A tracer study for the development of in-water monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of ship-based ocean alkalinity enhancement

Subhas, Adam V.; Rheuban, Jennie E.; Wang, Zhaohui Aleck; McCorkle, Daniel C.; Michel, Anna P. M.; Marx, Lukas; Dean, Chloe L.; Morkeski, Kate; Hayden, Matthew G.; Burkitt-Gray, Mary; Elder, Francis; Guo, Yiming; Kim, Heather H.; Chen, Ke

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5511-2025

Articles | Volume 22, issue 19

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5511-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5511-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 22, issue 19

Research article

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10 Oct 2025

Research article | Highlight paper |

| 10 Oct 2025

A tracer study for the development of in-water monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of ship-based ocean alkalinity enhancement

Adam V. Subhas, Jennie E. Rheuban, Zhaohui Aleck Wang, Daniel C. McCorkle, Anna P. M. Michel, Lukas Marx, Chloe L. Dean, Kate Morkeski, Matthew G. Hayden, Mary Burkitt-Gray, Francis Elder, Yiming Guo, Heather H. Kim, and Ke Chen

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-5511-2025-supplement

Data sets

Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, sensor pH, pCO2, rhodamine concentration, nutrients, and other variables obtained from a tracer study for the development of in-water monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of ship-based ocean alkalinity enhancement aboard the R/V Connecticut crise (EXPOCODE 33LQ20230901) in the North Atlantic Ocean, Northeast U.S. Shelf in from 2023-09-02 to 2023-09-04 (NCEI Accession 0305856) A. V. Subhas et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/jssj-aw56

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This study represents a pioneering step in the development of in situ monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) frameworks for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), a leading marine carbon dioxide removal strategy. The authors conducted one of the first open-ocean rhodamine tracer release experiments explicitly designed to simulate alkalinity enhancement, demonstrating a scalable and practical approach for tracking the fate of alkalinity additions in dynamic marine environments. By moving beyond theoretical modeling and implementing real world testing, this work establishes a critical methodological foundation for future field trials and offers a replicable strategy for validating carbon removal through OAE.