Articles | Volume 7, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3999-2010
© Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3999-2010
© Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
A freshwater biodiversity hotspot under pressure – assessing threats and identifying conservation needs for ancient Lake Ohrid
G. Kostoski
Hydrobiological Institute Ohrid, Naum Ohridski 50, 6000 Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia
C. Albrecht
Dept. of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32 IFZ, 35392 Giessen, Germany
S. Trajanovski
Hydrobiological Institute Ohrid, Naum Ohridski 50, 6000 Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia
T. Wilke
Dept. of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32 IFZ, 35392 Giessen, Germany
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Freshwater
Environmental drivers of spatio-temporal dynamics in floodplain vegetation: grasslands as habitat for megafauna in Bardia National Park (Nepal)
Geodiversity influences limnological conditions and freshwater ostracode species distributions across broad spatial scales in the northern Neotropics
Arctic aquatic graminoid tundra responses to nutrient availability
Stable isotopic composition of top consumers in Arctic cryoconite holes: revealing divergent roles in a supraglacial trophic network
Experimental tests of water chemistry response to ornithological eutrophication: biological implications in Arctic freshwaters
Ideas and perspectives: Carbon leaks from flooded land: do we need to replumb the inland water active pipe?
Significance of climate and hydrochemistry on shape variation – a case study on Neotropical cytheroidean Ostracoda
Assembly processes of gastropod community change with horizontal and vertical zonation in ancient Lake Ohrid: a metacommunity speciation perspective
Controls on microalgal community structures in cryoconite holes upon high-Arctic glaciers, Svalbard
Unusual biogenic calcite structures in two shallow lakes, James Ross Island, Antarctica
Co-occurrence patterns in aquatic bacterial communities across changing permafrost landscapes
Constant diversification rates of endemic gastropods in ancient Lake Ohrid: ecosystem resilience likely buffers environmental fluctuations
Riparian and in-stream controls on nutrient concentrations and fluxes in a headwater forested stream
Synergistic effects of UVR and simulated stratification on commensalistic phytoplankton–bacteria relationship in two optically contrasting oligotrophic Mediterranean lakes
Explosive demographic expansion by dreissenid bivalves as a possible result of astronomical forcing
Phytoplankton community structure in the Lena Delta (Siberia, Russia) in relation to hydrography
Lacustrine mollusc radiations in the Lake Malawi Basin: experiments in a natural laboratory for evolution
DNA from lake sediments reveals the long-term dynamics and diversity of Synechococcus assemblages
Interactive effects of vertical mixing, nutrients and ultraviolet radiation: in situ photosynthetic responses of phytoplankton from high mountain lakes in Southern Europe
Eutrophication and warming effects on long-term variation of zooplankton in Lake Biwa
Spatially explicit analysis of gastropod biodiversity in ancient Lake Ohrid
Stratigraphic analysis of lake level fluctuations in Lake Ohrid: an integration of high resolution hydro-acoustic data and sediment cores
Sediment core fossils in ancient Lake Ohrid: testing for faunal change since the Last Interglacial
Testing the spatial and temporal framework of speciation in an ancient lake species flock: the leech genus Dina (Hirudinea: Erpobdellidae) in Lake Ohrid
Native Dreissena freshwater mussels in the Balkans: in and out of ancient lakes
Jitse Bijlmakers, Jasper Griffioen, and Derek Karssenberg
Biogeosciences, 20, 1113–1144, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1113-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1113-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
At the foot of the Himalayas in Nepal, land cover time series and data of environmental drivers show changes in disturbance-dependent grasslands that serve as habitat for endangered megafauna. The changes in surface area and heterogeneity of the grassland patches are attributed to a relocation of the dominant river channel of the Karnali River and associated decline of hydromorphological disturbances and a decrease in anthropogenic disturbances after its establishment as conservation area.
Laura Macario-González, Sergio Cohuo, Philipp Hoelzmann, Liseth Pérez, Manuel Elías-Gutiérrez, Margarita Caballero, Alexis Oliva, Margarita Palmieri, María Renée Álvarez, and Antje Schwalb
Biogeosciences, 19, 5167–5185, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5167-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5167-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the relationships between geodiversity, limnological conditions, and freshwater ostracodes from southern Mexico to Nicaragua. Geological, limnological, geochemical, and mineralogical characteristics of 76 systems reveal two main limnological regions and seven subregions. Water ionic and sediment composition are the most influential. Geodiversity strongly influences limnological conditions, which in turn influence ostracode composition and distribution.
Christian G. Andresen and Vanessa L. Lougheed
Biogeosciences, 18, 2649–2662, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2649-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2649-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Aquatic tundra plants dominate productivity and methane fluxes in the Arctic coastal plain. We assessed how environmental nutrient availability influences production of biomass and greenness of aquatic tundra. We found phosphorous to be the main nutrient limiting biomass productivity and greenness in Arctic aquatic grasses. This study highlights the importance of nutrient pools and mobilization between terrestrial–aquatic systems and their influence on regional carbon and energy feedbacks.
Tereza Novotná Jaroměřská, Jakub Trubač, Krzysztof Zawierucha, Lenka Vondrovicová, Miloslav Devetter, and Jakub D. Žárský
Biogeosciences, 18, 1543–1557, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1543-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1543-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cryoconite holes are ponds on the glacier surface that play an important role in glacier nutrient pathways. This paper presents the first description of the carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of cryoconite consumers (tardigrades and rotifers) and their potential food. We showed that consumers differ in nitrogen isotopes and carbon isotopes vary between taxa and between glaciers. The study contributes to improving knowledge about cryoconite hole functioning and cryoconite trophic networks.
Heather L. Mariash, Milla Rautio, Mark Mallory, and Paul A. Smith
Biogeosciences, 16, 4719–4730, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4719-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4719-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Across North America and Europe, goose populations have increased exponentially in response to agricultural intensification. By using an experimental approach, we empirically demonstrated that geese act as bio-vectors, making terrestrial nutrients more bioavailable to freshwater systems. The study revealed that the nutrient loading from goose faeces has the potential to change phytoplankton community composition, with a shift toward an increased presence of cyanobacteria.
Gwenaël Abril and Alberto V. Borges
Biogeosciences, 16, 769–784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-769-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-769-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Based on classical concepts in ecology, and a literature survey, we highlight the importance of flooded land as a preferential source of atmospheric carbon to aquatic systems at the global scale. Studies in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems could be reconciled by considering the occurrence of an efficient wetland CO2 pump to river systems. New methodological approaches coupling hydrology and ecology are also necessary to improve scientific knowledge on carbon fluxes at the land–water interface.
Claudia Wrozyna, Thomas A. Neubauer, Juliane Meyer, Maria Ines F. Ramos, and Werner E. Piller
Biogeosciences, 15, 5489–5502, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5489-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5489-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
How environmental change affects a species' phenotype is crucial for taxonomy and biodiversity assessments and for their application as paleoecological indicators. Morphometric data of a Neotropical ostracod species, as well as several climatic and hydrochemical variables, were used to investigate the link between morphology and environmental conditions. Temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, and chloride and sulphate concentrations were identified as drivers for ostracod ecophenotypy.
Torsten Hauffe, Christian Albrecht, and Thomas Wilke
Biogeosciences, 13, 2901–2911, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2901-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2901-2016, 2016
T. R. Vonnahme, M. Devetter, J. D. Žárský, M. Šabacká, and J. Elster
Biogeosciences, 13, 659–674, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-659-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-659-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The diversity of microalgae and cyanobacteria in cryoconites on three high-Arctic glaciers was investigated. Possible bottom-up controls via nutrient limitation, wind dispersal, and hydrological stability were measured. Grazer populations were quantified to estimate the effect of top-down controls. Nutrient limitation appeared to be the most important control on the diversity and competition outcomes of microalgae and cyanobacteria.
J. Elster, L. Nedbalová, R. Vodrážka, K. Láska, J. Haloda, and J. Komárek
Biogeosciences, 13, 535–549, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-535-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-535-2016, 2016
J. Comte, C. Lovejoy, S. Crevecoeur, and W. F. Vincent
Biogeosciences, 13, 175–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-175-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-175-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Thaw ponds and lakes varied in their bacterial community structure. A small number of taxa occurred in high abundance and dominated many of the communities. Nevertheless, there were taxonomic differences among different valleys implying some degree of habitat selection. Association networks were composed of a limited number of highly connected OTUs. These "keystone species" were not merely the abundant taxa, whose loss would greatly alter the structure and functioning of these aquatic ecosystem.
K. Föller, B. Stelbrink, T. Hauffe, C. Albrecht, and T. Wilke
Biogeosciences, 12, 7209–7222, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7209-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7209-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Based on our molecular data and performed analyses we found that the gastropods studied represent a comparatively old group that most likely evolved with a constant rate of diversification. However, preliminary data of the SCOPSCO deep-drilling program indicate signatures of environmental/climatic perturbations in Lake Ohrid. We therefore propose that the constant rate observed has been caused by a potential lack of catastrophic environmental events and/or a high ecosystem resilience.
S. Bernal, A. Lupon, M. Ribot, F. Sabater, and E. Martí
Biogeosciences, 12, 1941–1954, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1941-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1941-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Terrestrial inputs are considered the major driver of longitudinal patterns of nutrient concentration. Yet we show that longitudinal trends result from hydrological mixing with terrestrial inputs and in-stream processes. We challenge the idea that nutrient concentrations decrease downstream when in-stream net uptake is high. Conversely, in-stream processes can strongly affect stream nutrient chemistry and fluxes even in the absence of consistent longitudinal trends in nutrient concentration.
P. Carrillo, J. M. Medina-Sánchez, C. Durán, G. Herrera, V. E. Villafañe, and E. W. Helbling
Biogeosciences, 12, 697–712, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-697-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-697-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Under UVR and stratification,the commensalistic algae-bacteria interaction was strengthened in the high-UVR lake, where excretion of organic carbon rates exceeded the bacterial carbon demand,but did not occur in the low-UVR lake.The greater UVR damage to algae and bacteria and the weakening of their commensalistic interaction found in the low-UVR lake indicates these lakes would be especially vulnerable to UVR. These results have implications for the C cycle in lakes of the Mediterranean region.
M. Harzhauser, O. Mandic, A. K. Kern, W. E. Piller, T. A. Neubauer, C. Albrecht, and T. Wilke
Biogeosciences, 10, 8423–8431, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8423-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8423-2013, 2013
A. C. Kraberg, E. Druzhkova, B. Heim, M. J. G. Loeder, and K. H. Wiltshire
Biogeosciences, 10, 7263–7277, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7263-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7263-2013, 2013
D. Van Damme and A. Gautier
Biogeosciences, 10, 5767–5778, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5767-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5767-2013, 2013
I. Domaizon, O. Savichtcheva, D. Debroas, F. Arnaud, C. Villar, C. Pignol, B. Alric, and M. E. Perga
Biogeosciences, 10, 3817–3838, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3817-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3817-2013, 2013
E. W. Helbling, P. Carrillo, J. M. Medina-Sánchez, C. Durán, G. Herrera, M. Villar-Argaiz, and V. E. Villafañe
Biogeosciences, 10, 1037–1050, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1037-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1037-2013, 2013
C. H. Hsieh, Y. Sakai, S. Ban, K. Ishikawa, T. Ishikawa, S. Ichise, N. Yamamura, and M. Kumagai
Biogeosciences, 8, 1383–1399, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1383-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1383-2011, 2011
T. Hauffe, C. Albrecht, K. Schreiber, K. Birkhofer, S. Trajanovski, and T. Wilke
Biogeosciences, 8, 175–188, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-175-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-175-2011, 2011
K. Lindhorst, H. Vogel, S. Krastel, B. Wagner, A. Hilgers, A. Zander, T. Schwenk, M. Wessels, and G. Daut
Biogeosciences, 7, 3531–3548, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3531-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3531-2010, 2010
C. Albrecht, H. Vogel, T. Hauffe, and T. Wilke
Biogeosciences, 7, 3435–3446, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3435-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3435-2010, 2010
S. Trajanovski, C. Albrecht, K. Schreiber, R. Schultheiß, T. Stadler, M. Benke, and T. Wilke
Biogeosciences, 7, 3387–3402, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3387-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3387-2010, 2010
T. Wilke, R. Schultheiß, C. Albrecht, N. Bornmann, S. Trajanovski, and T. Kevrekidis
Biogeosciences, 7, 3051–3065, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3051-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3051-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Abell, R.: Conservation biology for the biodiversity crisis: A freshwater follow-up, Conserv. Biol., 16, 1435–1437, 2002.
Albrecht, C. and Wilke, T.: Lake Ohrid: biodiversity and evolution, Hydrobiologia, 615, 103–140, 2008.
Albrecht, C., Hauffe, T., Schreiber, K., Trajanovski, S., and Wilke, T.: Mollusc biodiversity and endemism in the putative ancient lake Trichonis (Greece), Malacologia, 51, 357–375, 2009a.
Albrecht, C., Kroll, O., Terrazas, E. M., and Wilke, T.: Invasion of ancient Lake Titicaca by the globally invasive Physa acuta (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygrophila), Biol. Invasions, 11(8), 1821–1826, 2009b.
Albrecht, C., Hauffe, T., and Schreiber, K.: Red list assessment of Lake Ohrid molluscs, in: IUCN 2010, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2010.4., www.iucnredlist.org, last access: 14 December 2010.
Amataj, S., Anovski, T., Benischke, R., Eftimi, R., Gourcy, L. L., Kola, L., Leontiadis, I., Micevski, E., Stamos, A., and Zoto, J.: Tracer methods used to verify the hypothesis of Cvijić about the underground connection between Prespa and Ohrid Lake, Environ. Geol., 51(5), 749–753, 2007.
Avramoski, O., Kycyku, S., Naumoski, T., Panovski, D., Veli, P., Selfo, L., and Watzin, M.: Lake basin management initiative, experience and lessons learned brief: Lake Ohrid, in: Conference "Sharing experience and lessons learned in lake basin management", Burlington, Vermont, USA, 18–21 June, 2003.
Avramoski, O., Kycyku S., Naumoski, T., Panovski, D., Puka, V., Selfo, L., and Watzin, M.: Lake Ohrid – Experience and lessons learned brief, project report, http://www.ilec.or.jp/eg/lbmi/pdf/19_Lake_Ohrid_27February2006.pdf, last access: November 2010, 321–333, 2006.
Cadotte, M. W., Cardinale, B. J., and Oakley, T. H.: Evolutionary history and the effect of biodiversity on plant productivity, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 105, 17012–17017, 2008.
Cohen, A.: Extinction in Ancient Lakes: Biodiversity Crises and Conservation 40 Years after J. L. Brooks, in: Speciation in Ancient Lakes, edited by: Martens, K., Gooderis, B., and Coulter, G., Arch. Hydrobiol., 44, 453–481, 1994.
Cohen, A., Kaufman, L., and Ogutu-Ohwayo, R.: Anthropogenic threats, impacts and conservation strategies in the African Great Lakes – A review, in: The Limnology, Climatology and Paleoclimatology of the East African Lakes, edited by: Johnson, T. and Odada, E., Gordon and Breach Publ., Newark, N.J., USA, 575–624, 1996.
Coulter, G. W., Langenberg, V., Lowe-Mcconnell, R., Riedel, F., Roest, F., Sarvala, J., and Timoshkin, O.: Survival of ancient lake biodiversity, Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol., 29, 1178–1181, 2006.
Dénèfle, M., Lézine, A.-M., Fouache, E., and Dufaure, J.-J.: First pollen data from Albania: a 12 000 years history of lake Maliq, Quaternary Res., 54(3), 423–432, 2000.
Dudgeon, D., Arthington, A. H., Gessner, M. O., Kawabata, Z. I., Knowler, D. J., Lévêque, C., Naiman, R. J., Prieur-Richard, A. H., Soto, D., Stiassny, M. L. J., and Sullivan, C. A.: Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges, Biol. Rev., 81, 163–182, 2006.
Faloutsos, D., Constantianos, V., and Scoullos, M.: Assessment of the management of shared lake basins in southeastern Europe, GEF IW: LEARN Activity D2, GWP-Med, Athens, 84 pp., available at: http://www.watersee.net/files/ATT00372.pdf, last access: January 2010, 2006.
GEF Global Environmental Facility: Albania and the Former Yugoslav republic of Macedonia Lake Ohrid management project, available at: http://www.iwlearn.net/iw-projects/Fsp_112799468242/project_doc/lake-ohrid-project-brief-phase-ii-25p-68k.pdf/view, last access: 1 May 2010, 1997.
Genner, M. J., Todd, J. A., and Michel, E.: Resistance of an invasive gastropod to an indigenous trematode parasite in Lake Malawi, Biol. Invasions, 10, 48–49, 2008.
GeoHive: Country – population estimates 2008, http://www.xist.org/cntry/macedonia.aspx and http://www.xist.org/cntry/albania.aspx, last access: November 2010.
Glavin, T.: The sixth extinction: journey among the lost and left behind, Thomas Dunne Books, New York, 2007.
GIWA: Methodology Handbook. Scaling and Scoping, http://www.unep.org/dewa/giwa/methodology/RevScalScop_Meth_10July2001.PDF, last access: 5 May 2010, 2001.
Grazhdani, D.: Current status of tourism and its opportunities for ecotourism development in the lakes Prespa region, BALWOIS 2010 – Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 1–8, 2010.
Guseska, D., Naumoski, T., Mitic, V., Velkova-Jordanoska, L., Stojanoski, S., and Trajanovski, S. (Eds): Proceedings of the I Symposium for protection of natural lakes in republic of Macedonia, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 31 May–3 June 2007, 188 pp., 2007.
Hauffe, T., Albrecht, C., Schreiber, K., Birkhofer, K., Trajanovski, S., and Wilke, T.: Spatially explicit analyses of gastropod biodiversity in ancient Lake Ohrid, Biogeosciences Discuss., 7, 4953–4985, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-4953-2010, 2010.
Heiler, K. C. M., Nahavandi, N., and Albrecht, C.: A new invasion into an ancient lake – The invasion history of the dreissenid mussel Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad, 1831) and its first record in the Caspian Sea, Malacologia, 53, 185–192, 2010.
Holtvoeth, J., Vogel, H., Wagner, B., and Wolff, G. A.: Lipid biomarkers in Holocene and glacial sediments from ancient Lake Ohrid (Macedonia, Albania), Biogeosciences, 7, 3473–3489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3473-2010, 2010.
IUCN: IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 2001.
Jordanoski, M., Naumoski, T., and Veljanoska, S. E.: Physicochemical investigations of Ohrid and Prespa lake, in: Lake Ohrid and Prespa monitoring Program, 3rd Report, Hydrobiological Institute Ohrid, 09–20, 2004.
Jordanoski, M., Lokoska, L., and Veljanoska, S. E: The river Sateska and consequences of its diversion to Lake Ohrid. BALWOIS, Conference on Water Observation and Information Systems for Decision Support, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, http://www.balwois.com/cms/, last access: January 2010, 23–26 May 2006.
Kostoski, G., Gušeska, D., and Tasevska, O.: Zooplankton investigations, Lakes Ohrid and Prespa Monitoring Program, 3rd Report, Hydrobiological Institute Ohrid, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 45–60, 2004.
Kottelat, M. and Freyhof, J.: Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes, Cornol and Berlin, 646 pp., 2007.
Kuussaari, M., Bommarco, R., Heikkinen, R. K., Helm, A., Krauss, J., Lindborg, R., Ockinger, E., Pärtel, M., Pino, J., Rodà, F., Stefanescu, C., Teder, T., Zobel, M., and Steffan-Dewenter, I.: Extinction debt: a challenge for biodiversity conservation, Trends Ecol. Evol., 24(10), 564–571, 2009.
Lindhorst, K., Vogel, H., Krastel, S., Wagner, B., Hilgers, A., Zander, A., Schwenk, T., Wessels, M., and Daut, G.: Stratigraphic analysis of lake level fluctuations in Lake Ohrid: an integration of high resolution hydro-acoustic data and sediment cores, Biogeosciences, 7, 3531–3548, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3531-2010, 2010.
Lokoska, L., Novesvska, V., and Vasileska, A.: Microbiological investigations of Lake Ohrid, in: Lake Ohrid and Prespa monitoring Program, 3rd Report, Hydrobiological Institute Ohrid, 23–32, 2004.
Mankolli, H. and Peculi, V.: Global climate change impacts on Albania: meteorological analysis of Ohrid basin, BALWOIS 2010, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 25–29 May, 2010.
Marijnissen, S. A. E., Michel, E., Cleary, D. F. R., and McIntyre, P. B.: Ecology and conservation status of endemic freshwater crabs in Lake Tanganyika, Africa, Biodivers. Conserv., 18(6), 1555–1573, 2009.
Matter, M., Anselmetti, F. S., Jordanoska, B., Wagner, B., Wessels, M., and Wüest, A.: Carbonate sedimentation and effects of eutrophication observed at the Kališta subaquatic springs in Lake Ohrid (Macedonia), Biogeosciences, 7, 3755–3767, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3755-2010, 2010.
Matzinger, A., Jordanoski, M., Veljanoska-Sarafiloska, E., Sturm, M., Müller, B., and Wüest, A.: Is Lake Prespa jeopardizing the ecosystem of ancient Lake Ohrid?, Hydrobiologia, 553, 89–109, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-6427-9, 2006a.
Matzinger, A., Spirkovski, Z., Patceva, S., and Wüest, A.: Sensitivity of Ancient Lake Ohrid to Local Anthropogenic Impacts and Global Warming, J. Great Lakes Res., 32, 158–179, 2006b.
Matzinger, A., Schmid, M., Veljanoska-Sarafiloska, E., Patceva, S., Guseska, D., Wagner, B., Müller, B., Sturm, M., and Wüest, A.: Eutrophication of ancient Lake Ohrid: Global warming amplifies detrimental effects of increased nutrient inputs, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52, 338–353, 2007.
Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning: Country Study for Biodiversity of the Republic of Macedonia (First National Report), Skopje, 2003.
Moore, M. V., Hampton, S. E., Silow, E. A., Izmest'eva , L. R., Peshkova, E. V., and Pavlov, B. K.: Climate Change and the World's "Sacred Sea" – Lake Baikal, Siberia, Bioscience, 59(5), 405–417, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2009.59.5.8, 2009.
Noges, P., Kangur, K., Noges, T., Reinart, A., Simola, H., and Viljanen, M.: Highlights of large lake research and management in Europe, Hydrobiologia, 599, 259–276, 2008.
Norris, K. and Harper, N.: Extinction processes in hot spots of avian biodiversity and the targeting of pre-emptive conservation action, P. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Bio., 271, 123–130, 2004.
Panovski, D. and Kekenovski, J.: Lake Ohrid Conservation Project: Model for integrated management of transboundary waters (Presentation), Second International Conference on Sustainable Management of Transboundary Waters in Europe, Miedzyzdroje, Poland, 21–24 April, 2002.
Purvis, A., Jones, K. E., and Mace, G. M.: Extinction, BioEssays, 22(12), 1123–1133, 2000.
Riedel, F., Audzijonyte, A., and Mogue, N.: Aliens associating with Caspian endemic bivalves, Biol. Invasions, 8, 1067–1071, 2006.
Schmieder, K. and Pier, A.: Lakeside reed border characteristics at Lake Constance (Untersee): A comparison between 1981–1983 and 1994, Wetl. Ecol. Manag., 8(6), 435–445, 2000.
Secretariat of the Convention of Biological Diversity: Connecting biodiversity and climate change mitigation and adaptation, Report of the Second Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Biodiversity and Climate Change, Montreal, Canada, CDB Technical Series, 41, 127 pp., available at: www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-ts-41-en.pdf, 2009.
Serafimova, J.: 50 years since the establishment of the hydrobiological institute in Ohrid, A jubilee edition dedicated to the 50th Anniversary of the establishment of the Hydrobiological Institute in Ohrid, Hydrobiological Station Ohrid, 49–75, 1985.
Southeast European Times: Tourists flock to Southeast Europe for holidays, http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/articles/2007/10/08/reportage-01, last access: November 2010, 2007.
Spirkovski, Z. and Ilic-Boeva, D.: The state of the Lake Ohrid trout and Lake Ohrid Belvica, in: Lake Ohrid and Prespa monitoring Program, 3rd Report, Hydrobiological Institute Ohrid, 77–85, 2004.
Stanković, S.: The Balkan Lake Ohrid and its Living World, edited by: Junk, W., Monog. Biol., Den Haag, Netherlands, 9, 357 pp., 1960.
Stift, M., Michel, E., Sitnikova, T. Y., Mamonova, E. Y., and Sherbakov, D. Y.: Palaearctic gastropod gains a foothold in the dominion of endemics: range expansion and morphological change of Lymnaea (Radix) auricularia in Lake Baikal, Hydrobiologia, 513(1–3), 101–108, 2004.
Strauss, A. and Pezold, B. (compilers): All Along the Watchtowers: Field Guide for the Southeastern European Green Belt, IUCN Programme Office for Southeastern Europe, Belgrade, Serbia, 2009.
Strayer, D. L.: Challenges for freshwater invertebrate conservation, J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 25, 271–287, 2006.
Sturmbauer, C.: The Great Lakes in East Africa: biological conservation considerations for species flocks, Hydrobiologia, 615, 95–101, 2008.
Supreme Audit Institution: Report On the audit conducted at Ministry of Environement, Forestry and Water administration, on the preservation of Lake Ohrid Project, http://www.eurosaiwgea.org/Environmental\20of\20Ohrid.pdf, last access: 1 May 2010, 2008.
Szymanczak, R., Spirkovski, Z., and Sell, J.: A note on Salmo letnica, the endemic Ohrid Trout, population structuring, Review 42, Special Issue SIAL 5, p. 127, 2009.
Talevski, T., Milosevic, D., and Talevska, A.: Anthropogenic influence and conservation status of authochthonous fish fauna from Lake Ohrid, BALWOIS 2010, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 25–29 May, 2010.
Taylor, W. W. and Gerking, S. D.: Potential of the Ohrid rifle minnow, Alburnoides bipunctatus ohridanus, as an indicator of pollution, Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol., 20, 2178–2181, 1978.
Thomas, J. A., Telfer, M. G., Roy, D. B., Preston, C. D., Greenwood, J. J. D., Asher, J., Fox, R., Clarke, R. T., and Lawton, J. H.: Comparative Losses of British Butterflies, Birds, and Plants and the Global Extinction Crisis, Science, 303, 1879–1881, 5665, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1095046, 2004.
Thomas, C. D., Cameron, A., Green, R. E., Bakkenes, M., Beaumont, L. J., Collingham, Y. C., Erasmus, B. F. N., Ferreira de Siqueira, M., Grainger, A., Hannah, L., Hughes, L., Huntley, B., van Jaarsveld, A. S., Midgley, G. F., Miles, L., Ortega-Huerta, M. A., Townsend Peterson, A., Phillips, O. L., and Williams, S. E.: Extinction risk from climate change, Nature, 427, 145–148, 2004.
Tocko, M. and Sapkarev, J.: Annual variations of the important zoobenthic populations in Lake Ohrid, Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol., 20(2), 1090–1095, 1978.
Topi, D., Seitia, B., Halimib, E., and Gjinalic, E.: The Toxic Evaluation of PCBs in Edible Fishes from Ohrid Lake, BALWOIS 2010, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 25–29 May, 2010.
Trajanovska, S.: Taxonomy, ecology and status of the charophyte vegetation (CHAROPHYTA) from Lake Ohrid, Ph.D. thesis, St. Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of natural sciences and mathematics, Institute of Biology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, 2009.
Trajanovski, S.: Structure, dynamic and distribution of the macrozoobenthos from Lake Ohrid with a special view on settlement of the macrophytic vegetation, Ph.D. thesis, St. Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of natural sciences and mathematics, Institute of Biology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, 2005.
Trajanovski, S. and Budzakoska, B.: The qualitative composition of the macrozoobenthos as an indicator for the quality of the water of some littoral parts of Lake Ohrid, 31 Conference of current problems with water supply and protection of waters "Waters 2002", Serbia and Montenegro, Review, 55–160, 2002.
UNESCO ROSTE: Report about the Lake Ohrid watershed region, http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=24220&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html, last access: 1 May 2010, 2004.
Vogel, H., Wagner, B., Zanchetta, G., Sulpizio, R., and Rosén, P.: A paleoclimate record with tephrochronological age control for the last glacial-interglacial cycle from Lake Ohrid, Albania and Macedonia, J. Paleolimnol., 44, 295–310, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9404-x, 2010a.
Vogel, H., Wessels, M., Albrecht, C., Stich, H.-B., and Wagner, B.: Spatial variability of recent sedimentation in Lake Ohrid (Albania/Macedonia), Biogeosciences, 7, 3333–3342, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3333-2010, 2010b.
Von Rintelen, T. and Glaubrecht, M.: Three new species of the freshwater snail genus Tylomelania (Caenogastropoda: Pachychilidae) from the Malili lake system, Sulawesi, Indonesia, Zootaxa, 1852, 37–49, 2008.
Wagner, B., Reicherter, K., Daut, G., Wessels, M., Matzinger, A., Schwalb, A., Spirkovski, Z., and Sanxhaku, M.: The potential of Lake Ohrid for long-term palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 259, 341–356, 2008.
Wagner, B., Vogel, H., Zanchetta, G., and Sulpizio, R.: Environmental change within the Balkan region during the past ca. 50 ka recorded in the sediments from lakes Prespa and Ohrid, Biogeosciences, 7, 3187–3198, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3187-2010, 2010.
Watzin, M. C., Puka, V., and Naumoski, T. B. (Eds.): Lake Ohrid and its watershed, state of the environment report, Lake Ohrid Conservation Project, Tirana, Republic of Albania and Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 2002.
Wilke, T. and Albrecht, C.: How to stop the creeping biodiversity crisis in Lake Ohrid? Suggestions for sustainable conservation strategies of biodiversity hotspots, in: Proceedings of the I Symposium for protection of the natural lakes in Republic of Macedonia, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 31 May–3 June 2007, 44–45, 2007.
Wilke, T., Schulthei{ß}, R., Albrecht, C., Bornmann, N., Trajanovski, S., and Kevrekidis, T.: Native Dreissena freshwater mussels in the Balkans: in and out of ancient lakes, Biogeosciences, 7, 3051–3065, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3051-2010, 2010.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint