor, Issam Bourkhris, Peter Högberg, Roland Irslinger, Phillip Papastefanou, Julia Pongratz, Anja Rammig, Riccardo Valentini, and Christian Körner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3092, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3092, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of harvesting on forests' carbon sink capacities is debated. One view is that their sink strength is resilient to harvesting, the other that it disrupts these capacities. Our work shows that leaf area index (LAI) has been overlooked in this discussion. We found that temperate forests' carbon uptake is largely insensitive to variations in LAI beyond about 4 m² m-², but that forests operate at higher levels.
Silvie Lainela, Erik Jacobs, Stella-Theresa Luik, Gregor Rehder, and Urmas Lips
Biogeosciences, 21, 4495–4519, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the variability of carbon dioxide and methane in the surface layer of the north-eastern basins of the Baltic Sea in 2018. We show that the shallower coastal areas have considerably higher spatial variability and seasonal amplitude of surface layer pCO2 and cCH4 than measured in the offshore areas of the Baltic Sea. Despite this high variability, caused mostly by coastal physical processes, the average annual air–sea CO2 fluxes differed only marginally between the sub-basins.
Martti Honkanen, Mika Aurela, Juha Hatakka, Lumi Haraguchi, Sami Kielosto, Timo Mäkelä, Jukka Seppälä, Simo-Matti Siiriä, Ken Stenbäck, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Pasi Ylöstalo, and Lauri Laakso
Biogeosciences, 21, 4341–4359, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4341-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4341-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The exchange of CO2 between the sea and the atmosphere was studied in the Archipelago Sea, Baltic Sea, in 2017–2021, using an eddy covariance technique. The sea acted as a net source of CO2 with an average yearly emission of 27.1 gC m-2 yr-1, indicating that the marine ecosystem respired carbon that originated elsewhere. The yearly CO2 emission varied between 18.2–39.2 gC m-2 yr-1, mostly due to the yearly variation of ecosystem carbon uptake.
Ralf C. H. Aben, Daniël van de Craats, Jim Boonman, Stijn H. Peeters, Bart Vriend, Coline C. F. Boonman, Ype van der Velde, Gilles Erkens, and Merit van den Berg
Biogeosciences, 21, 4099–4118, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4099-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4099-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands cause high CO2 emissions. We assessed the effectiveness of subsurface water infiltration systems (WISs) in reducing CO2 emissions related to increases in water table depth (WTD) on 12 sites for up to 4 years. Results show WISs markedly reduced emissions by 2.1 t CO2-C ha-1 yr-1. The relationship between the amount of carbon above the WTD and CO2 emission was stronger than the relationship between WTD and emission. Long-term monitoring is crucial for accurate emission estimates.
Ingeborg Bussmann, Eric P. Achterberg, Holger Brix, Nicolas Brüggemann, Götz Flöser, Claudia Schütze, and Philipp Fischer
Biogeosciences, 21, 3819–3838, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3819-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3819-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas and contributes to climate warming. However, the input of CH4 from coastal areas to the atmosphere is not well defined. Dissolved and atmospheric CH4 was determined at high spatial resolution in or above the North Sea. The atmospheric CH4 concentration was mainly influenced by wind direction. With our detailed study on the spatial distribution of CH4 fluxes we were able to provide a detailed and more realistic estimation of coastal CH4 fluxes.
Niu Zhu, Jinniu Wang, Dongliang Luo, Xufeng Wang, Cheng Shen, and Ning Wu
Biogeosciences, 21, 3509–3522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3509-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3509-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study delves into the vital role of subalpine forests in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau as carbon sinks in the context of climate change. Utilizing advanced eddy covariance systems, we uncover their significant carbon sequestration potential, observing distinct seasonal patterns influenced by temperature, humidity, and radiation. Notably, these forests exhibit robust carbon absorption, with potential implications for global carbon balance.
Colette L. Kelly, Nicole M. Travis, Pascale Anabelle Baya, Claudia Frey, Xin Sun, Bess B. Ward, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 21, 3215–3238, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3215-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3215-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, accumulates in regions of the ocean that are low in dissolved oxygen. We used a novel combination of chemical tracers to determine how nitrous oxide is produced in one of these regions, the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean. Our experiments showed that the two most important sources of nitrous oxide under low-oxygen conditions are denitrification, an anaerobic process, and a novel “hybrid” process performed by ammonia-oxidizing archaea.
Hella van Asperen, Thorsten Warneke, Alessandro Carioca de Araújo, Bruce Forsberg, Sávio José Filgueiras Ferreira, Thomas Röckmann, Carina van der Veen, Sipko Bulthuis, Leonardo Ramos de Oliveira, Thiago de Lima Xavier, Jailson da Mata, Marta de Oliveira Sá, Paulo Ricardo Teixeira, Julie Andrews de França e Silva, Susan Trumbore, and Justus Notholt
Biogeosciences, 21, 3183–3199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is regarded as an important indirect greenhouse gas. Soils can emit and take up CO, but, until now, uncertainty remains as to which process dominates in tropical rainforests. We present the first soil CO flux measurements from a tropical rainforest. Based on our observations, we report that tropical rainforest soils are a net source of CO. In addition, we show that valley streams and inundated areas are likely additional hot spots of CO in the ecosystem.
Yélognissè Agbohessou, Claire Delon, Manuela Grippa, Eric Mougin, Daouda Ngom, Espoir Koudjo Gaglo, Ousmane Ndiaye, Paulo Salgado, and Olivier Roupsard
Biogeosciences, 21, 2811–2837, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2811-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2811-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions of greenhouse gases in the Sahel are not well represented because they are considered weak compared to the rest of the world. However, natural areas in the Sahel emit carbon dioxide and nitrous oxides, which need to be assessed because of extended surfaces. We propose an assessment of such emissions in Sahelian silvopastoral systems and of how they are influenced by environmental characteristics. These results are essential to inform climate change strategies in the region.
Merit van den Berg, Thomas M. Gremmen, Renske J. E. Vroom, Jacobus van Huissteden, Jim Boonman, Corine J. A. van Huissteden, Ype van der Velde, Alfons J. P. Smolders, and Bas P. van de Riet
Biogeosciences, 21, 2669–2690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands emit 3 % of the global greenhouse gas emissions. Paludiculture is a way to reduce CO2 emissions while at the same time generating an income for landowners. The side effect is the potentially high methane emissions. We found very high methane emissions for broadleaf cattail compared with narrowleaf cattail and water fern. The rewetting was, however, effective to stop CO2 emissions for all species. The highest potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions had narrowleaf cattail.
Thomas Bauduin, Nathalie Gypens, and Alberto V. Borges
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1315, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1315, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from ponds can vary depending on the state of ponds (clear-water with macrophytes or turbid-water with phytoplankton). We studied CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions in clear and turbid urban ponds (June 2021 to December 2023) in Brussels. We observed seasonal differences in methanogenesis pathways, in CH4 emissions between clear and turbid ponds, and annual differences in total emissions of GHG, likely from intense El Niño event in 2023.
Thea H. Heimdal, Galen A. McKinley, Adrienne J. Sutton, Amanda R. Fay, and Lucas Gloege
Biogeosciences, 21, 2159–2176, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2159-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2159-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of ocean carbon are limited in time and space. Machine learning algorithms are therefore used to reconstruct ocean carbon where observations do not exist. Improving these reconstructions is important in order to accurately estimate how much carbon the ocean absorbs from the atmosphere. In this study, we find that a small addition of observations from the Southern Ocean, obtained by autonomous sampling platforms, could significantly improve the reconstructions.
Guilherme L. Torres Mendonça, Julia Pongratz, and Christian H. Reick
Biogeosciences, 21, 1923–1960, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1923-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1923-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the timescale dependence of airborne fraction and underlying feedbacks by a theory of the climate–carbon system. Using simulations we show the predictive power of this theory and find that (1) this fraction generally decreases for increasing timescales and (2) at all timescales the total feedback is negative and the model spread in a single feedback causes the spread in the airborne fraction. Our study indicates that those are properties of the system, independently of the scenario.
François Clayer, Jan Erik Thrane, Kuria Ndungu, Andrew King, Peter Dörsch, and Thomas Rohrlack
Biogeosciences, 21, 1903–1921, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1903-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Determination of dissolved greenhouse gas (GHG) in freshwater allows us to estimate GHG fluxes. Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is used to preserve water samples prior to GHG analysis despite its environmental and health impacts and interferences with water chemistry in freshwater. Here, we tested the effects of HgCl2, two substitutes and storage time on GHG in water from two boreal lakes. Preservation with HgCl2 caused overestimation of CO2 concentration with consequences for GHG flux estimation.
Helena Rautakoski, Mika Korkiakoski, Jarmo Mäkelä, Markku Koskinen, Kari Minkkinen, Mika Aurela, Paavo Ojanen, and Annalea Lohila
Biogeosciences, 21, 1867–1886, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1867-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1867-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Current and future nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are difficult to estimate due to their high variability in space and time. Several years of N2O fluxes from drained boreal peatland forest indicate high importance of summer precipitation, winter temperature, and snow conditions in controlling annual N2O emissions. The results indicate increasing year-to-year variation in N2O emissions in changing climate with more extreme seasonal weather conditions.
Matthias Koschorreck, Norbert Kamjunke, Uta Koedel, Michael Rode, Claudia Schuetze, and Ingeborg Bussmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 1613–1628, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from different sites at the river Elbe in Germany over 3 days to find out what is more important for quantification: small-scale spatial variability or diurnal temporal variability. We found that CO2 emissions were very different between day and night, while CH4 emissions were more different between sites. Dried out river sediments contributed to CO2 emissions, while the side areas of the river were important CH4 sources.
Odysseas Sifounakis, Edwin Haas, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, and Maria P. Papadopoulou
Biogeosciences, 21, 1563–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1563-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1563-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We performed a full assessment of the carbon and nitrogen cycles of a cropland ecosystem. An uncertainty analysis and quantification of all carbon and nitrogen fluxes were deployed. The inventory simulations include greenhouse gas emissions of N2O, NH3 volatilization and NO3 leaching from arable land cultivation in Greece. The inventory also reports changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in arable soils.
Cited articles
Abbott, B. W. and Jones, J. B.: Permafrost collapse alters soil carbon
stocks, respiration, CH4, and N2O in upland tundra, Glob. Change Biol.,
21, 4570–4587, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13069, 2015.
Alves, R. J. E., Wanek, W., Zappe, A., Richter, A., Svenning, M. M.,
Schleper, C., and Urich, T.: Nitrification rates in Arctic soils are
associated with functionally distinct populations of ammonia-oxidizing
archaea, ISME J., 7, 1620–1631, 2013.
Ayres, E., van der Wal, R., Sommerkorn, M., and Bardgett, R. D.: Direct
uptake of soil nitrogen by mosses, Biol. Letters, 2, 286–288,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0455, 2006.
Baggs, E. M.: Soil microbial sources of nitrous oxide: recent advances in
knowledge, emerging challenges and future direction, Curr. Opin.
Env. Sust., 3, 321–327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2011.08.011,
2011.
Baggs, E. M., Richter, M., Cadisch, G., and Hartwig, U. A.: Denitrification
in grass swards is increased under elevated atmospheric CO2, Soil Biol. Biochem., 35, 729–732, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(03)00083-x, 2003.
Biasi, C., Wanek, W., Rusalimova, O., Kaiser, C., Meyer, H., Barsukov, P.,
and Richter, A.: Microtopography and plant-cover controls on nitrogen
dynamics in hummock tundra ecosystems in Siberia, Arct. Antarct.
Alp. Res., 37, 435–443,
https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0435:mapcon]2.0.co;2, 2005.
Biasi, C., Jokinen, S., Marushchak, M. E., Hamalainen, K., Trubnikova, T.,
Oinonen, M., and Martikainen, P. J.: Microbial Respiration in Arctic Upland
and Peat Soils as a Source of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Ecosystems, 17,
112–126, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-013-9710-z, 2014.
Booth, M. S., Stark, J. M., and Rastetter, E.: Controls on nitrogen cycling
in terrestrial ecosystems: A synthetic analysis of literature data,
Ecol. Monogr., 75, 139–157, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0988, 2005.
Borge, A. F., Westermann, S., Solheim, I., and Etzelmüller, B.: Strong degradation of palsas and peat plateaus in northern Norway during the last 60 years, The Cryosphere, 11, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1-2017, 2017.
Braun, J., Mooshammer, M., Wanek, W., Prommer, J., Walker, T. W. N.,
Rutting, T., and Richter, A.: Full N-15 tracer accounting to revisit major
assumptions of N-15 isotope pool dilution approaches for gross nitrogen
mineralization, Soil Biol. Biochem., 117, 16–26,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.11.005, 2018.
Brüggemann, N., Rosenkranz, P., Papen, H., Pilegaard, K., and Butterbach-Bahl, K.: Pure stands of temperate forest tree species modify soil respiration and N turnover, Biogeosciences Discuss., 2, 303–331, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-2-303-2005, 2005.
Buckeridge, K. M. and Jefferies, R. L.: Vegetation loss alters soil nitrogen
dynamics in an Arctic salt marsh, J. Ecol., 95, 283–293,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01214.x, 2007.
Ciais, P., Sabine, C., Bala, G., Bopp, L., Brovkin, V., Canadell, J., Chhabra, A., DeFries, R., Galloway, J., Heimann, M.,
Jones, C., Le Quéré, C., Myneni, R. B., Piao S., and Thornton, P.: Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles, in: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report
of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K.,
Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United
Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 465–570, https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter06_FINAL.pdf (last access: 23 May 2022), 2013.
Clough, T. J., Sherlock, R. R., Cameron, K. C., Stevens, R. J., Laughlin, R.
J., and Muller, C.: Resolution of the N-15 balance enigma?, Aust.
J. Soil Res., 39, 1419–1431, https://doi.org/10.1071/sr00092, 2001.
Cookson, W., Cornforth, I. S., and Rowarth, J. S.: Winter soil temperature (2–15 ∘C) effects on nitrogen transformations in clover green manure amended or unamended soils; a laboratory and field study, Soil Biol. Biochem., 34, 1401–1415, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00083-4, 2002.
Decock, C. and Six, J.: How reliable is the intramolecular distribution of
N-15 in N2O to source partition N2O emitted from soil?, Soil Biol.
Biochem., 65, 114–127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.05.012, 2013.
Diáková, K., Biasi, C., Čapek, P., Martikainen, P. J., Marushchak, M. E., Patova, E. N., and Šantrčková, H.: Variation in N2 Fixation in Subarctic Tundra in Relation to Landscape Position and Nitrogen Pools and Fluxes, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 48, 111–125, https://doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0014-064, 2016.
Douglas, T. A., Turetsky, M. R., and Koven, C. D.: Increased rainfall
stimulates permafrost thaw across a variety of Interior Alaskan boreal
ecosystems, Npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 3, 28,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-020-0130-4, 2020.
Elberling, B., Christiansen, H. H., and Hansen, B. U.: High nitrous oxide
production from thawing permafrost, Nat. Geosci., 3, 332–335,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo803, 2010.
Fawcett, J. K. and Scott, J. E.: A Rapid and precise method for the determination of urea, Journal of Clinical Pathodology, 13, 156–159, 1960.
Firestone, M. and Davidson, E.: Microbiological basis of NO and N2O
production and consumption in soil, in: Exchange of Trace Gases between
Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Atmosphere, edited by: Andreae, M. O. and Schimel, D. S., John Wiley & Sons., New York, 7–21, ISBN: 10 0471925519, 1989.
Gao, L., Cui, X. Y., Hill, P. W., and Guo, Y. F.: Uptake of various nitrogen
forms by co-existing plant species in temperate and cold-temperate forests
in northeast China, Appl. Soil Ecol., 147, 103398,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103398, 2020.
Gardner, J. B. and Drinkwater, L. E.: The fate of nitrogen in grain cropping
systems: a meta-analysis of N-15 field experiments, Ecol. Appl.,
19, 2167–2184, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1122.1, 2009.
Gil, J., Perez, T., Boering, K., Martikainen, P. J., and Biasi, C.:
Mechanisms responsible for high N2O emissions from subarctic permafrost
peatlands studied via stable isotope techniques, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 31, 172–189, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005370, 2017.
Goldberg, S. D., Knorr, K. H., Blodau, C., Lischeid, G., and Gebauer, G.:
Impact of altering the water table height of an acidic fen on N2O and NO
fluxes and soil concentrations, Glob. Change Biol., 16, 220–233,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02015.x, 2010.
Grogan, P. and Jonasson, S.: Controls on annual nitrogen cycling in the
understory of a subarctic birch forest, Ecology, 84, 202–218,
https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0202:coanci]2.0.co;2, 2003.
Harden, J. W., Koven, C. D., Ping, C. L., Hugelius, G., McGuire, A. D.,
Camill, P., Jorgenson, T., Kuhry, P., Michaelson, G. J., O'Donnell, J. A.,
Schuur, E. A. G., Tarnocai, C., Johnson, K., and Grosse, G.: Field
information links permafrost carbon to physical vulnerabilities of thawing,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15704, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gl051958, 2012.
Harrison, M. D., Groffman, P. M., Mayer, P. M., and Kaushal, S. S.: Nitrate
removal in two relict oxbow urban wetlands: a N-15 mass-balance approach,
Biogeochemistry, 111, 647–660, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-012-9708-1, 2012.
Harty, M. A., McGeough, K. L. , Carolan, R., Müller, C., Laughlin, R. J., Lanigan, G. J., Richards, K. G., and Watson, C. J.: Gross nitrogen transformations in grassland soil react differently to urea stabilisers under laboratory and field conditions, Soil Biol. Biochem., 109, 23–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.01.025, 2017.
Heikkinen, J. E. P., Elsakov, V., and Martikainen, P. J.: Carbon dioxide and
methane dynamics and annual carbon balance in tundra wetland in NE Europe,
Russia, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 62-1–62-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gb001930, 2002.
Herman, D. J., Brooks, P. D. , Ashraf, M., Azam, F. and Mulvaney, R. M.: Evaluation of methods for nitrogen-15 analysis of inorganic nitrogen in soil extracts. II. Diffusion methods, Commun. Soil Sci. Plan., 26, 1675–1685, 1995.
Hetz, S. A. and Horn, M. A.: Burkholderiaceae Are Key AcetateAssimilators During
Complete Denitrification in Acidic Cryoturbated Peat Circles of the Arctic
Tundra, Front. Microbiol., 12, 628269, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.628269, 2021.
Holz, M., Aurangojeb, M., Kasimir, A., Boeckx, P., Kuzyakov, Y.,
Klemedtsson, L., and Rutting, T.: Gross Nitrogen Dynamics in the
Mycorrhizosphere of an Organic Forest Soil, Ecosystems, 19, 284–295,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-015-9931-4, 2016.
Huber, C., Oberhauser, A., and Kreutzer, K.: Deposition of ammonia to the
forest floor under spruce and beech at the Hoglwald site, Plant Soil,
240, 3–11, https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015825024164, 2002.
Kaiser, C., Meyer, H., Biasi, C., Rusalimova, O., Barsukov, P., and Richter,
A.: Conservation of soil organic matter through cryoturbation in arctic
soils in Siberia, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 112, G02017,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jg000258, 2007.
Kappelmeyer, U., Kuschk, P., and Stottmeister, U.: Model experiments on the
influence of artificial humic compounds on chemodenitrification, Water Air
Soil Poll., 147, 317–330, https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1024518027312, 2003.
Kaverin, D. A., Pastukhov, A. V., Lapteva, E. M., Biasi, C., Marushchak, M.,
and Martikainen, P.: Morphology and properties of the soils of permafrost
peatlands in the southeast of the Bol'shezemel'skaya tundra, Eurasian Soil
Sci., 49, 498–511, https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229316050069, 2016.
Kirkham, D. and Bartholomew, W.: Equations for following nutrient
transformations in soil, utilizing tracer data, Soil Sci. Soc.
Am. J., 18, 33–34, 1954.
Kirkham, D. and Bartholomew, W.: Equations for following nutrient
transformations in Soil, utilizing tracer data: II, Soil Sci. Soc.
Ame. J., 19, 189–192, 1955.
Liimatainen, M., Voigt, C., Martikainen, P. J., Hytonen, J., Regina, K.,
Oskarsson, H., and Maljanen, M.: Factors controlling nitrous oxide emissions
from managed northern peat soils with low carbon to nitrogen ratio, Soil
Biol. Biochem., 122, 186–195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.04.006,
2018.
Ma, W. K., Schautz, A., Fishback, L. A. E., Bedard-Haughn, A., Farrell, R.
E., and Siciliano, S. D.: Assessing the potential of ammonia oxidizing
bacteria to produce nitrous oxide in soils of a high arctic lowland
ecosystem on Devon Island, Canada, Soil Biol. Biochem., 39,
2001–2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.001, 2007.
Maljanen, M., Sigurdsson, B. D., Guðmundsson, J., Óskarsson, H., Huttunen, J. T., and Martikainen, P. J.: Greenhouse gas balances of managed peatlands in the Nordic countries – present knowledge and gaps, Biogeosciences, 7, 2711–2738, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2711-2010, 2010.
Marushchak, M. E., Pitkamaki, A., Koponen, H., Biasi, C., Seppala, M., and
Martikainen, P. J.: Hot spots for nitrous oxide emissions found in different
types of permafrost peatlands, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 2601–2614,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02442.x, 2011.
Marushchak, M. E., Kiepe, I., Biasi, C., Elsakov, V., Friborg, T., Johansson, T., Soegaard, H., Virtanen, T., and Martikainen, P. J.: Carbon dioxide balance of subarctic tundra from plot to regional scales, Biogeosciences, 10, 437–452, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-437-2013, 2013.
Marushchak, M. E., Kerttula, J., Diáková, K., Faguet, A., Gil, J., Grosse, G., Knoblauch, C., Lashchinskiy, N., Martikainen, P. J., Morgenstern, A., Nykamb, M., Ronkainen, J. G., Siljanen, H. M. P., van Delden, L., Voigt, C., Zimov, N., Zimov, S., and Biasi, C.: Thawing Yedoma permafrost is a neglected nitrous oxide source, Nat. Commun., 12, 7107, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27386-2, 2021.
McKane, R. B., Johnson, L. C., Shaver, G. R., Nadelhoffer, K. J., Rastetter,
E. B., Fry, B., Giblin, A. E., Kielland, K., Kwiatkowski, B. L., Laundre, J.
A., and Murray, G.: Resource-based niches provide a basis for plant species
diversity and dominance in arctic tundra, Nature, 415, 68–71,
https://doi.org/10.1038/415068a, 2002.
Meyer, H., Kaiser, C., Biasi, C., Hammerle, R., Rusalimova, O., Lashchinsky,
N., Baranyi, C., Daims, H., Barsukov, P., and Richter, A.: Soil carbon and
nitrogen dynamics along a latitudinal transect in Western Siberia, Russia,
Biogeochemistry, 81, 239–252, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-006-9039-1, 2006.
Miranda, K. M., Espey, M. G., and Wink, D. A.: A rapid, simple
spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite,
Nitric Oxide-Biol. Ch., 5, 62–71, https://doi.org/10.1006/niox.2000.0319, 2001.
Münchmeyer, U., Russow, R., and Augusti, J.: Net and Gross Nitrogen Mineralization in Drained and Reflooded Fen Soils,
Isot. Environ. Heal. S., 36, 79–98, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256010008032934,
2000.
Nordin, A., Schmidt, I. K., and Shaver, G. R.: Nitrogen uptake by arctic
soil microbes and plants in relation to soil nitrogen supply, Ecology, 85,
955–962, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0084, 2004.
Palmer, K., Biasi, C., and Horn, M. A.: Contrasting denitrifier communities
relate to contrasting N2O emission patterns from acidic peat soils in arctic
tundra, ISME J., 6, 1058–1077, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.172, 2011.
Ramm, E., Liu, C. Y., Ambus, P., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Hu, B., Martikainen,
P. J., Marushchak, M. E, Mueller, C. W., Rennenberg, H., Schloter, M.,
Siljanen, H. M. P., Voigt, C., Werner, C., Biasi, C., and Dannenmann, M.: A
review of the importance of mineral nitrogen cycling in the
plant-soil-microbe system of permafrost-affected soils-changing the
paradigm, Environ. Res. Lett., 17, 013004, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac417e, 2022.
Repo, M. E., Susiluoto, S., Lind, S. E., Jokinen, S., Elsakov, V., Biasi,
C., Virtanen, T., and Martikainen, P. J.: Large N2O emissions from
cryoturbated peat soil in tundra, Nat. Geosci., 2, 189–192,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo434, 2009.
Rütting, T., Huygens, D., Staelens, J., Muller, C., and Boeckx, P.:
Advances in N-15-tracing experiments: new labelling and data analysis
approaches, Biochem. Soc. T., 39, 279–283,
https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0390279, 2011.
Sannel, A. B. K. and Kuhry, P. : Warming-induced destabilization of peat
plateau/thermokarst lake complexes, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G03035,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001635, 2011.
Schädel, C., Bader, M. K. F., Schuur, E. A. G., Biasi, C., Bracho, R.,
Capek, P., De Baets, S., Diakova, K., Ernakovich, J., Estop-Aragones, C.,
Graham, D. E., Hartley, I. P., Iversen, C. M., Kane, E. S., Knoblauch, C.,
Lupascu, M., Martikainen, P. J., Natali, S. M., Norby, R. J., O'Donnell, J.
A., Chowdhury, T. R., Santruckova, H., Shaver, G., Sloan, V. L., Treat, C.
C., Turetsky, M. R., Waldrop, M. P., and Wickland, K. P.: Potential carbon
emissions dominated by carbon dioxide from thawed permafrost soils, Nat.
Clim. Change, 6, 950–953, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3054, 2016.
Schimel, J. P. and Bennett, J.: Nitrogen mineralization: Challenges of a
changing paradigm, Ecology, 85, 591–602, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-8002, 2004.
Schlesinger, W. H.: Biogeochemistry. An Analysis of Global Change, 2nd Edn., Academic Press,
Toronto, San Diego, London, Boston, New York, Sydney,
Tokyo, 1997.
Schuur, E. A. G., Vogel, J. G., Crummer, K. G., Lee, H., Sickman, J. O., and
Osterkamp, T. E.: The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and
net carbon exchange from tundra, Nature, 459, 556–559, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08031,
2009.
Schuur, E. A. G., McGuire, A. D., Schädel, C., Grosse, G., Harden, J. W.,
Hayes, D. J., Hugelius, G., Koven, C. D., Kuhry, P., Lawrence, D. M.,
Natali, S. M., Olefeldt, D., Romanovsky, V. E., Schaefer, K., Turetsky, M.
R., Treat, C. C., and Vonk, J. E.: Climate change and the permafrost carbon
feedback, Nature, 520, 171–179, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14338, 2015.
Siciliano, S. D., Ma, W. K., Ferguson, S., and Farrell, R. E.: Nitrifier
dominance of Arctic soil nitrous oxide emissions arises due to fungal
competition with denitrifiers for nitrate, Soil Biol. Biochem.,
41, 1104–1110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.02.024, 2009.
Siljanen, H. M. P., Alves, R. J. E., Ronkainen, J. G., Lamprecht, R. E.,
Bhattarai, H. R., Bagnoud, A., Marushchak, M. E., Martikainen, P. J.,
Schleper, C., and Biasi, C.: Archaeal nitrification is a key driver of high
nitrous oxide emissions from arctic peatlands, Soil Biol.
Biochem., 137, 107539, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107539, 2019.
Silvan, N., Tuittila, E. S., Kitunen, V., Vasander, H., and Laine, J.:
Nitrate uptake by Eriophorum vaginatum controls N2O production in a restored
peatland, Soil Biol. Biochem., 37, 1519–1526,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.01.006, 2005.
Seppälä, M.: Surface abrasion of palsas by wind action in Finnish
Lapland, Geomorphology, 52, 141–148,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00254-4, 2003.
Seppälä, M.: Synthesis of studies of palsa formation underlining
the importance of local environmental and physical characteristics,
Quaternary Res., 75, 366–370, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.09.007, 2011.
Sørensen, P. L., Clemmensen, K. E., Michelsen, A., Jonasson, S., and Strom,
L.: Plant and microbial uptake and allocation of organic and inorganic
nitrogen related to plant growth forms and soil conditions at two subarctic
tundra sites in Sweden, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 40, 171–180,
https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(06-114)[sorensen]2.0.co;2, 2008.
Stevens, R. J., Laughlin, R. J., Burns, L. C., Arah, J. R. M., and Hood, R.
C.: Measuring the contributions of nitrification and denitrification to the
flux of nitrous oxide from soil, Soil Biol. Biochem., 29,
139–151, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(96)00303-3, 1997.
Takakai, F., Desyatkin, A. R., Lopez, C. M. L., Fedorov, A. N., Desyatkin,
R. V., and Hatano, R.: CH4 and N2O emissions from a forest-alas
ecosystem in the permafrost taiga forest region, eastern Siberia, Russia,
J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 113, G02002,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jg000521, 2008.
Toyoda, S., Yoshida, N., and Koba, K.: Isotopocule analysis of biologically
produced nitrous oxide in various environments, Mass Spectrom. Rev.,
36, 135–160, https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21459, 2017.
Vikman, A., Sarkkola, S., Koivusalo, H., Sallantaus, T., Laine, J., Silvan,
N., Nousiainen, H., and Nieminen, M.: Nitrogen retention by peatland buffer
areas at six forested catchments in southern and central Finland,
Hydrobiologia, 641, 171–183, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-0079-0, 2010.
Voigt, C., Lamprecht, R. E., Marushchak, M. E., Lind, S. E., Novakovskiy,
A., Aurela, M., Martikainen, P. J., and Biasi, C.: Warming of subarctic
tundra increases emissions of all three important greenhouse gases – carbon
dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, Glob. Change Biol., 23, 3121–3138,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13563, 2017a.
Voigt, C., Marushchak, M. E., Lamprecht, R. E., Jackowicz-Korczynski, M.,
Lindgren, A., Mastepanov, M., Granlund, L., Christensen, T. R., Tahvanainen,
T., Martikainen, P. J., and Biasi, C.: Increased nitrous oxide emissions
from Arctic peatlands after permafrost thaw, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 6238–6243,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702902114, 2017b.
Voigt, C., Marushchak, M. E., Abbott, B. W., Elberling, B., Siciliano, S.
D., Sonnentag, O., Stewart, K. J., Yang, Y., and Martikainen, P. E.: Nitrous
oxide emissions from permafrost-affected soils, Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 1, 420–434, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0063-9, 2020.
Werner, C., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Haas, E., Hickler, T., and Kiese, R.: A
global inventory of N2O emissions from tropical rainforest soils using a
detailed biogeochemical model, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 21, GB3010,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gb002909, 2007.
Westbrook, C. J. and Devito, K. J.: Gross nitrogen transformations in soils
from uncut and cut boreal upland and peatland coniferous forest stands,
Biogeochemistry, 68, 33–49, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOG.0000025739.04821.8e, 2004.
Wild, B., Schnecker, J., Knoltsch, A., Takriti, M., Mooshammer, M., Gentsch,
N., Mikutta, R., Alves, R. J. E., Gittel, A., Lashchinskiy, N., and Richter,
A.: Microbial nitrogen dynamics in organic and mineral soil horizons along a
latitudinal transect in western Siberia, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29,
567–582, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005084, 2015.
Wrage, N., van Groenigen, J. W., Oenema, O., and Baggs, E. M.: A novel
dual-isotope labelling method for distinguishing between soil sources of
N2O, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 19, 3298–3306,
https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2191, 2005.
Zeller, B., Liu, J. X., Buchmann, N., and Richter, A.: Tree girdling
increases soil N mineralization in two spruce stands, Soil Biol.
Biochem., 40, 1155–1166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.009, 2008.
Short summary
N2O emissions from permafrost soils represent up to 11.6 % of total N2O emissions from natural soils, and their contribution to the global N2O budget will likely increase due to climate change. A better understanding of N2O production from permafrost soil is needed to evaluate the role of arctic ecosystems in the global N2O budget. By studying microbial N2O production processes in N2O hotspots in permafrost peatlands, we identified denitrification as the dominant source of N2O in these surfaces.
N2O emissions from permafrost soils represent up to 11.6 % of total N2O emissions from natural...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint