Articles | Volume 8, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1499-2011
© Author(s) 2011. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1499-2011
© Author(s) 2011. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 Jun 2011
Research article |
| 10 Jun 2011
The influence of land cover change in the Asian monsoon region on present-day and mid-Holocene climate
A. Dallmeyer
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, KlimaCampus Hamburg, Germany
M. Claussen
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, KlimaCampus Hamburg, Germany
Meteorological Institute, University of Hamburg, KlimaCampus Hamburg, Germany
Related subject area
Earth System Science/Response to Global Change: Models, Holocene/Anthropocene
Frost matters: incorporating late-spring frost into a dynamic vegetation model regulates regional productivity dynamics in European beech forests
Coupling numerical models of deltaic wetlands with AirSWOT, UAVSAR, and AVIRIS-NG remote sensing data
Meteorological history of low-forest-greenness events in Europe in 2002–2022
Modelling long-term alluvial-peatland dynamics in temperate river floodplains
Variable particle size distributions reduce the sensitivity of global export flux to climate change
Climate change will cause non-analog vegetation states in Africa and commit vegetation to long-term change
Uncertainties, sensitivities and robustness of simulated water erosion in an EPIC-based global gridded crop model
Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper-ocean nutrient and primary production decline from CMIP6 model projections
The capacity of northern peatlands for long-term carbon sequestration
Towards a more complete quantification of the global carbon cycle
Modeling seasonal and vertical habitats of planktonic foraminifera on a global scale
An enhanced forest classification scheme for modeling vegetation–climate interactions based on national forest inventory data
Sensitivity of woody carbon stocks to bark investment strategy in Neotropical savannas and forests
Modelling past, present and future peatland carbon accumulation across the pan-Arctic region
Biogenic sediments from coastal ecosystems to beach–dune systems: implications for the adaptation of mixed and carbonate beaches to future sea level rise
Modelling Holocene peatland dynamics with an individual-based dynamic vegetation model
Effects of climate change and land management on soil organic carbon dynamics and carbon leaching in northwestern Europe
Quantifying regional, time-varying effects of cropland and pasture on vegetation fire
HESFIRE: a global fire model to explore the role of anthropogenic and weather drivers
Impact of human population density on fire frequency at the global scale
Evaluation of biospheric components in Earth system models using modern and palaeo-observations: the state-of-the-art
A high-resolution and harmonized model approach for reconstructing and analysing historic land changes in Europe
Analyzing precipitationsheds to understand the vulnerability of rainfall dependent regions
A new concept for simulation of vegetated land surface dynamics – Part 1: The event driven phenology model
Alternative methods to predict actual evapotranspiration illustrate the importance of accounting for phenology – Part 2: The event driven phenology model
Sensitivity of Holocene atmospheric CO2 and the modern carbon budget to early human land use: analyses with a process-based model
Side effects and accounting aspects of hypothetical large-scale Southern Ocean iron fertilization
Combined biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects of large-scale forest cover changes in the MPI earth system model
Projected 21st century decrease in marine productivity: a multi-model analysis
Impact of atmospheric and terrestrial CO2 feedbacks on fertilization-induced marine carbon uptake
Benjamin F. Meyer, Allan Buras, Konstantin Gregor, Lucia S. Layritz, Adriana Principe, Jürgen Kreyling, Anja Rammig, and Christian S. Zang
Biogeosciences, 21, 1355–1370, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1355-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1355-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Late-spring frost (LSF), critically low temperatures when trees have already flushed their leaves, results in freezing damage leaving trees with reduced ability to perform photosynthesis. Forests with a high proportion of susceptible species like European beech are particularly vulnerable. However, this process is rarely included in dynamic vegetation models (DVMs). We show that the effect on simulated productivity and biomass is substantial, warranting more widespread inclusion of LSF in DVMs.
Luca Cortese, Carmine Donatelli, Xiaohe Zhang, Justin A. Nghiem, Marc Simard, Cathleen E. Jones, Michael Denbina, Cédric G. Fichot, Joshua P. Harringmeyer, and Sergio Fagherazzi
Biogeosciences, 21, 241–260, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-241-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-241-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that numerical models in coastal areas can greatly benefit from the spatial information provided by remote sensing. Three Delft3D numerical models in coastal Louisiana are calibrated using airborne SAR and hyperspectral remote sensing products from the recent NASA Delta-X mission. The comparison with the remote sensing allows areas where the models perform better to be spatially verified and yields more representative parameters for the entire area.
Mauro Hermann, Matthias Röthlisberger, Arthur Gessler, Andreas Rigling, Cornelius Senf, Thomas Wohlgemuth, and Heini Wernli
Biogeosciences, 20, 1155–1180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1155-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1155-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the multi-annual meteorological history of low-forest-greenness events in Europe's temperate and Mediterranean biome in 2002–2022. We systematically identify anomalies in temperature, precipitation, and weather systems as event precursors, with noteworthy differences between the two biomes. We also quantify the impact of the most extensive event in 2022 (37 % coverage), underlining the importance of understanding the forest–meteorology interaction in a changing climate.
Ward Swinnen, Nils Broothaerts, and Gert Verstraeten
Biogeosciences, 18, 6181–6212, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6181-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6181-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a new modelling framework specifically designed to simulate alluvial peat growth, taking into account the river dynamics. The results indicate that alluvial peat growth is strongly determined by the number, spacing and movement of the river channels in the floodplain, rather than by environmental changes or peat properties. As such, the amount of peat that can develop in a floodplain is strongly determined by the characteristics and dynamics of the local river network.
Shirley W. Leung, Thomas Weber, Jacob A. Cram, and Curtis Deutsch
Biogeosciences, 18, 229–250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-229-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-229-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A global model is constrained with empirical relationships to quantify how shifts in sinking-particle sizes modulate particulate organic carbon export production changes in a warming ocean. Including the effect of dynamic particle sizes on remineralization reduces the magnitude of predicted 100-year changes in export production by ~14 %. Projections of future export could thus be improved by considering dynamic phytoplankton and particle-size-dependent remineralization depths.
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Dushyant Kumar, Carola Martens, and Simon Scheiter
Biogeosciences, 17, 5829–5847, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5829-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5829-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Lags caused by delayed vegetation response to changing environmental conditions can lead to disequilibrium vegetation states. Awareness of this issue is relevant for ecosystem conservation. We used the aDGVM vegetation model to quantify the difference between transient and equilibrium vegetation states in Africa during the 21st century for two potential climate trajectories. Lag times increased over time and vegetation was non-analog to any equilibrium state due to multi-lag composite states.
Tony W. Carr, Juraj Balkovič, Paul E. Dodds, Christian Folberth, Emil Fulajtar, and Rastislav Skalsky
Biogeosciences, 17, 5263–5283, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5263-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5263-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We generate 30-year mean water erosion estimates in global maize and wheat fields based on daily simulation outputs from an EPIC-based global gridded crop model. Evaluation against field data confirmed the robustness of the outputs for the majority of global cropland and overestimations at locations with steep slopes and strong rainfall. Additionally, we address sensitivities and uncertainties of model inputs to improve water erosion estimates in global agricultural impact studies.
Lester Kwiatkowski, Olivier Torres, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Aumont, Matthew Chamberlain, James R. Christian, John P. Dunne, Marion Gehlen, Tatiana Ilyina, Jasmin G. John, Andrew Lenton, Hongmei Li, Nicole S. Lovenduski, James C. Orr, Julien Palmieri, Yeray Santana-Falcón, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Charles A. Stock, Alessandro Tagliabue, Yohei Takano, Jerry Tjiputra, Katsuya Toyama, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, and Tilo Ziehn
Biogeosciences, 17, 3439–3470, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We assess 21st century projections of marine biogeochemistry in the CMIP6 Earth system models. These models represent the most up-to-date understanding of climate change. The models generally project greater surface ocean warming, acidification, subsurface deoxygenation, and euphotic nitrate reductions but lesser primary production declines than the previous generation of models. This has major implications for the impact of anthropogenic climate change on marine ecosystems.
Georgii A. Alexandrov, Victor A. Brovkin, Thomas Kleinen, and Zicheng Yu
Biogeosciences, 17, 47–54, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-47-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-47-2020, 2020
Miko U. F. Kirschbaum, Guang Zeng, Fabiano Ximenes, Donna L. Giltrap, and John R. Zeldis
Biogeosciences, 16, 831–846, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-831-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-831-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Globally, C is added to the atmosphere from fossil fuels and deforestation, balanced by ocean uptake and atmospheric increase. The difference (residual sink) is equated to plant uptake. But this omits cement carbonation; transport to oceans by dust; riverine organic C and volatile organics; and increased C in plastic, bitumen, wood, landfills, and lakes. Their inclusion reduces the residual sink from 3.6 to 2.1 GtC yr-1 and thus the inferred ability of the biosphere to alter human C emissions.
Kerstin Kretschmer, Lukas Jonkers, Michal Kucera, and Michael Schulz
Biogeosciences, 15, 4405–4429, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4405-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4405-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The fossil shells of planktonic foraminifera are widely used to reconstruct past climate conditions. To do so, information about their seasonal and vertical habitat is needed. Here we present an updated version of a planktonic foraminifera model to better understand species-specific habitat dynamics under climate change. This model produces spatially and temporally coherent distribution patterns, which agree well with available observations, and can thus aid the interpretation of proxy records.
Titta Majasalmi, Stephanie Eisner, Rasmus Astrup, Jonas Fridman, and Ryan M. Bright
Biogeosciences, 15, 399–412, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-399-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-399-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Forest management shapes forest structure and in turn surface–atmosphere interactions. We used Fennoscandian forest maps and inventory data to develop a classification system for forest structure. The classification was integrated with the ESA Climate Change Initiative land cover map to achieve complete surface representation. The result is an improved product for modeling surface–atmosphere exchanges in regions with intensively managed forests.
Anna T. Trugman, David Medvigy, William A. Hoffmann, and Adam F. A. Pellegrini
Biogeosciences, 15, 233–243, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-233-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-233-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Tree fire tolerance strategies may significantly impact woody carbon stability and the existence of tropical savannas under global climate change. We used a numerical ecosystem model to test the impacts of fire survival strategy under differing fire and rainfall regimes. We found that the high survival rate of large fire-tolerant trees reduced carbon losses with increasing fire frequency, and reduced the range of conditions leading to either complete tree loss or complete grass loss.
Nitin Chaudhary, Paul A. Miller, and Benjamin Smith
Biogeosciences, 14, 4023–4044, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4023-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4023-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We employed an individual- and patch-based dynamic global ecosystem model to quantify long-term C accumulation rates and to assess the effects of historical and projected climate change on peatland C balances across the pan-Arctic. We found that peatlands in Scandinavia, Europe, Russia and central and eastern Canada will become C sources, while Siberia, far eastern Russia, Alaska and western and northern Canada will increase their sink capacity by the end of the 21st century.
Giovanni De Falco, Emanuela Molinaroli, Alessandro Conforti, Simone Simeone, and Renato Tonielli
Biogeosciences, 14, 3191–3205, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3191-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3191-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantifies the contribution of carbonate sediments, produced in seagrass meadows and in photophilic algal communities, to the sediment budget of a beach–dune system. The contribution to the beach sediment budget represents a further ecosystem service provided by seagrass. The dependence of the beach sediment budget on carbonate production associated with coastal ecosystems has implications for the adaptation of carbonate beaches to the seagrass decline and sea level rise.
Nitin Chaudhary, Paul A. Miller, and Benjamin Smith
Biogeosciences, 14, 2571–2596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2571-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2571-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We incorporated peatland dynamics into
Arcticversion of dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS to understand the long-term evolution of northern peatlands and effects of climate change on peatland carbon balance. We found that the Stordalen mire may be expected to sequester more carbon before 2050 due to milder and wetter climate conditions, a longer growing season and CO2 fertilization effect, turning into a C source after 2050 because of higher decomposition rates in response to warming soils.
Maria Stergiadi, Marcel van der Perk, Ton C. M. de Nijs, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Biogeosciences, 13, 1519–1536, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1519-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1519-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We modelled the effects of changes in climate and land management on soil organic carbon (SOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels in sandy and loamy soils under forest, grassland, and arable land. Climate change causes a decrease in both SOC and DOC for the agricultural systems, whereas for the forest systems, SOC slightly increases. A reduction in fertilizer application leads to a decrease in SOC and DOC levels under arable land but has a negligible effect under grassland.
S. S. Rabin, B. I. Magi, E. Shevliakova, and S. W. Pacala
Biogeosciences, 12, 6591–6604, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6591-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6591-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
People worldwide use fire to manage agriculture, but often also suppress fire in the landscape surrounding their fields. Here, we estimate the net result of these effects of cropland and pasture on fire at a regional, monthly level. Pasture is shown, for the first time, to contribute strongly to global patterns of burning. Our results could be used to improve representations of burning in global vegetation and climate models, improving our understanding of how people affect the Earth system.
Y. Le Page, D. Morton, B. Bond-Lamberty, J. M. C. Pereira, and G. Hurtt
Biogeosciences, 12, 887–903, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-887-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-887-2015, 2015
W. Knorr, T. Kaminski, A. Arneth, and U. Weber
Biogeosciences, 11, 1085–1102, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1085-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1085-2014, 2014
A. M. Foley, D. Dalmonech, A. D. Friend, F. Aires, A. T. Archibald, P. Bartlein, L. Bopp, J. Chappellaz, P. Cox, N. R. Edwards, G. Feulner, P. Friedlingstein, S. P. Harrison, P. O. Hopcroft, C. D. Jones, J. Kolassa, J. G. Levine, I. C. Prentice, J. Pyle, N. Vázquez Riveiros, E. W. Wolff, and S. Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 10, 8305–8328, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8305-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8305-2013, 2013
R. Fuchs, M. Herold, P. H. Verburg, and J. G. P. W. Clevers
Biogeosciences, 10, 1543–1559, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1543-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1543-2013, 2013
P. W. Keys, R. J. van der Ent, L. J. Gordon, H. Hoff, R. Nikoli, and H. H. G. Savenije
Biogeosciences, 9, 733–746, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-733-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-733-2012, 2012
V. Kovalskyy and G. M. Henebry
Biogeosciences, 9, 141–159, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-141-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-141-2012, 2012
V. Kovalskyy and G. M. Henebry
Biogeosciences, 9, 161–177, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-161-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-161-2012, 2012
B. D. Stocker, K. Strassmann, and F. Joos
Biogeosciences, 8, 69–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-69-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-69-2011, 2011
A. Oschlies, W. Koeve, W. Rickels, and K. Rehdanz
Biogeosciences, 7, 4017–4035, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-4017-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-4017-2010, 2010
S. Bathiany, M. Claussen, V. Brovkin, T. Raddatz, and V. Gayler
Biogeosciences, 7, 1383–1399, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1383-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1383-2010, 2010
M. Steinacher, F. Joos, T. L. Frölicher, L. Bopp, P. Cadule, V. Cocco, S. C. Doney, M. Gehlen, K. Lindsay, J. K. Moore, B. Schneider, and J. Segschneider
Biogeosciences, 7, 979–1005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-979-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-979-2010, 2010
A. Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 6, 1603–1613, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1603-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1603-2009, 2009
Cited articles
Adler, R. F., Huffman, G. J., Chang, A., Ferraro, R., Xie, P., Janowiak, J., Rudolf, B., Schneider, U., Curtis, S., Bolvin, D., Gruber, A., Susskind, J., Arkin, P., Nelkin, E.: The Version 2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Monthly Precipitation Anaysis (1979-Present), J. Hydrometeor., 4, 1147–1167, 2003.
Ansari, M. and Vink, A.: Vegetation history and palaeoclimate of the past 30 kyr in Pakistan as inferred from the palynology of continental margin sediments off the Indus Delta, Rev. Paleobot. Palynol., 145, 201–216, 2007.
Bathiany, S., Claussen, M., Brovkin, V., Raddatz, T., and Gayler, V.: Combined biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects of large-scale forest cover changes in the MPI earth system model, Biogeosciences, 7, 1383–1399, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1383-2010, 2010.
Bonan, G. B.: Forests and climate change: Forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests, Science, 320, 1444–1449, 2008.
Bonan, G B., Pollard, D., and Thompson, S.L.: Effects of boreal forest vegetation on global climate, Nature, 359, 716-718, 1992.
Chalita, S. and Le Treut, H.: The albedo of temperate and boreal forest and the Northern Hemisphere climate: a sensitivity experiment using the LMD GCM, Clim. Dynam., 10, 231-�240, 1994.
Claussen, M., Brovkin, V., and Ganopolski, A.: Biogeophysical versus biogeochemical feedbacks of large scale land cover change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1011–1014, 2001.
Clift, P. D. and Plumb, R.A.: The Asian monsoon: causes, history and effects, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, p. 270, 2008.
Dallmeyer, A., Claussen, M., and Otto, J.: Contribution of oceanic and vegetation feedbacks to Holocene climate change in monsoonal Asia, Clim. Past, 6, 195–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-195-2010, 2010.
Duan, A. and Wu, G. X.: Role of the Tibetan Plateau thermal forcing in the summer climate pattern over subtropical Asia, Clim. Dynam., 24, 793–807, 2005.
Findell, K. L., Knutson, T. R., and Milly, P. C. D.: Weak simulated extratropical responses to complete tropical deforestation, J. Climate, 19, 2835–2850, 2006.
Fleitmann, D., Burns, S. J., Mudelsee, M., Neff, U., Kramers, J., Mangini, A., and Matter, A.: Holocene forcing of the Indian monsoon recorded in a stalagmite from Southern Oman, Science, 300, 1737–1739, 2003.
Fu, C.: Potential impacts of human-induced land cover change on East Asia monsoon, Global Planet. Change, 37, 219–229, 2003.
Gao, X. J., Zhang, D. F., Chen, Z. X., Pal, J. S., and Giorgi, F.: Land use effects on climate in China as simulated by a regional climate model, Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 50(4), 620–628, 2007.
Gedney, N. and Valdes, P. J.: The effect of Amazonian deforestation on the Northern Hemisphere circulation and climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3053–3056, 2000.
Hasler, N., Werth, D., and Avissar, R.: Effects of tropical deforestation on global hydroclimate: A multimodel ensemble analysis, J. Climate, 22, 1124–1141, 2009.
Henderson-Sellers, A., Dickinson, R. E. , Durbidge, T. B., Kennedy, P. J., McGuffie, K., and Pitman, A. J.: Tropical deforestation: Modeling local-scale to regional-scale climate change, J. Geophys. Res., 98(D4), 7289–7315, 1993.
Herzschuh, U., Birks, H. J. B., Ni, J., Zhao, Y., Liu, H., Liu, X., and Grosse, G.: Holocene land-cover changes on the Tibetan Plateau, The Holocene, 20, 91–104, 2010.
Ivory, S. and Lézine, A.-M.: Climate Environmental change at the end of the Holocene Humid Period: a pollen record off Pakistan, C. R. Geoscience, 341, 760–769, 2009.
Jungclaus, J. H., Botzet, M., Haak, H., Keenlyside, N., Luo, J.-J., Latif, M., Marotzke, J., Mikolajewicz, U., and Roeckner, E.: Ocean circulation and tropical variability in the coupled model ECHAM5/MPI-OM, J. Climate, 19, 3952–3972, 2006.
Li, C. and Yanai, M.: The onset and interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon in relation to land-sea thermal contrast, J. Clim., 9, 358–375, 1996.
Loveland, T. R., Reed, B. C., Brown, J. F., Ohlen, D. O., Zhu, Z., Yang, L., and Merchant, J. W.: Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data, Int. J. Remote Sens., 21, 1303–1330, 2000.
Maher, B. A.: Holocene variability of the East Asian summer monsoon from Chinese cave records: a re-assessment, The Holocene, 18(6), 861–866, 2008.
Marsland, S. J., Haak, H., Jungclaus, J. H., Latif, M., and Roske, F.: The Max-Planck-Institute global ocean/sea ice model with orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Ocean Modell., 5, 91–127, 2003.
Mitchell, T. D and Jones, P. D.: An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids, Int. J. Climatol., 25(6), 693–712, 2005.
Pielke, R. A., Avissar, R., Raupach, M., Dolman, A. J., Zeng, X. B., and Denning, A. S.: Interactions between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems: influence on weather and climate, Glob. Change Biol., 4, 461–475, 1998.
Polcher, J. and Laval, K.: The impact of African and Amazonian deforestation on tropical climate, J. Hydrol., 155, 389–405, 389405, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)90179-1, 1994.
Polcher J, McAvaney, B., Viterbo, P., Baertner, M-A., Hahmann, A., Mahfouf, J.-F., Noilhan, J., Phillips, T., Pitman, A., Schlosser, C. A., Schulz, J-P., Timbal, B., Verseghy, D., and Xue, Y.: A proposal for a general interface between land surface schemes and general circulation models, Global Planet. Change, 19, 261–276, 1998.
Pongratz, J., Reick, C., Raddatz, T., and Claussen, M.: A reconstruction of global agricultural areas and land cover for the last millennium, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB3018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003153, 2008.
Raddatz, T. J., Reick, C. H., Knorr, W., Kattge, J., Roeckner, E., Schnur, R., Schnitzler, K.-G., Wetzel, P., and Jungclaus, J.: Will the tropical land biosphere dominate the climate-carbon cycle feedback during the twenty-first century?, Clim. Dyn., 29, 565–574, 2007.
Ramankutty, N. and Foley, J. A.: Estimating historical changes in global land cover: croplands from 1700 to 1992, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 13(4), 997–1027, 1999.
Ren, G.: Decline of the mid- to late Holocene forests in China: climatic change or human impact?, J. Quatern. Sci., 15(3), 273–281, 2000.
Ren, G.: Changes in forest cover in China during the Holocene, Veget. Hist. Archaeobot., 16, 119–126, 2007.
Ren, G., and Beug, H-J.: Mapping Holocene pollen data and vegetation of China. Quat. Sci. Rev., 21, 1395–1422, 2002.
Rodwell, M. J. and Hoskins, B. J.: Monsoons ant the dynamic of deserts. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 1385–1404, 1996.
Roeckner, E., Bäuml, G., Bonaventura, L., Brokopf, R., Esch, M., Giorgetta, M., Hagemann, S., Kirchner, I., Kornblueh, L., Manzini, E., Rhodin, A., Schlese, U., Schultzweida, U., and Tompkins, A.: The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5. Part I: Model description, Max-Planck-Inst. f. Meteor., Report No 349, Hamburg, 2003.
Simmons, A. J. and Gibson, J. K.: The ERA-40 Project Plan, ERA{\-}40 Project Report Series No. 1 ECMWF. Shinfield Park, Reading, UK, 63 pp., 2000.
Singh, G., Wasson, R. J., and Agrawal, D. P.: Vegetational and seasonal climate changes since the last full glacial in the Thar Desert, northwestern India, Rev. Paleobot. Palynol., 64, 351–358, 1990.
Snyder, P. K.: The influence of tropical deforestation on the Northern Hemisphere climate by atmospheric teleconnections, Earth Interact., 14, 1–34, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010EI280.1, 2010.
Wang, Y. J., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., He, Y. Q., Kong, X. G., An, Z. S., Wu, J. Y., Kelly, M. J., Dykoski, C. A., and Li, X. D.: The Holocene Asian monsoon: Links to solar changes and North Atlantic climate, Science, 308, 854–857, 2005.
Webster, P. J., Magaòa, V. O., Palmer, T. N., Shukla, J., Tomas, R. A., Yanai, M., and Yasunari, T.: Monsoons: Processes, predictability, and the prospects for prediction, J. Geophys. Res., 103(C7), 14451–14510, 1998.
Werth, D. and Avissar, R.: The local and global effects of Amazonian deforestation, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8087, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000717, 2002.
Werth, D. and Avissar, R.: The local and global effects of Southeast Asian deforestation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L20702, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022970, 2005a.
Werth, D. and Avissar, R.: The local and global effects of African deforestation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12704, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022969, 2005b.
Xie, P. and Arkin, P. A.: Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2539–2558, 1997.
Yasunari, T.: Role of Land-Atmosphere Interaction on Asian Monsoon Climate, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 85B, 55–75, 2007.
Ye, D. Z. and Wu, G. X.: The role of the heat source of the Tibetan Plateau in the general circulation, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 67, 181–198, 1998.
Yu, G., Chen, X., Ni, J., Cheddadi, R., Guiot, J., Han, H., Harrison, S.P., Huang, C., Ke, M., Kong, Z., Li, S., Li, W., Liew, P., Liu, G., Liu, J., Liu, Q., Liu, K.-B., Prentice, I.C., Qui, W., Ren, G., Song, C., Sugita, S., Sun, X., Tang, L., Van Campo, E., Xia, Y., Xu, Q., Yan, S., Yang, X., Zhao, J., and Zheng, Z.: Palaeovegetation of China: a pollen date-based synthesis for the mid-Holocene and last glacial maximum, J. Biogeogr., 27, 635–664, 2000.
Zhao, Y., Yu, Z., and Chen, F.: Spatial and temporal patterns of Holocene vegetation and climate changes in arid and semi-arid China, Quat. Int., 194, 6–18, 2009.
Zhang, H. Q. and Gao X. J.: On the atmospheric dynamical response to land-use change in East Asian monsoon region, Clim. Dyn., 33, 409–426, 2008.
Zheng, Y. Q., Yu, G., Qian, Y. F., Miao, M., Zeng, X. M., and Liu, H. Q.: Simulations of regional climatic effects of vegetation change in China, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 128, 2089–2114, 2002.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint