Articles | Volume 18, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-849-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-849-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A limited effect of sub-tropical typhoons on phytoplankton dynamics
State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
Xiaogang Xing
State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
Yunwei Yan
State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
Huijie Xue
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
Mark Wells
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
Emmanuel Boss
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
Related authors
Viktor Gouretski, Lijing Cheng, Juan Du, Xiaogang Xing, Fei Chai, and Zhetao Tan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5503–5530, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5503-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5503-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
High-quality observations are crucial to understanding ocean oxygen changes and their impact on marine biota. We developed a quality control procedure to ensure the high quality of the heterogeneous ocean oxygen data archive and to prove data consistency. Oxygen data obtained by means of oxygen sensors on autonomous Argo floats were compared with reference data based on the chemical analysis, and estimates of the residual offsets were obtained.
Qian Wang, Yang Zhang, Fei Chai, Y. Joseph Zhang, and Lorenzo Zampieri
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7067–7081, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7067-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7067-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We coupled an unstructured hydro-model with an advanced column sea ice model to meet the growing demand for increased resolution and complexity in unstructured sea ice models. Additionally, we present a novel tracer transport scheme for the sea ice coupled model and demonstrate that this scheme fulfills the requirements for conservation, accuracy, efficiency, and monotonicity in an idealized test. Our new coupled model also has good performance in realistic tests.
Shuangling Chen, Mark L. Wells, Rui Xin Huang, Huijie Xue, Jingyuan Xi, and Fei Chai
Biogeosciences, 18, 5539–5554, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Subduction transports surface waters to the oceanic interior, which can supply significant amounts of carbon and oxygen to the twilight zone. Using a novel BGC-Argo dataset covering the western North Pacific, we successfully identified the imprints of episodic shallow subduction patches. These subduction patches were observed mainly in spring and summer (70.6 %), and roughly half of them extended below ~ 450 m, injecting carbon- and oxygen-enriched waters into the ocean interior.
Guillaume Bourdin, Lee Karp-Boss, Fabien Lombard, Gabriel Gorsky, and Emmanuel Boss
Biogeosciences, 22, 3207–3233, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3207-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3207-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Remote islands and atolls create unique oceanic processes that affect the surrounding waters, known as the island mass effect (IME). These processes input nutrients to the ocean surface, leading to an increasing phytoplankton concentration near islands. We combine data from various satellites and modeled currents to better track these changes. This reveals a larger IME impact than previously estimated, suggesting that islands play a more significant role in ocean food chains in subtropical regions.
Aaron Chesler, Dominic Winski, Karl Kreutz, Bess Koffman, Erich Osterberg, David Ferris, Zayta Thundercloud, Jihong Cole-Dai, Mark Wells, Aaron Putnam, and Katherine Anderson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1897, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1897, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds impact global climate and Antarctic ice sheet stability; however, there are few complete records over the past 12,000 years. We use a new mineral dust record from a South Pole ice core and identify a decrease in particle concentration and an increase in coarse particle percentage over the past ~11,000 years. Together with other records, our data suggests a southward shift in the winds starting ~6,500 years ago related to warming in the Southern Hemisphere.
Yangjie Sheng, Yanan Wang, Ting Cai, Yuntao Wang, Afef Fathalli, Sana Ben Ismail, and Yuanyuan Feng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1292, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1292, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted semi-continuous incubation experiments on two ecologically significant marine diatom species, Thalassiosira sp. and Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima, to examine the physiological responses to ocean warming and temperature fluctuation. These findings highlight the influence of temperature fluctuation on the physiology of marine diatoms in the context of global warming, thus having implications for further understanding the biogeochemical feedbacks.
Viktor Gouretski, Lijing Cheng, Juan Du, Xiaogang Xing, Fei Chai, and Zhetao Tan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5503–5530, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5503-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5503-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
High-quality observations are crucial to understanding ocean oxygen changes and their impact on marine biota. We developed a quality control procedure to ensure the high quality of the heterogeneous ocean oxygen data archive and to prove data consistency. Oxygen data obtained by means of oxygen sensors on autonomous Argo floats were compared with reference data based on the chemical analysis, and estimates of the residual offsets were obtained.
Qian Wang, Yang Zhang, Fei Chai, Y. Joseph Zhang, and Lorenzo Zampieri
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7067–7081, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7067-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7067-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We coupled an unstructured hydro-model with an advanced column sea ice model to meet the growing demand for increased resolution and complexity in unstructured sea ice models. Additionally, we present a novel tracer transport scheme for the sea ice coupled model and demonstrate that this scheme fulfills the requirements for conservation, accuracy, efficiency, and monotonicity in an idealized test. Our new coupled model also has good performance in realistic tests.
Aaron Chesler, Dominic Winski, Karl Kreutz, Bess Koffman, Erich Osterberg, David Ferris, Zayta Thundercloud, Joseph Mohan, Jihong Cole-Dai, Mark Wells, Michael Handley, Aaron Putnam, Katherine Anderson, and Natalie Harmon
Clim. Past, 19, 477–492, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-477-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-477-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice core microparticle data typically use geometry assumptions to calculate particle mass and flux. We use dynamic particle imaging, a novel technique for ice core dust analyses, combined with traditional laser particle counting and Coulter counter techniques to assess particle shape in the South Pole Ice Core (SPC14) spanning 50–16 ka. Our results suggest that particles are dominantly ellipsoidal in shape and that spherical assumptions overestimate particle mass and flux.
Steve Widdicombe, Kirsten Isensee, Yuri Artioli, Juan Diego Gaitán-Espitia, Claudine Hauri, Janet A. Newton, Mark Wells, and Sam Dupont
Ocean Sci., 19, 101–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-101-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-101-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean acidification is a global perturbation of the ocean carbonate chemistry as a consequence of increased carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. While great progress has been made over the last decade for chemical monitoring, ocean acidification biological monitoring remains anecdotal. This is a consequence of a lack of standards, general methodological framework, and overall methodology. This paper presents methodology focusing on sensitive traits and rates of change.
Darren C. McKee, Scott C. Doney, Alice Della Penna, Emmanuel S. Boss, Peter Gaube, Michael J. Behrenfeld, and David M. Glover
Biogeosciences, 19, 5927–5952, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5927-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5927-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As phytoplankton (small, drifting photosynthetic organisms) drift with ocean currents, biomass accumulation rates should be evaluated in a Lagrangian (observer moves with a fluid parcel) as opposed to an Eulerian (observer is stationary) framework. Here, we use profiling floats and surface drifters combined with satellite data to analyse time and length scales of chlorophyll concentrations (a proxy for biomass) and of velocity to quantify how phytoplankton variability is related to water motion.
Rainer Kiko, Marc Picheral, David Antoine, Marcel Babin, Léo Berline, Tristan Biard, Emmanuel Boss, Peter Brandt, Francois Carlotti, Svenja Christiansen, Laurent Coppola, Leandro de la Cruz, Emilie Diamond-Riquier, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Amanda Elineau, Gabriel Gorsky, Lionel Guidi, Helena Hauss, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Lee Karp-Boss, Johannes Karstensen, Dong-gyun Kim, Rachel M. Lekanoff, Fabien Lombard, Rubens M. Lopes, Claudie Marec, Andrew M. P. McDonnell, Daniela Niemeyer, Margaux Noyon, Stephanie H. O'Daly, Mark D. Ohman, Jessica L. Pretty, Andreas Rogge, Sarah Searson, Masashi Shibata, Yuji Tanaka, Toste Tanhua, Jan Taucher, Emilia Trudnowska, Jessica S. Turner, Anya Waite, and Lars Stemmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4315–4337, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The term
marine particlescomprises detrital aggregates; fecal pellets; bacterioplankton, phytoplankton and zooplankton; and even fish. Here, we present a global dataset that contains 8805 vertical particle size distribution profiles obtained with Underwater Vision Profiler 5 (UVP5) camera systems. These data are valuable to the scientific community, as they can be used to constrain important biogeochemical processes in the ocean, such as the flux of carbon to the deep sea.
Ruili Sun, Peiliang Li, Yanzhen Gu, Fangguo Zhai, Yunwei Yan, Bo Li, and Yang Zhang
Ocean Sci., 18, 717–728, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-717-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-717-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies show that only when water flows into and out of the Luzon Strait (LS), material and energy exchange between the South China Sea (SCS) and the Northwest Pacific (NWP) will take place. However, our studies demonstrate that mesoscale eddies in the NWP can transfer vorticity to mesoscale eddies in the SCS, without water exchange in the LS. This provides a new perspective for the study of material and energy exchange between the SCS and NWP.
Shuangling Chen, Mark L. Wells, Rui Xin Huang, Huijie Xue, Jingyuan Xi, and Fei Chai
Biogeosciences, 18, 5539–5554, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Subduction transports surface waters to the oceanic interior, which can supply significant amounts of carbon and oxygen to the twilight zone. Using a novel BGC-Argo dataset covering the western North Pacific, we successfully identified the imprints of episodic shallow subduction patches. These subduction patches were observed mainly in spring and summer (70.6 %), and roughly half of them extended below ~ 450 m, injecting carbon- and oxygen-enriched waters into the ocean interior.
Yang Feng, Dimitris Menemenlis, Huijie Xue, Hong Zhang, Dustin Carroll, Yan Du, and Hui Wu
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1801–1819, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1801-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1801-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Simulation of coastal plume regions was improved in global ECCOv4 with a series of sensitivity tests. We find modeled SSS is closer to SMAP when using daily point-source runoff as well as increasing the resolution from coarse to intermediate. The plume characteristics, freshwater transport, and critical water properties are modified greatly. But this may not happen with a further increase to high resolution. The study will advance the seamless modeling of land–ocean–atmosphere feedback in ESMs.
Emilio Marañón, France Van Wambeke, Julia Uitz, Emmanuel S. Boss, Céline Dimier, Julie Dinasquet, Anja Engel, Nils Haëntjens, María Pérez-Lorenzo, Vincent Taillandier, and Birthe Zäncker
Biogeosciences, 18, 1749–1767, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1749-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1749-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of chlorophyll is commonly used as an indicator of the abundance of photosynthetic plankton (phytoplankton) in lakes and oceans. Our study investigates why a deep chlorophyll maximum, located near the bottom of the upper, illuminated layer develops in the Mediterranean Sea. We find that the acclimation of cells to low light is the main mechanism involved and that this deep maximum represents also a maximum in the biomass and carbon fixation activity of phytoplankton.
Cited articles
Argo:
Argo float data and metadata from Global Data Assembly Centre (Argo GDAC),
SEANOE,
https://doi.org/10.17882/42182, 2020.
Babin, S. M., Carton, J. A., Dickey. T. D., and Wiggert, J. D.:
Satellite evidence of hurricane induced phytoplankton blooms in an oceanic desert,
J. Geophys. Res.,
109, C03043, 2004.
Balaguru, K., Foltz, G. R., Leung, L. R., and Emanuel, K. A.:
Global warming-induced upper-ocean freshening and the intensification of super typhoons,
Nat. Commun.,
7, 13670, 2016.
Bauer, A. and Waniek, J. J.:
Factors affecting chlorophyll a concentration in the central Beibu Gulf, South China Sea,
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.,
474, 67–88, 2013.
Bishop, J. K. B., Davis, R. E., and Sherman, J. T.:
Robotic observations of dust storm enhancement of carbon biomass in the North Pacific,
Science,
298, 817–821, 2002.
Boss, E., Swift, D., Taylor, L., Brickley, P., Zaneveld, R., Riser, S., Perry, M. J., and Strutton, P. G.:
Observations of pigment and particle distributions in the western North Atlantic from an autonomous float and ocean color satellite,
Limnol. Oceanogr.,
53, 2112–2122, 2008.
Boyce, D. G., Lewis, M. R., and Worm, B.:
Global phytoplankton decline over the past century,
Nature,
466, 591–96, 2010.
Chacko, N.:
Chlorophyll bloom in response to tropical cyclone Hudhud in the Bay of Bengal: Bio-Argo subsurface observations,
Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I,
124, 66–72, 2017.
Chai, F., Johnson, K. S., Claustre, H., Xing, X., Wang, Y., Boss, E., Riser, S., Fennel, K., Oscar Schofield, O., and Sutton, A.:
Monitoring ocean biogeochemistry with autonomous platforms,
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,
1, 315–326, 2020.
Chang, Y., Liao, H. T., Lee, M. A., Chan, J. W., Shieh, W. J., Lee, K. T., Wang, G. H., and Lan, Y. C.:
Multisatellite observation on upwelling after the passage of Typhoon Hai-Tang in the southern East China Sea,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
35, L03612, 2008.
Chen, C. and Tang, D.:
Eddy-feature phytoplankton bloom induced by a tropical cyclone in the South China Sea,
Int. J. Remote Sens.,
33, 7444–7457, 2012.
Chen, G, Xiu, P., and Chai, F.:
Physical and biological controls on the summer chlorophyll bloom to the east of Vietnam,
J. Oceanogr.,
70, 323–328, 2014.
Chung, C., Gong, G., and Hung, C.:
Effect of Typhoon Morakot on microphytoplankton population dynamics in the subtropical Northwest Pacific,
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.,
448, 39–49, 2012.
Claustre, H., Bishop, J., Boss, E., Stewart, B., Berthon, J.-F., Coatanoan, C., Johnson, K., Lotiker, A., Ulloa, O., Perry, M. J., D'Ortenzio, F., D'andon, O. H. F., and Uitz, J.:
Bio-optical profiling floats as new observational tools for biogeochemical and ecosystem studies,
in: Proceedings of the “OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society” Conference, Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009,
edited by: Hall, J., Harrison, D. E., and Stammer, D.,
ESA Publication WPP-306, 2010.
Cullen, J. J.:
Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum Layers: Enduring Enigma or Mystery Solved?,
Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci.,
7, 207–239, 2015.
Du, C., Liu, Z., Kao, S. J., and Dai, M.:
Diapycnal fluxes of nutrients in an oligotrophic oceanic regime: the South China Sea,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
44, 11510–11518, 2017.
Dunnavan, G. M. and Diercks, J. W.:
An analysis of Super Typhoon Tip (October 1979),
Mon. Weather Rev.,
108, 1915–1923, 1980.
Elsner, J. B., Kossin, J. P., and Jagger, T. H.:
The increasing intensity of the strongest tropical cyclones,
Nature,
455, 92–95, 2008.
Emanuel, K. A.:
Thermodynamic control of hurricane intensity,
Nature,
401, 665–669, 1999.
Emanuel, K. A.:
Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years,
Nature,
436, 686–688, 2005.
Frank, N. L. and Husain, S. A.:
Deadliest tropical cyclone in history,
B. Am. Meteorol. Soc.,
52, 438–444, 1971.
Gierach, M. M., and Subrahmanyam, B.:
Biophysical responses of the upper ocean to major Gulf of Mexico hurricanes in 2005,
J. Geophys. Res.,
113, C04029, 2008.
Glenn, S., Miles, T., Seroka, G., Xu, Y., Forney, R., Yu, F., Roarty, H., Schofield, O., and Kohut, J.:
Stratified coastal ocean interactions with tropical cyclones,
Nat. Commun.,
7, 10887, 2016.
Gong, X., Jiang, W., Wang, L., Gao, H., Boss, E., Yao, X., Kao, S.-J., and Shi, J.: Analytical solution of the nitracline with the evolution of subsurface chlorophyll maximum in stratified water columns, Biogeosciences, 14, 2371–2386, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2371-2017, 2017.
Graff, J. R., Westberry, T. K., Milligan, A. J., Brown, M. B., Dall'Olmo, G., Van Dongen-Vogels, V., Reifela, K. M., and Behrenfelda, M. J:
Analytical phytoplankton carbon measurements spanning diverse ecosystems,
Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I,
102, 16–25, 2015.
Gray, W. M.:
Global view of the origin of tropical disturbances and storms,
Mon. Weather Rev.,
96, 669–700, 1968.
Han, G., Ma, Z., and Chen, N.:
Hurricane Igor impacts on the stratification and phytoplankton bloom over the Grand Banks,
J. Marine Syst.,
100–101, 19–25, 2012.
He, J. and Soden, B. J.:
Anthropogenic weakening of the tropical circulation: the relative roles of direct CO2 forcing and sea surface temperature change,
J. Climate,
28, 8728–8742, 2015.
Huang, S. M. and Oey, L. Y.:
Right-side cooling and phytoplankton bloom in the wake of a tropical cyclone,
J. Geophys. Res.,
120, 5735–5748, 2015.
Jacob, S. D., Shay, L. K., Mariano, A. J., and Black, P. G.:
The 3D oceanic mixed layer response to Hurricane Gilbert,
J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
30, 1407–1429, 2000.
Johnson, K. S. and Claustre, H.:
Bringing Biogeochemistry into the Argo Age,
Eos,
97, 11–15, 2016.
Kang, S.-W., Jun, K.-C., Park, K.-S., and Han, S.-D.:
Storm surge hindcasting of Typhoon Maemi in Masan Bay, Korea,
Mar. Geod.,
32, 218–232, 2009.
Kara, A. B., Rochford, P. A., and Hurlburt, H. E.:
An optimal definition for ocean mixed layer depth,
J. Geophys. Res.,
105, 16803, 2000.
Kossin, J. P.:
A global slowdown of tropical-cyclone translation speed,
Nature,
558, 104–107, 2018.
Letelier, R. M., Karl, D. M., Abbott, M. R., and Bidigare, R. R.:
Light driven seasonal patterns of chlorophyll and nitrate in the lower euphotic zone of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre,
Limnol. Oceanogr.,
49, 508–519, 2004.
Lin, I. I.:
Typhoon-induced phytoplankton blooms and primary productivity increase in the western North Pacific subtropical ocean,
J. Geophys. Res.,
117, C03039, 2012.
Lin, I. I. and Chan, J. C.:
Recent decrease in typhoon destructive potential and global warming implications,
Nat. Commun.,
6, 7182–7182, 2015.
Lin, I. I., Pun, I. F., and Wu, C. C.:
Upper-ocean thermal structure and the western North Pacific category-5 typhoons. Part II: Dependence on translation speed,
Mon. Weather Rev.,
137, 3744–3757, 2009.
Lin, S., Zhang, W. Z., Shang, S. P., and Hong, H. S.:
Ocean response to typhoons in the western North Pacific: Composite results from Argo data,
Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I,
123, 62–74, 2017.
Liu, H., Hu, Z., Huang, L., Huang, H., Chen, Z., Song, X., Ke, Z., and Zhou, L.:
Biological response to typhoon in northern South China Sea: A case study of “Koppu”,
Cont. Shelf Res.,
68, 123–132, 2013.
Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Baranova, O. K., Boyer, T. P., Zweng, M. M., Garcia, H. E., Reagan, J. R., Seidov, D., Weathers, K., Paver, C. R., and Smolyar, I.: World Ocean Atlas 2018, Vol. 1, Temperature, edited by: Mishonov, A., Technical Ed., NOAA Atlas NESDIS 81, 52 pp., 2018.
Mei, M., Lien, C. C., Lin, I. I., and Xie, S. P.:
Tropical cyclone-induced ocean response: a comparative study of the South China Sea and Tropical Northwest Pacific,
J. Climate,
28, 5952–5968, 2015.
Menkes, C. E., Lengaigne, M., Leìvy, M., Etheì, C., Bopp, L., Aumont, O., Vincent, E., Vialard, J., and Jullien, S.:
Global impact of tropical cyclones on primary production,
Global Biogeochem. Cy.,
30, 767–786, 2016.
Mignot, A., Claustre, H., Uitz, J., Poteau, A., D'Ortenzio, F., and Xing, X.:
Understanding the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton biomass and the deep chlorophyll maximum in oligotrophic environments: A Bio-Argo float investigation,
Global Biogeochem. Cy.,
28, 856–876, 2014.
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center: Ocean Ecology Laboratory, Ocean Biology Processing Group, MODIS Aqua Chlorophyll Data, 2018 Reprocessing, NASA OB.DAAC, USA, https://doi.org/10.5067/AQUA/MODIS/L3B/CHL/2018 (last access: 31 March 2019), 2018.
NASA OBPG: MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped SST, Ver. 2019.0, PO.DAAC, CA, USA, https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-1D4D9, last access: 31 March 2019.
Needham, H. F., Keim, B. D., and Sathiaraj, D.:
A review of tropical cyclone-generated storm surges: global data sources, observations, and impacts,
Rev. Geophys.,
53, 545–591, 2015.
Pan, S., Shi, J., Gao, H., Guo, X., Yao, X., and Gong, X.:
Contributions of physical and biogeochemical processes to phytoplankton biomass enhancement in the surface and subsurface layers during the passage of typhoon Damrey,
J Geophys. Res.-Biogeo.,
122, 212–229, 2017.
Platt, T.:
Primary production of the ocean water column as a function of surface light intensity: algorithms for remote sensing,
Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I,
33, 149–163, 1986.
Pothapakula, P. K., Osuri, K. K., Pattanayak, S., Mohanty, U. C., Sil, S., and Nadimpalli, R.:
Observational perspective of SST changes during life cycle of tropical cyclones over Bay of Bengal,
Nat. Hazards,
88, 1769–1787, 2017.
Price, J. F.:
Upper ocean response to a hurricane,
J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
11, 153–175, 1981.
Price, J. F., Sanford, J. B., and Forristall, G. Z.:
Forced stage responses to a moving hurricane,
J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
24, 233–260, 1994.
Sanford, T. B., Price, J. F., and Girton, J. B.:
Upper ocean response to Hurricane Frances (2004) observed by profiling EM-APEX floats,
J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
41, 1041–1056, 2011.
Schmechtig, C., Thierry, V., and The Bio Argo Team:
Argo quality control manual for biogeochemical data,
https://doi.org/10.13155/40879, 2016.
Shang, S., Li, L., Sun, F., Wu, J., Hu, C., Chen, D., Ning, X., Qiu, Y., Zhang, C., and Shang, S.:
Changes of temperature and bio-optical properties in the South China Sea in response to Typhoon Lingling, 2001,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
35, L10602, 2008.
Shibano, R., S., Yamanaka, Y., Okada, N., Chuda, T., Suzuki, S., and Niino, H.:
Responses of marine ecosystem to typhoon passages in the western subtropical North Pacific,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
38, L18608, 2011.
Sobel, A. H., Camargo, S. J., Hall, T. M., Lee, C. Y., Tippett, M. K., and Wing, A. A.:
Human Influence on Tropical Cyclone Intensity,
Science,
353, 242–246, 2016.
Sriver, R. L. and Huber, M.:
Observational evidence for an ocean heat pump induced by tropical cyclones,
Nature,
447, 577–580, 2007.
Sun, L., Yang, Y., Xian, T., Lu, Z., and Fu, Y.:
Strong enhancement of chlorophyll a concentration by a weak typhoon,
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.,
404, 39–50, 2010.
Terzić, E., Lazzari, P., Organelli, E., Solidoro, C., Salon, S., D'Ortenzio, F., and Conan, P.: Merging bio-optical data from Biogeochemical-Argo floats and models in marine biogeochemistry, Biogeosciences, 16, 2527–2542, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2527-2019, 2019.
Vecchi, G. A. and Soden, B. J.:
Effect of remote sea surface temperature change on tropical cyclone potential intensity,
Nature,
450, 1066–1070, 2007.
Wang, Y.:
Composite of typhoon induced sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a responses in the South China Sea,
J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,
125, e2020JC016243, 2020.
Webster, P. J., Holland, G. J., Curry, J. A., and Chang, H.:
Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration, and Intensity in a Warming Environment,
Science,
309, 1844–1846, 2005.
Wu, R. and Li, C.:
Upper ocean responses to the passage of two sequential typhoons,
Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I,
132, 68–79, 2018.
Xing, X., Wells, M. L., Chen, S., Lin, S., and Chai, F.:
Enhanced Winter Carbon Export Observed by BGC-Argo in the Northwest Pacific Ocean,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
47, e2020GL089847, 2020.
Yang, Y. J., Sun, L., Liu, Q., Xian, T., and Fu, Y.:
The biophysical responses of the upper ocean to the typhoons Namtheun and Malou in 2004,
Int. J. Remote Sens.,
31, 4559–4568, 2010.
Ye, H. J., Sui, Y., Tang, D. L., and Afanasyev, Y. D.:
A Subsurface Chlorophyll a Bloom Induced by Typhoon in the South China Sea,
J. Marine Syst.,
128, 138–145, 2013.
Zhao, H., Tang, D., and Wang, Y.:
Comparison of phytoplankton blooms triggered by two typhoons with different intensities and translation speeds in the South China Sea,
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.,
365, 57–65, 2008.
Zhao, H., Pan, J., Han, G., Devlin, A. T., Zhang, S., and Hou, Y.:
Effect of a fast-moving tropical storm Washi on phytoplankton in the northwestern South China Sea,
J. Geophys. Res.,
122, 3404–3416, 2017.
Zhang, H., Wu, R., Chen, D., Liu, X., He, H., Tang, Y., Ke, D., Shen, Z., Li, J., Xie, J., Tian, D., Meng, J., Liu, F., Zhang, D., and Zhang, W.:
Net modulation of upper ocean thermal structure by Typhoon Kalmaegi (2014),
J. Geophys. Res.,
122, 7154–7171, 2018.
Zheng, G. and Tang, D.:
Offshore and nearshore chlorophyll increases induced by typhoon winds and subsequent terrestrial rainwater runoff,
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.,
333, 61–74, 2007.
Zheng, Z.-W., Ho, C.-R., and Kuo, N.-J.:
Importance of pre-existing oceanic conditions to upper ocean response induced by Super Typhoon Hai-Tang,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
35, L20603, 2008.
Zhou, L., Tan, Y., Huang, L., Huang, J., Liu, H., and Lian, X.:
Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing in the continental shelf area of northeastern South China Sea after Typhoon Fengshen,
Cont. Shelf Res.,
31, 1663–1671, 2011.
Short summary
The unique observations by a Biogeochemical Argo float in the NW Pacific Ocean captured the impact of a super typhoon on upper-ocean physical and biological processes. Our result reveals typhoons can increase the surface chlorophyll through strong vertical mixing without bringing nutrients upward from the depth. The vertical redistribution of chlorophyll contributes little to enhance the primary production, which is contradictory to many former satellite-based studies related to this topic.
The unique observations by a Biogeochemical Argo float in the NW Pacific Ocean captured the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint